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OCR for page 141
Index
A
Abstracting, 106
Accounting tasks, 63
Acquisition practices, 54, 57,
59, 74, 76-77, 93-95, 115,
117-120
Ada, 128
Administrative support, 133
Agency initiatives, 55-56
Air Force, 93-96
Air Force Computer
Acquisition Center, 95
Alaska state government, 120
Alexander, John J., Jr., 101
114
Alice 's Ad ventures in
Wonderland, 50
Amdahl, 110
Analytic tool packages, 107
Apollo, 25-26
Apple Inc.
Lisa, 25, 29, 32-33, 63, 76
McIntosh, 24
Applications generators, 47
49
Applications software, 21-23,
120
shared, 118
141
Architectural issues, 24, 63,
129
Artificial intelligence, 24-27,
61
Assembly languages vs.
higher-level languages, 29
Audio links, 64
Audit logs and procedures, 90
Auditors, role of, 77-78, 80,
113
Authorization procedures,
117-119
Automated data processing
(ADP) planning, 22
Automated information
processing, 105, 111
Automated programming aids,
48
Automation, 9, 101 -114
Automation professionals, 111
B
Backbone systems, 121
Backlog in computer service
departments, 46-48, 103-
104
Backup and recovery
procedures, 75, 90, 118
OCR for page 142
142
Backward compatibility, 93
Bair, James H., 6-7, 44, 60-66
Bank of America, 86
BASIC, 128
Batch processing, 23, 36, 92
Bennett, John H., 5-6, 44, 45-
51
Bit-maps, 26
Blank, Hannah I., 43-44
Boolean logic capabilities, 106
Bottom-up management, 136
Boxcentric computer
development, 37
Branch information processing
system terminals (BIPs),
131-132
Brickland, Dan, 31
Budgetary control procedures,
125
Bunker Ramo network, 131
Burroughs Corp. LINK, 48
Bush, Vannevar, 60
Business analysis, 105, 107-
108
Business graphics, 26
Business information
management departments,
78
Business information systems,
14
Business systems analysis, 78
Buying and procedural guides,
57
C
C, 128
California state government,
119
Canter, Rhoda W., 99-100
Capacity planning, 22-23, 25
Career training for
microcomputer users, see
end-user education
Carroll, Lewis, 50
Centralization vs.
INDEX
decentralization, 93, 104-
105, 110-111, 119
Centralized electronic data
processing (EDP), 110
Centralized maintenance, 117
Centralized management, 76,
118, 125, 127, 136, 139,
see also decentralized
management
Charge-back systems, 90-92
Children's access to
computers, 116
CIGNA's Systems Division,
135-146
COBOL, 128
Color graphics, 107
Communications issues, 5-6,
13, 64, 78, 87, 116, 121,
see also networking
Communications protocols,
129
for moving information
between windows, 63
Computer centers, 23
Computer literacy, 11, 20-21,
44, 75-76, 126, 129, see
also end-user education
Computer life cycles, 134
Computer messaging, 64
Computer service
organizations (CSOs), 47,
49-50
Computer stores, 118- 119,
139
Computer-to-programmer
ratio, 126
Connectivity, 7
Conrad, Thomas D., 70, 93-96
Context, MBA software
package, 32, 49
Contr actor-developed
software, 121
Contractor support, post-sale,
95
Control, 62, 125, see also data
security
OCR for page 143
INDEX
Control measures,
management, 76, 134, 137
Control through persuasion,
135-140
Control vs. creativity, 9, 11-
12
Corporate databases, 63, 125,
127, 137
Cost-benefit analysis, 26, 117-
118
Cost-justified applications, 7,
46-47, 105, 107-108
Cost performance curve in
logical devices, 126
CP/M, 26, 129
Creativity, 8-12, 83-84, 92
Culture of organizations, 111
Custom applications, 34-35,
103-104, 111,seealso
software
Customer access to data and
files, 133-134, 136
Cynthia Peripherals, 26-27
D
Dade County, Florida, 120
Data, portability of, 93
Data accessibility, 7, 48, 73,
78, 112
Data-analyzing capabilities, 86
DATA-COM D/B, 128
Data compatibility, 7, 64, 73
Data-crunching, 23
Data dictionary, 112
Data General
Eclipse, 131
MV-4000s, 131 -132
Data integrity, 5, 43, 75, 78
79, 89-90, 123
Data inquiry, 105-106, 108
Data maintenance, 132
Data management, 7, 57, 73,
76, 78-79
Data ownership, 88, 90, 92,
113, 125, 128, 132
143
Data processing/management
information systems (DP/
MIS) organization, 61-62
Data processing planning, 119
Data processing professional
standards, 82-83, 89-90
Data processing (DP)
professionals, role of, 11,
13, 16, 43-44, 121, 128,
see also information
processing
Data security, 6-7, 43, 47-48,
73, 75, 78-79, 82, 87-89,
92, 112-113
Data sharing, 32, see also
integrated software
Databases, 39-40, 131
corporate, 63, 125, 127, 137
Database administration, 128
Database management
systems (DBMs), 93, 127-
128
dBase, 28-29
dBase II, multiaccess, 39-40
Decentralized management,
83, 110, 125, 136, see also
centralized management
Decision quality, 82-83, 85-
86, 89
Decision support systems, 6,
121, 133
Defense Data Network (DDN)
protocols, 129
Department of Agriculture's
graduate school program,
57
Department-level computing,
63, 72-73, 79, 112, 121
Desktop personal filing, 62
Diebold, John, 3, 7, 11 - 14
Diebold Research Program, 13
Digital Equipment
Corporation PDP 11, 46
Distributed creativity, 8- 12,
83-84, 92
Distributed processing, 110
OCR for page 144
144
Documentation, 116
Domain operating system, 26
Dual-port CPU, 129
Dugger, Fred, 115- 123
E
Education, see end-user
education
E.F. Hutton Group, 130- 134
Electronic j anitor, 133
Electronic mail, 38-39, 64,
105-108, 133
Employees
changing skills of, 113, 136,
see also end-user
education
salaried, 101-114
Employment Security
Department (ESD)
(Washington), 121
Encryption, 88
End-user computing, iii, 3, 8,
52-59, 75, 81-92
End-user education, 13-14,
54-55, 58, 79, 92, 115,
117, 119-120, 139
End-user purchase of
microcomputers, 13, 24,
46-47, 72
End-user skill level, 11, 20-21,
44, 75-76, 126, 129
End-user support groups, 54,
58, 117, 136, 140
End-users, role of, 124- 129
End-users, see also user-
developed software; user-
friendly software
Epstein, Norman M., 8, 130-
134
Error detection, 75
Essex Group Headquarters,
48
Ethernet, 37, 129, see also
networking
INDEX
Executive Personal
Computing Workshop, 49
Expansion stage, 124- 125
Expert systems, 61
Expert users, 35
F
Floppy disks
data security, 6, 88, 92
elimination of through
networks, 39
Form processors, universal,
107
Forms-base messaging, 39
FORTRAN, 128
Fourth- and fifth-generation
language systems, 85
Fourth-generation software,
128
Free marketplace philosophy,
137
G
Gateways, 132
General ledgers, 63
General Motors, 78
General Services
Administration (GSAl,
52-59
Generic software, 139
Gibson and Nolan's stages of
growth curve, 8
Government organizations,
recommendations for,
122-123
Governmentwide initiatives,
55-57
Grace Commission report, 52
Graphics
business, 26
capabilities of internal
systems, 137
color, 107
Graphics integration, 26
OCR for page 145
INDEX
H
Hardware
acquisition, standardized
guidelines for, 118, see
also acquisition practices
centralization vs.
decentralization, 110
developmental stages, 21,
124
increased power of, 25-26
portability of, 93
Hardware peripheral vendors,
23-24
Head-end computers, 131
Health and Welfare
Department (California),
119
Hewlett-Packard HP-747 5A
plotters, 26
High-level languages, 48
High-resolution bit-map
displays, 26
High-speed dual mode
printers, 132
Homework, microcomputer-
related issues, 44
Honeywell, 26
Horizontal corporate database
systems, 127
Human Resource
Development (HRD)
search activity, 106
"Hutton Line, " 133-134
I
IBM
business systems planning
(BSP) technology, 102
Displaywriter, 102, 110
Information Systems
Planning (ISP), 127
PCs, 24, 37-38, 49, 76, 102,
110
System/38s, 102, 106, 110
145
Illinois state government,
119-120
Implementation of
productivity
improvements, 112
Industrial Renaissance, 85
In-house maintenance, 94
In-house programming, 126
In-house technical support, 59
In Search of Excellence, 83
Inexpensive on-line computer
resources, 85
Inflexible systems, 75
Information center computer
stores, 139
Information centers, 3, 48, 85,
92, 120, 128, 138-139
Information Clearinghouse,
122
Information flow to top
management, 115
Information-handling
requirements, 104
Information management,
111-112
Information processing, 11-
12, 106, see also data
processing
Information system analysts,
104
Information systems (IS)
managers, role of, 5
Initiation stage, 124
INQUIRE, 106
Integrated circuit technology,
22-25, 27
Integrated software, 4-5, 21,
32-35, 54
Integration stage, 125
Intel Corporation
microprocessors, 24
INTELLECT, 106
Intelligent workstations, 64,
see also workstations
Interdepartmental interfaces,
78
OCR for page 146
146
Internal computer stores,
118-119, 139
Internal marketing, 136-137
International Data
Corporation, 19-27
International Organization for
Standardization, 129
International Word
Processing Association, 61
J
Job definitions, changing, 43
44, 108
Job Placement Training Act
(JPTA) activities, 121
K
Kapor, Mitchell, 4, 17, 28-35,
37
Kentucky state government,
118-119
Kline, Ray, 6, 44, 52-59
Knowledge systems, 61
L
Language-processing systems,
106
Language proliferation, 89,
91-92, 128
Language systems, fourth and
fifth generation, 85
Languages, assembly vs.
higher-level, 29
Large-scale computing
services, 72
Learning support systems, 6
Leary, William H., III, 17-18
Letter quality printers, 132
License restrictions on
software, 7-8, 74
INDEX
Lisa, 25, 29, 32-33, 63, 76
Lisacalc, 33
LISP, 128
Local area networks, 36-40,
105, 111-112, 115, 121,
129, 131, see also
networking
Local governments, 115- 123
Logic chips, 27
Log-on passwords, 88, 92, 132
Loren, Allan Z., 135- 140
Lotus Development
Corporation 1-2-3, 28-29,
35, 40
M
McDonough, Francis A., iii-iv
Macrolanguage, 35
Main files, update of, 88, 92,
see also data ownership
Mainframes vs.
microcomputers, 25-26,
86-87, 120
Maintenance
centralized, 115, 117, 119,
139
contract, 57, 94
in-house, 94
Managed Innovation
Program, 55-57
Management, centralized vs.
decentralized, 110, 136,
see also centralized
management;
decentralized management
Management education, 49,
121-123
Management information
systems (MIS)
departments, role of, 10,
14, 60-61, 71, 74-77, 79,
112
Management research, 85-86
OCR for page 147
INDEX
Management support systems,
3, 6, 122-123
Managing Erld-User
Computing in the Federal
Government, 53
Manufacturing systems, 13
Market data system, 131
Market need, software
development independent
of, 29
Marketing tactics, 72, 104
Master data processing plan,
119
Maturity stage, 125
Meeting scheduling, 133
Metcalfe, Robert M., 5, 17-18,
36-40
Microcomputer Support Unit
(MSU) (Kentucky), 118-
119
Microcomputers
future of, 19-27, see also
personal computers
guidelines for selecting, 119
Micro-mainframe
communication, 12, 22, 30,
34, 38, 63, 87, 99, 119,
121, 123
Micro-micro communication,
38, 121
Minicomputers, 3
MIS departments, see
management information
systems departments
MIS Quarterly, 85
Model template application,
35
Modem chips, 25
Motorola 68000, 24
Mouse, 25
MS DOS, 129
Multiaccess networked
software, 39-40, 127, see
also databases, corporate
Multiple concurrent processes,
26
147
Multiple functions and
responsibilities of
management, 113
Multiple windows, 22, 25
N
National Association of State
Information Systems
(NASIS), 121-122
National contracts on
software, 139
Nationwide cluster
maintenance contracts, 57
Network-delivered software,
39-40
Network design, 13
Networking, 23, 55, 128
local area, 36-40, 64, 105,
. 111-112, 115, 121, 129,
131, see also
communications issues
Nevada state government, 121
Nolan, Richard, 8, 74, 124-
125, 127
o
Object-oriented architecture,
24
Obsolescence, 24, 74-75
Office automation, 13, 60-66
Off-the-shelf software, 35, 117,
120-121
Omand, Alastair I., 7-8, 70,
71-80
On-line computer resources,
inexpensive, 85
Open-ended software systems,
33-35
Operating systems, 129
user isolation from, 92
Organizational issues, 9, 108-
109, 127, 135-140
Operating systems, 129
OCR for page 148
148
p
Parsing programs, 106
PASCAL, 128
Passwords, 88, 92
Payroll processing, 72
Peripheral chips, 22, 24-25
Peripheral sharing, 20, 37-38
Peripheral vendors, role of in
microcomputer
development, 19-20
Personal computer networks,
36-40, see also networks
Personal computer purchases
by end-users, 13, 24, 46-
47, 72
Personal computer software,
trends in, 28-35
Personal computers in
business, proliferation of,
3, 12, 20, 62, 73-74, see
also microcomputers
Personal computing, 72-73, 84
Personnel departments, 63
Personnel education, 79
Piaget, Jean, 21
Planning cycle for automation,
102
Plotters (2- or 3-pin), 26
Policy development, 122
Portability of hardware and
data, 93
Postsale contractor support,
95
Printers, 132
Privacy, 112
Private sector organizations,
recommendations for,
122-123
Procedure development, 122
Procurement procedures, 54,
57, 59, 74, 76-77, 93-95,
115, 117-120, 139, see also
purchasing departments
Product warranty systems, 72
Productivity, as cost
justification, 55, 105
INDEX
Productivity, individual, 72,
132-133
Productivity, measurement of,
7, 62, 113, 116-117
Productivity improvements,
implementation of, 112
Productivity improvements
planning, 101-114, 122
Productivity vs. creativity, 10
Program generators, 48
Programmer productivity, 48,
117
Programs, see software
Proliferation of hardware and
software, 74, 76, 89, 110,
135
Proliferation of languages, 89,
91-92, 128
Purchase of computers by end
users, 13, 24, 46-47, 72,
94
Purchasing departments, role
of, 79-80, 118
Q
Quality of decisions, 82-83,
85-96, 89
Quantity discounts, 119
Query-language facilities, 106
QUEST I and II, 137
R
Raytheon Readi-Code, 48
Records management, 63
Recovery procedures, 75, 90,
118
Remote data, 22
Remote job entry, 110
Report writers, 48
Request for a proposal (RFPl,
94-95
Research and Education
Committee of NASIS, 122
Research librarians, 106
OCR for page 149
INDEX
Resource use, 90-91
Response time, 86-87
Retraining, 113, 136
Return on investment (ROI}
calculations, 117
Review procedures, 75
Reynolds Metals Company,
101-114
Robotics, 61
Rolling resources, 20
Rosser, William C., 69-70
Rotation policies, 93
S
Sales support, 133
Security, see data security
Self-documenting tools, 47
Semiconductor technology,
22-25, 27
Sign-on codes, 88, 92, 132
SIMSCRIPT, 128
Single-user operating systems,
20
Sisson, Roger L., 8, 70, 81-92
Skill sets, 7, 75-76
Software
basic applications, 32
custom applications, 34-35,
103-104, 111
integrated, 4-5, 21, 32-35,
54
licensing restrictions on, 7-
8, 74
most successful, 28-29
off-the-shelf, 35, 117, 120-
121
user-friendly, 86-87, 120-
121, 129
Software acquisition policies,
115, 118, 120
Software development
centralized vs. decentralized,
110, 126-127
end-user, 89-90, 92, 125,
128-129
149
focusof, 19-21, 37
hardware controlled, 30-31
individual geniuses vs.
formal development
teams, 28-30
Software library, 139
Software piracy, 74
Software proliferation, 120-
121, 126, 139
Software vendors, 28-35
Spreadsheets, 28-29, 31, 39,
104, 107, 133
Stages of evolution of
computers and
information systems, 124
125
Stand-alone computing, 54
Standardization, see
centralization vs.
decentralization;
management; maintenance
Standardized maintenance,
117
Standards, establishment of,
128
Stanford Research Institute,
60
State government policies,
115-123
Synapse, 26
Systems development, 75, 79,
104, 122, 125
Systems generators, 47
T
Technical computation, 105,
107-108
Technical excellence, 95-96
Technologists, role of, 127
128
Teleconferencing, 64
Telephone access, illegal, 88
Telephone management, 62
Telephony, 64
OCR for page 150
150
Terminals
multipurpose use of, 131
proliferation of, 45-46, 48,
131
Text integration, 26
Text-processing language, 106
The Source, 63
Thompson, John M., 3- 10
3Com's local network, 39
Timesharing, 3, 37, 87, 107,
110, 137,seealso
networking
Toffler, Alvin, 61
Top-down planning, 129
Training of end-users, see end-
user education
Transaction processing, 105-
108
Transparently networked
software, 39
U
United States Army, 124- 129
United Technologies
Corporation (UTCl, 45-51
Universal form processors,
107
UNIX, 76, 129
Unplanned systems, 116
Update of main files, 92
Use, actual vs. justified, 108
109
User-developed software, 89
90, 92, 125, 128-129
User-friendly operating
systems, 85
User-friendly software, 86-87,
120-121, 129
User literacy, 11, 20-21, 44,
75-76, 126, 129
User networks, see
· . ~
communications Issues;
networking
Users, see end-users
INDEX
V
VAX, 46
Vendor interface, 74
Vendor proliferation, 117,
120-121
Vendor role in technical
support and maintenance,
76
Vendors, qualified, 118
Videotex, 63
Video teleconferencing
technology, 127
Visicalc, 28-29, 31, 39, 104,
107
Visicorp, 32
Vision, 29, 40
Visiword, network delivered,
39
Visual information sharing, 64
Voice integration, 39
W
Wafer technology, 27
Wang, 26
Washington state
government, 121
Wasted resources, invisibility
of, 91
Willmott, Thomas H., 4, 17,
19-27
Winchester disk technology,
26-27
Windows, 33-34, 63
Window-mouse systems, 33-
34
Word processing, 105, 107-
108, 133, 138
effect of peripheral chip
technology on, 25
introduction of, 61
Word processing capabilities,
131
Wordstar, 28-29
Workstations, 6, 20, 46, 49,
64, 87
OCR for page 151
INDEX
X
Xerox Star 8010, 64
y
Yale Artificial Intelligence
Labs, 25-26
151
z
Z 80 software developers, 23
24
Zenith Data Systems
microprocessors, 96
Zimmerman, Martin B., 124-
129
OCR for page 152
Representative terms from entire chapter:
information processing
