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Biographical Memoirs
N AT I O N A L A
CADEMY OF SCIENCES
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NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Biographical Memoirs
VOLUME 58
NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS
WASHINGTON, D.C. 1989
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The National Academy of Sciences was established in 1863 by Act of Con-
gress as a private, nonprofit, self-governing membership corporation for
the furtherance of science and technology, required to advise the federal
government upon request within its fields of competence. Under its cor-
porate charter the Academy established the National Research Council in
1916, the National Academy of Engineering in 1964, and the Institute of
Medicine in 1970.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD BOOK NUMBER 0-309-03938-X
ElBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOG CARD NUMBER 5-26629
Available from
NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS
2 101 CONSTITUTION AVENUE, N.W.,
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20418
PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
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C^1~TTp1~T l
PREFACE
PERCIVAL BAILEY
BY PAUL C. BUCY
ERIC GLENDINNING BALL
BY]OHN M. BUCHANAN AND A. BAIRD HASTINGS
JENS CHRISTIAN CLAUSEN
BY C. STACY FRENCH
CARLETON STEVENS COON
BY W. W. HOWELLS
RENE JULES DUBOS
BY]AMES G. HIRSCH AND CAROL L. MOBERG
JOHN RAY DUNNING
BY HERBERT L. ANDERSON
ARIE JAN HAAGEN-SMIT
BY JAMES BONNER
v
. .
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3
49
75
109
133
163
189
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V1
CONTENTS
HARRY FREDERICK HARLOW
BY]OSEPH B. SIDOWSKI AND DONALD B. LINDSLEY
CHARLES HEIDELBERGER
BY ELIZABETH C. MILLER AND JAMES A. MILLER
MOSES KUNITZ
BY ROGER M. HERRIOTT
ROBERT HELMER MACARTHUR
BY EDWARD O. WILSON AND EVELYN G. HUTCHINSON
MARGARET MEAD
BY CLIFFORD GEERTZ
DAVID NACHMANSOHN
BY SEVERO OCHOA
HARRY F. OLSON
BY CYRIL M. HARRIS
OSCAR KNEELER RICE
BY BENJAMIN WIDOM AND RUDOLPH A. MARCUS
DICKINSON WOODRUFF RICHARDS
BY ANDRE COURNAND
CHARLES DONALD SHANK
BY S. VASILEVSKIS AND D. E. OSTERBROCK
WILLIAM CHRISTOPHER STADIE
BY ISSAC STARR
CUMULATIVE INDEX
219
259
305
319
329
357
407
425
459
489
513
529
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PREFACE
The Biographical Memoirs is a series of volumes, beginning in
~ 877, containing the biographies of cleceased members of the
National Academy of Sciences and bibliographies of their
published scientific contributions. The goal of the Acaclemy
is to have these memoirs serve as a contribution toward the
history of American science. Each biographical essay is writ-
ten by an incliviclual familiar with the discipline and the scien-
tific career of the cleceased. These volumes, therefore, pro-
vide a record of the lives anct works of some of the most
clistinguished leaders of American science as witnessed and
interpreted by their colleagues and peers. Though the pri-
mary concern is the members' professional lives and contri-
butions, these memoirs also include those aspects of their
lives in their home, school, college, or later life that led them
. . . ~
to t near scenic career.
The National Academy of Sciences is a private, honorary
organization of scientists ant] engineers electecl on the basis
of outstanding contributions to knowledge. EstablishecI by a
Congressional Act of Incorporation on March 3, 1863, the
Acaclemy works to further science and its use for the general
welfare by bringing together the most qualified individuals
to clear with scientific and technological problems of broach
. · ~
slgnlucance.
PETER H. RAVEN
Home Secretary
ELIZAB ETH ]. S HERMAN
Associate Editor
. .
V11
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