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Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 1990. Earthquake Engineering for Concrete Dams: Design, Performance, and Research Needs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1742.
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References Chapter 2 U.S. Commission on Large Dams (USCOLD). Guidelines for selecting seismic parameters for dam projects. USCOLD Committee on Earthquakes. 1985. 2-2 Clough, R. W., K. T. Chang, H. Q. Chen, and Y. Ghanaat. "Dynamic Interaction Effects in Arch Dams." Report No. EERC-85/11. Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley. 1985. 2-3 Fok, K. L., J. F. Hall, and A. K. Chopra. "EACD-3D, A Computer Program for Three- Dimensional Earthquake Analysis of Concrete Dams." Report No. EERC 86/09. Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of Califomia, Berkeley. 1986. 2-4 Fenves, G., and A. K. Chopra. "EAGD-84, A Computer Program for Earthquake Analysis of Concrete Gravity Dams." Report No. EERC 84/11. Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley. 1984. 2-5 Clough, R. W., J. M. Raphael, and S. ~£ojtahedi. "ADAP, A Computer Program for Static and Dynamic Analysis of Arch Dams." Report No. EERC 73/14. Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of Califomia, Berkeley. 1973. 2-6 Trifunac, M. D. "Scattenng of Plane SH Waves by a Semi-Cylindncal Canyon." Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, Vol. 1, pp. 267-281. 1973. 2-7 Wang, H. L., and M. D. Trifunac.~"Scattering of Plane SH Waves by a Semi-Elliptical Canyon." Earthquake Engineering And Structural Dynamics, Vol. 3, pp. 157-169. 1974. 2-8 Wong, H. L., and P. C. Jennings. "Effects of Canyon Topography on Strong Ground Motion." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, Vol. 65, pp. 1239-1257. 1975. 127

128 Sanchez-Sesma, F. J., and E. Rosenbleuth. "Ground Motion at Canyons of Arbitrary Shape Under Incident SH Waves." Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, Vol.o7, pp. 441-450. 1979. 2-10 Sanchez-Sesma, F. J. "Ground Motion Amplification Due to Canyons of Arbitrary Shape Under Incident SH Waves." Proceedings of 2nd International Conference on Microzonation, San Francisco, Vol. II, pp. 729-738. 1978. 2-11 Wang, H. L. "Diffraction of P. SV, and Rayleigh Waves by Surface Topographies." Report No. CE 79-05. University of Southem California. 1979. 2-12 Wang, H. L. "Effect of Surface Topography on the Diffraction of P. SV, and Rayleigh Waves." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, Vol. 72, No. 4, pp. 1167- 1183. 1982. 2-13 Bouchon, M. "Effect of Topography on Surface Motion." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, Vol. 63, No. 3, pp. 615-632. 1983. 2-14 Boore, D. M. "A Note on the Effect of Simple Topography on Seismic SH Waves." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, Vol. 62, No. 1, pp. 275-284. 1972. 2-15 Boore, D. M., S. C. Harmsen, and S. T. Harding. "Wave Scattering from a Step Change in Surface Topography." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, Vol. 71, No. 1, pp. 117-125. 1981. 2-16 Clayton, R., and B. Engquist. "Absorbing Boundary Conditions for Acoustic and Elastic Wave Equations." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, Vol. 67, No. 6, pp. 1529-1540. 1977. 2-17 Smith, W. D. "The Application of Finite Element Analysis to Body Wave Propagation Problems." Geophysics Journal, Vol. 42, pp. 747-768. 1975. 2-18 Smith, W. D. "A Nonreflecting Plane Boundary for Wave Propagation Problems." Journal of Computational Physics, Vol. 15, pp. 492-503. 1974. 2-19 Lysmer, J., and K. L. Kuhlemeyer. "Finite Dynamic Model for Infinite Media." Journal of Engineering Mechanics, ASCE, Vol. 95, pp. 859-877. 1969. 2-20 Lysmer, J., and G. Waas, "Shear Waves in Plane Infinite Structures," Joumal of Engineering Mechanics, ASCE, Vol. 98, pp. 85- 105. 1972. 2-21 Lysmer, J. "Analytical Procedures in Soil Dynamics." ASCE Specialty Conference, Pasadena, California. 1978. 2-22 Castellani, A., A. Peano, and L. Sardella. "On Analytical and Numerical Techniques for Seismic Analysis of Topographic Irregularities." Proceedings of the 7th European Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Athens, Greece, Vol. 2, pp. 415-423. 1982. 2-23 Ohtsuki, A., and K. Harumi. "Effects of Topography and Subsurface Inhomogeneities on Seismic SV Waves." Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, Vol. 11, pp. 441-462. 1983.

129 2-24 Chen, H., and J. Wang. 1987. "Free-Field Seismic Motions at Arch Dam Canyon." China-US Workshop on Earthquake Behavior of Arch Dams, Tsinghua University, Beijing. June l9B7. 2-25 Sanchez-Sesma, F. J., E. Faccioli, and R. Fregonese. "An Index for Measuring the Effects of Topography on Seismic Ground Motion Intensity." Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, Vol. 14, pp. 719-734. 1986. 2-26 Lee, V. W. "A Note on the Scattering of Elastic Plane Waves by a Hemispherical Canyon." Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, Vol. 1, pp. 122-129. 1982. 2-27 Sanchez-Sesma, F. J. "Diffraction of Elastic Waves by Three-Dimensional Surface Irregularities." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, Vol. 73, No. 6, pp. 1621-1636. 1983. 2-28 Reimer, R. B., R. W. Clough, and J. M. Raphael. "Seismic Response of Pacoima Dam in the San Femando Earthquake." Proceedings, 5th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Rome, Vol. 2, pp. 2328-2337. 1974. 2-29 "Earthquake Engineering Research." Report by the National Research Council Committee on Earthquake Engineering. National Academy Press, Washington, D.C. 1982. 2-30 Shinozaka, M. Stochastic fields and their digital simulation. Lecture Notes, CISM Course on Stochastic Methods in Structural Mechanics, Udine, Italy (August 28-30). 1985. 2-31 Vanmarcke, E. Random Fields, Analysis and Synthesis. The MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts. 1 984. 2-32 Loh, C. H. "Analysis of the Spatial Variation of Seismic Waves and Ground Movements from SMART-1 Array Data." Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, Vol. 13, pp. 561-581. 1985. 2-33 Vanmarcke, E. H., and R. S. Harichandran. "Models of the Spatial Variation of Ground Motion for Seismic Analysis of Structures." Proceedings of the 8th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, San Francisco, Vol. 2, pp. 597-604. 1984. 2-34 Abrahamson, N. A., and B. A. Bolt. "The Spatial Variation of the Phase of Seismic Strong Ground Motion." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, Vol. 75, No. 5, pp. 1247-1264. 1985. 2-35 Loh, C., H. J. Penzien, and Y. B. Tsai. "Engineering Analysis of SMART-1 Array Accelerograms." Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, Vol. 10, pp. 575- 591. 1982. 2-36 Okamoto, S., M. Yoshida, and K. Nakayama. "Observation of Dams During Earthquakes." Eighth Congress, ICOLD, Edinburgh, Q. 29, R. 15, pp. 261-293. 1964. [Note: Q and R are standard ICOLD designations for Questions, Communications, and Reports. They are a standard part of reference identification for ICOLD.] 2-37 Okamoto, S., M. Yoshida, K. Kato, and M. Hakuno. "Dynamic Behavior of an Arch

130 Dam During Earthquakes." Report of the Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Vol. 14, No. 2, pp. 54-119. December 1964. 2-38 Alarcon, P. N. "Dynamic Behavior of Concrete Gravity Dams During Earthquakes." Individual Studies, International Institute of Seismology and Earthquake Engineering, Tokyo, Vol. 11, November, pp. 192-206. 1975. 2-39 Nose, M. "Observation and Measurement of Dynamic Behavior of the Kurobe Dam." Tenth Congress, ICOLD, Montreal, C4, pp. 461479. 1970. [Note: C is a standard ICOLD designation for Reports. It is a standard part of reference identification for ICOLD.] 2-40 Mickey, W. V., V. Perez, and W. K. Cloud. "Amplification Studies of the Pacoima Dam from Aftershocks of the San Fernando Earthquake." Proceedings, 5th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Rome, Vol. 1, pp. 755-762. 1974. 2-41 Davis, L. L., and L. R. West. "Observed Effects of Topography on Ground Motion." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, Vol. 63, No. 1, pp. 283-298. 1973. 2-42 Chang, F. K. "The Effects of Elevation and Site Conditions on Ground Motion of the San Femando, Califomia, Earthquake, 9 February 1971." Proceedings of the 7th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Vol. 2, Istanbul, Turkey, pp. 207-214. 1980. 2-43 Castoldi, A. "Contribution of Surveillance to the Evaluation of the Seismic Efficiency of Dams, Example of the Ambiesta Dam." Seminar on Constructions in Seismic Zones, Bergamo, pp. 107- 118. 1978. 2-44 Skorik, L. A. "Analysis of the Earthquake Records in the Region of the Chirkey Hydroelectric Station." Translated from Gidrotekhnicheskoe Stroitel'stvo, No. 2, pp. 25-28. 1981. 2-45 "CSMIP Strong Motion Records from the Whittier, CA, Earthquake of 1 October 1987." Report OSMS 87-05, California Department of Conservation, Division of Mines and Geology. 1987. 2-46 Chang, S. C., I. C. Tsai, C. S. Yeh, C. C. Chem, D. C. Dzong, and Y. P. Hwang. "A Study on Seismic Response of the Techi Arch Dam." CEER Report R76-14, National Taiwan University. 1987. 2-47 Fujii, T., K. Egawa, and I. Kateyama. "Seismic Response of Nagawado Arch Dam." China-U.S. Workshop on Earthquake Behavior of Arch Dams, Beijing, People's Republic of China. 1987. 2-48 Katayama, I., and T. Tsuzuki. "Dynamic Modeling Experience in Simulating Earthquake Response of an Arch Dam." China-U.S. Workshop on Earthquake Behavior of Arch Dams, Beijing, People's Republic of China. 1987. 2-49 Lyatkher, V. M., A. D. Kaptsan, and I. V. Semenov. "Seismic Stability of the Toktogul Dam." Translated from Gidrotekhnicheskoe Stroitel'stvo, No. 2, pp. 8-14. 1977. 2-50 Zhang, G., Z. Zeng, Q. Wang, and W. Li. "Study of Dynamic Characteristics and Seismic Response of Arch Dam Abutment." China-U.S. Workshop on Earthquake Behavior of Arch Dams, Beijing, People's Republic of China. 1987.

131 Calciati, F., A. Castoldi, R. Ciacci, and M. Fanelli. "Experience Gained During In Situ Artificial and Natural Dynamic Excitation of Large Concrete Dams In Italy: Analytic Interpretation of Results." 13th Congress, ICOLD, New Delhi, Q. 51, R. 32, pp. 1377- 1402. 1979. 2-52 Dumanoglu, A. A., and R. T. Sevem. "Dynamic Response of Dams and Other Structures to Differential Ground Motions." Proceedings, Institute of Civil Engineers, Part 2, Vol. 77, pp. 333-352. 1982. ~hang, X., and J. Mail "Vibration-Response of Arch Dams with Time-Lag Between Abutments." International Symposium on Earthquakes and Dams, China National Committee on Large Dams, Vol. 1, pp. 219-232. Beijing, People's Republic of China. May 1987. 2-54 Chen, H., and S. Hou. "Effect of Seismic Traveling Waves on the Response of Arch Dams." China-U.S. Workshop on Earthquake Behavior of Arch Dams, Beijing, People's Republic of China. June 1987. Victoria, A. F., I. Herrera, and C. Lozano. "Hydrodynamic Pressures Generated by Vertical Earthquake Component." 4th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Santiago, Chile, B-4, pp. 25-36. 1969. 2-56 Prater, E. G., and M. Wieland. "Hydrodynamic Pressures on Dams." Criteria and Assumptions for Numerical Analysis of Dams, D. N. Naylor et al., editors, Swansea, U.K., pp. 686-707. 1975. Wieland, M. "Earthquake Resistance of a Gravity Dam-Reservoir-Foundation System." 6th European Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Dubrovnik, Yugoslavia, pp. 421- 428. 1978. 2-58 Lin, G., K. Sun, and X. Guo. "Dam-Reservoir-Foundation Interaction Analysis of Arch Dams." China-U.S. Workshop on Earthquake Behavior of Arch Dams, Beijing, People's Republic of China. June 1987. 2-59 Zhang, G., C. Zhao, and G. Wang. "A New Seismic Wave Input Procedure for Arch Dam Foundations." China-U.S. Workshop on Earthquake Behavior of Arch Dams, Beijing, People's Republic of China. June 1987. 2-60 Nowak, P. S., and J. F. Hall. "Arch Dam Response to Nonuniform Seismic Input." Joumal of Engineering Mechanics, ASCE, Vol. 116, No. 1. January 1990. 2-61 Dreher, K. J. "Seismic Analysis and Design Considerations for Concrete Dams." Proceedings, Conference on Dams and Earthquakes, Institution of Civil Engineers, London. October 1980. 2-62 Gilg, B., et al. "Special Design of Steno Arch Dam in Greece in Relation with Possible Fault Movements." Intemational Symposium on Earthquakes and Dams, Vol. 1, Chinese National Committee on Large Dams, Beijing, People's Republic of China. May 1987. Leps, T. M. "The Influence of Possible Fault Offsets on Dam Design." Water Power and Dam Construction, Vol. 41, No. 4. April 1989.

132 2-64 Peugh, V. L. Technical Report on the Construction of Morris Dam. Pasadena Water Department, Pasadena, Califomia. 1935. 2-65 Hatton, J. W., J. C. Black, and P. F. Foster. "New Zealand's Clyde Power Station." Water Power and Dam Construction, Vol. 39, No. 12. December 1987. 2-66 Bolt, B. A., and D. E. Hudson. "Seismic Instrumentation of Dams." Joumal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division, ASCE, Vol. 101, No. GT1 1. November 1975. 2-67 Iwan, W. D., Ed. Strong-Motion Earthquake Instrumentation Arrays. International Workshop on Strong-Motion Earthquake Instrument Arrays, Honolulu, Hawaii. May 1978. 2-68 Iwan, W. D., Ed. U.S. Strong-Motion Earthquake Instrumentation, U.S. National Workshop on Strong-Motion Earthquake Instrumentation, Santa Barbara, Califomia. April 1981. 2-69 USCOLD. Compilation of United States dams with strong motion instruments and reservoir seismicity networks. USCOLD Committee on Earthquakes. 1985. 2-70 MacDonald, R., and A. Viksne. "Strong Motion Instrumentation in Bureau of Reclamation Programs." Bureau of Reclamation. 1980. Chapter 3 3-1 U.S. Bureau of Reclamation. Arch dams. In Concrete Dams (Chapter 1). Design Standards No. 2. Denver: U.S. Department of the Interior. 1965. 3-2 U.S. Bureau of Reclamation. Gravity dams. In Concrete Dams (Chapter 2). Design Standards No. 2. Denver: U.S. Department of the Interior. 1966. 3-3 Westergaard, H. M. Water pressures on dams during earthquakes. Transactions ASCE, Paper No. 1835,98:418-472. 1933. 3-4 Zangar, C. N. Hydrodynamic pressures on dams due to horizontal earthquake effects. Engineering Monograph No. 11, Bureau of Reclamation. 1952. 3-5 UNESCO Committee of Experts. Koyna earthquake of December 11, 1967, New Delhi. 1968. 3-6 Chopra, A. K., and P. Chakrabarti. The Koyna earthquake and the damage to Koyna Dam. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, Vol. 63, No. 2, pp. 381-397. 1973. 3-7 Structural Engineers Association of Califomia, recommended lateral force requirements and tentative commentary. San Francisco, Califomia. 1988. 3-8 Fenves, G., and A. K. Chopra. Reservoir bottom absorption effects in earthquake response of concrete gravity dams. Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 111, No.3, pp.545-562. 1985. 3-9 U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Gravity dam design. Design Manual EM 11 10-2-2200. Washington, D.C. 1958.

133 3-10 Chopra, A. K. Earthquake response of concrete gravity dams. Joumal of Engineering Mechanics, ASCE, Vol. 96, No. EM4, pp. 443-454. 1970. 3-11 Fok, K. L., and A. K. Chopra. Hydrodynamic and foundation flexibility effects in earthquake response of arch dams. Joumal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 112, No. 8, pp. 1810-1828. 1986. 3-12 U.S. Bureau of Reclamation. Design of arch dams. Denver: U.S. Government Printing Office. 1977. 3-13 Zienkiewicz, O. C., and B. Nath. Earthquake hydrodynamic pressures on arch dams- an electric analog solution. Proceedings, Institute of Civil Engineers, Vol. 25, pp. 165- 176. 1963. 3-14 Back, P. A. A., A. C. Cassell, R. Dungar, D. R. Gaukroger, and R. T. Severn. The seismic design of a double curvature arch dam. Proceedings, Institute of Civil Engineers, Vol. 43. 1969. 3-15 Kuo, J. S. H. Fluid-structure interactions: added mass computations for incompressible fluid. Report No. UCB/EERC-82/09. University of California, Berkeley. 1982. 3-16 U.S. Bureau of Reclamation. Printing Office. 1976. Design of gravity dams. Denver: U.S. Govemment 3-17 Clough, R. W. Nonlinear mechanisms in the seismic response of arch dams. Intemational Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Skopje, Yugoslavia. 1980. 3-18 Tarbox, G. S., K. Dreher, and L. Carpenter. Seismic analysis of concrete dams. Transactions, 13th International Congress on Large Dams, New Delhi, Vol. 2, pp. 963-994. 1979. 3-19 Chopra, A. K. Earthquake behavior of reservoir-dam systems. Joumal of Engineering Mechanics, ASCE, Vol. 94, No. EM6, pp. 1475-1500. 1968. 3-20 Fok, K. L., and A. K. Chopra. Water compressibility in earthquake response of arch dams. Joumal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 113, No. 5, pp. 958-975. 1987. Chopra, A. K. Earthquake analysis, design, and safety evaluation of concrete dams. Keynote paper, Proceedings, Fifth Canadian Conference on Earthquake Engineering, July 1987, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, published by A. A. Balkema, Rotterdam, pp. 39- 62. 1987. 3-22 Fenves, G., and A. K. Chopra. Earthquake analysis of concrete gravity dams including reservoir bottom absorption and dam-water-foundation rock interaction. Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, Vol. 12, No. 5, pp. 663-680. 1984. 3-23 Lotfi, V., J. M. Roesset, and J. L. Tassoulas. A technique for the analysis of the response of dams to earthquakes. Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, Vol. 15, No. 4, pp. 463-490. 1987. 3-24 Fok, K. L., and A. K. Chopra. Earthquake analysis of arch dams including dam-water interaction, reservoir boundary absorption, and foundation flexibility. Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics. Vol. 14, No. 2, pp. 155-184. 1986.

134 3-25 Clough, R. W., and J. Penzien. Dynamics of Structures. New York: McGraw-Hill. 1975. 3-26 Clough, R. W., Y. Ghaneat, and X. F. Qiu. Dynamic reservoir interaction with Monticello Dam. Report No. UCB/EERC-87/21. University of Califomia, Berkeley. 1987. 3-27 Katayama, I., and T. Tsuzuki. Dynamic modelling experience in simulating earthquake response of an arch dam. Proceedings, Joint China-U.S. Workshop on Eanhquake Behavior of Arch Dams, Beijing, People's Republic of China. 1987. 3-28 U.S. Bureau of Reclamation. Design of Small Dams. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Govemment Printing Office. 1974. 3-29 Chopra, A. K. Earthquake resistant design of concrete gravity dams. Joumal of Structural Division, ASCE, Vol. 104, No. ST6, pp. 953-971. 1978. 3-30 Fenves, G., and A. K. Chopra. Simplified earthquake analysis of concrete gravity dams. Joumal of the Structural Engineering Division, ASCE, Vol. 113, No. 8, pp. 1688-170B. 1987. Chopra, A. K. and P. Chakrabarti. The earthquake experience at Koyna Dam and stresses in concrete dams. Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 151-164. 1972. Chapter 4 4-1 Karson, I. K., and J. O. Jirsa. "Behavior of Concrete Under Compressive Loadings." Journal of the Structural Engineering Division, ASCE, Vol. 95, No. ST12, pp. 2543- 2563. 1969. 4-2 Hall, J. F. "Study of the Earthquake Response of Pine Flat Dam." Eanhquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics. Vol. 14, pp. 281-295. 1986. 4-3 Niwa, A., and R. W. Clough. "Shaking Table Research on Concrete Dam Models." Report No. UCB/EERC-80/05. Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of Califomia, Berkeley. 1980. 4-4 Mish, K. D., and L. R. Herrmann. "The Solution of Large Time Dependent Problems Using Reduced Coordinates." Report CR.87.012. Naval Civil Engineering Laboratory, Port Hueneme, Califomia. 1987. 4-5 Rowe, D., and V. Schricker. "Seismic Analysis of Structures with Localized Nonlinearities." Proceedings, 8th World Conference on Eanhquake Engineering, San Francisco, Vol. 4, pp. 475-482. 1984. 4-6 Chapuis, J., B. Rebora, and Th. Zimmermann. "Numerical Approach of Crack Propagation Analysis in Gravity Dams During Earthquakes." Proceedings, 15th Congress, Intemational Congress on Large Dams, Lausanne. 1985. Norman, C. D., and F. A. Anderson. "Reanalysis of Cracking in Large Concrete Dams

135 in the US Anny Corps of Engineers." Proceedings, 15th Congress, International Congress on Large Dams, Lausanne. 1985. 4-8 Department of the Army. "Earthquake Analysis and Design of Concrete Gravity Dams." U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Engineenng Technical Letter 1110-2-303, Washington, D.C. 1985. 4-9 Mlakar, P. F. "Nonlinear Response of Concrete Gravity Dams to Strong Earthquake- Induced Ground Motion." Computers and Structures, Vol. 26, No. 112, pp. 165-173. 1987. 4-10 ASCE. Finite Element Analysis of Reinforced Concrete. 1982. 4-11 ASCE. Finite Element Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Structures, C. Meyer and H. Okamura, eds. 1986. 4-12 Raphael, J. M. "Tensile Strength of Concrete." Joumal of the American Concrete Institute, Vol. 81, No. 2, pp. 151-165. March-April 1984. 4-13 Cedolin, L., S. D. Poll, and I. Iori. "Tensile Behavior of Concrete." Journal of Engineering Mechanics, ASCE, Vol. 1 13, No. 3, pp. 431-449. 1987. 4-14 Hatano, T. "Dynamical Behavior of Concrete Under Impulsive Tensile Load." Technical Report No. C-6002. Central Research Institute of the Electric Power Industry, Tokyo. 1960. 4-15 Mlakar, P. F., K. P. Vitaya-Udom, and R. A. Cole. "Dynamic Tensile-Compressive Behavior of Concrete." Joumal of the American Concrete Institute, Vol. 82, No. 2, pp. 454-491 . 1985. 4-16 Ngo, D., and A. C. Scordelis. "Finite Element Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Beams." Joumal of the American Concrete Institute, Vol. 64, No. 3, pp. 152-163. 1967. 4-17 Nilson, A. H. "Nonlinear Analysis of Reinforced Concrete by the Finite Element Method." Joumal of the American Concrete Institute, Vol. 65, No. 9, pp. 757-766. 1968. 4-18 Rashid, Y. R. "Analysis of Prestressed Concrete Pressure Vessels." Nuclear Engineering and Design, Vol. 7, No. 4, pp. 334-344. 1968. 4-19 Kupfer, H. B., and K. H. Gerstle. "Behavior of Concrete Under Biaxial Stress." Journal of the Engineering Mechanics Division, ASCE, Vol. 99, No. EM4, pp. 853-866. 1973. 4-20 Bazant, Z. P., and L. Cedolin. "Blunt Crack Band Propagation in Finite Element Analysis." Joumal of the Engineering Mechanics Division, ASCE, Vol. 105, No. EM2, pp. 292-315. 1979. 4-21 Bazant, Z. P., and L. Cedolin. "Finite Element Modeling of Crack Band Propagation." Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 109, No. 1, pp. 69-92. 1983. 4-22 Bazant, Z. P., and B. H. Oh. "Crack Band Theory for Fracture of Concrete." Materiaux et Constructions, Vol. 16, No. 93, pp. 155-177. 1983.

136 4-23 Rots, J. G., P. Nauta, G. M. A. Kusters, and J. Blaauwendraad. "Smeared Crack Approach and Fracture Localization in Concrete." Heron, Vol. 30, No. 1. 1985. 4-24 Hillerborg, A., M. Mode'er, and P. E. Petersson. "Analysis of Crack Formation and Crack Growth in Concrete by Means of Fracture Mechanics and Finite Elements." Cement and Concrete Research, Vol. 6, pp. 773-782. 1976. 4-25 Pal, N. "Seismic Cracking of Concrete Gravity Dams." Journal of the Structural Engineering Division, ASCE, Vol. 102, No. ST9, pp. 1827-1844. 1976. 4-26 Zienkiewicz, O. C., E. Hinton, N. Bicanic, and P. Fejzo. "Computational Models for Transient Dynamic Analysis of Concrete Dams." Dams and Earthquakes, Institution of Civil Engineers, Thomas Telford Limited, London, pp. 171-178. 1981. 4-27 Bicanic, N., and O. C. Zienkiewicz. "Constitutive Model for Concrete Under Dynamic Loading." Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, Vol. 11, pp. 689-710. 1983. 4-28 Vargas-Loli, L. M., and G. L. Penves. "Effects of Concrete Cracking on the Earthquake Response of Gravity Dams." Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, Vol. 18, No. 4, pp. 575-592. 1989. 4-29 El-Aidi, B., and J. H. Hni. "Nonlinear Earthquake Response of Concrete Gravity Dams, Part I, Modeling." Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, Vol. 18, No. 6, pp. 837-851. 1989. 4-30 El-Aidi, B., and J. F. Hall. "Nonlinear Earthquake Response of Concrete Gravity Dams, Pan II, Behavior." Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, Vol. 18, No. 6, pp. 853-865. 1989. Skrikerud, P. E., and H. Bachmann. "Discrete Crack Modelling for Dynamically Loaded, Unreinforced Concrete Structures." Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, Vol. 14, No. 2, pp. 297-315. 1986. Linsbauer, H. N. "Fracture Mechanics Models for Characterizing Crack Behaviour in Concrete Gravity Dams." Proceedings, 15th Congress, International Congress on Large Dams, Lausanne. 1985. Fanelli, M., G. Ferrara, and G. Giuseppetti. "The Fracture Mechanics Researches Applied to Concrete Co-ordinated by ENEL to Study the Dam Fracture Problem." Proceedings, 15th Congress, International Congress on Large Dams, Lausanne. 1985. 4-34 Kuo, J. S. H. "Joint Opening Nonlinear Mechanisms: Interface Smeared Crack Model." Repon No. UBC/EERC-82/10. Eanhquake Engineering Research Center, University of Califomia, Berkeley. 1982. 4-35 Graves, R. H., and K. N. Derucher. "~terface Smeared Crack Model Analysis of Concrete Dams in Eanhquakes." Joumal of Engineering Mechanics, ASCE, Vol. 113, No. 1 1, Nov., pp. 1678-1693. 1987. 4-36 Hall, J. F., and M. J. Dowling. "Response of Jointed Arches to Eanhquake Excitation." Eanhquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, Vol. 13, No. 6, pp. 779-798. 1985.

137 4-37 Dowling, M. J. "Nonlinear Seismic Analysis of Arch Dams." Report No. EERL 87-03. Earthquake Engineenng Research Laboratory, Califomia Institute of Technology, Pasadena. 1987. 4-38 Dowling, J. J., and J. F. Hall. "Nonlinear Seismic Analysis of Arch Dams." Journal of Engineering Mechanics, ASCE, Vol. 115, No. 4, pp. 768-789. 1989. 4-39 Clough, R. W., and C. H. Chang. "Seismic Cavitation Effects on Gravity Dam Reservoirs." Numerical Methods in Coupled Systems, R. W. Lewis, P. Bettess, and E. Hinton, eds., Chichester: John Wiley Sons. 1984 4-40 Zienkiewicz, O. C., D. K. Paul, and E. Hinton. "Cavitation in Fluid-Structure Response (with Particular Emphasis to Dams Under Earthquake Loading)." Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, Vol. 11, No. 4, pp. 463-481. 1983. 4-41 Fenves, G., and L. M. Vargas-Loli. "Nonlinear Response of Concrete Gravity Dams." Proceedings, Ninth World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Tokyo-Kyoto, Japan. Vol. VI, pp. 343-348. 1988. Chapter 5 Shen, C. K., et al. "Earthquakes Induced by Reservoir Impounding and Their Effect on Hsinfengkiang Dam." Scientia Sinica, Vol. 17, No. 2, April 1974 (also Proceedings of the 11th Intemational Congress on Large Dams, Madrid, Spain, 1973). 1974. Wahler, W. A., and Associates. Final Report, Investigation of Seismic Stability of Lower Crystal Springs Dam, Report to San Francisco Water Department (November). 1977. Wulff, J. G., and R. C. Van Orden. "Evaluation of the Earthquake Stability of Lower Crystal Springs Dam, California, U.S.A." Proceedings of the 13th Intemational Congress on Large Dams, Question 51, New Delhi, India. 1979. 5-4 Intemational Engineering Company, Inc. Pacoima Arch Dam, Investigation and Evaluation of Effects of San Femando Earthquake, Report to Los Angeles County Hood Control District. August 1972. 5-5 Swanson, A. A., and R. P. Sharma. "Effects of the 1971 San Fernando Earthquake on Pacoima Arch Dam." Proceedings of the 13th Intemational Congress on Large Dams, Question 51, New Delhi, India. 1979. 5-6 Hansen, K. D., and L. H. Roehm. "The Response of Concrete Dams to Earthquakes." Water Power and Dam Construction, Vol. 31, No. 4, pp. 27-31. April 1979. 5-7 Tardieu, B., and J. Benrand. "Calculation of Arch Dams Subjected to Earthquakes Antiseismic Design of Arch Dams." Intemational Symposium on Earthquakes and Dams, Vol.l, Chinese National Committee on Large Dams, Beijing, People's Republic of China. May 1987. Flinn, A. D. "Earthquakes, Ice Pressure, and Deterioration of Concrete." Arch Dam Investigation, Vol. 1, American Society of Civil Engineers (Engineering Foundation Committee on Arch Dam Investigation). November 1927.

138 5-9 Hsu, T. H., et al. "Strong Motion Observation of Water Induced Earthquakes at Hsinfengkiang Reservoir in China." Engineering Geology, Vol. 10, pp. 315-330. 1976. 5-10 Earthquake Recordings On or Near Dams. United States Commission on Large Dams (USCOLD). November 1977. 5-11 Iida, R., N. Matsumoto, and S. Kondo. "Comparison of the Measured and Computed Responses of the Yuda Dam During the July 6, 1976 and June 12, 1978 Earthquakes." Proceedings of the 11th Joint U.S.-Japan Panel Conference on Wind and Seismic Effects. National Bureau of Standards. Washington, D.C. July 1983. 5-12 Kuroda, S., and K. Baba. "Seismic Observations and Lessons Leamt from Characteristics of Rock Motion and Responses of Dams During Earthquakes." Proceedings of the 15th International Congress on Large Dams, Question 56, Lausanne, Switzerland. 1985. 5-13 Castoldi, A. "New Criteria for the Seismic Monitoring of Dams: A Dynamic Active Surveillance System." Proceedings of Joint China-U.S. Workshop on Earthquake Behavior of Arch Dams, Beijing, People's Republic of China. 1987. 5-14 Okamoto, S., and T. Takahashi. "On Behaviors of an Arch Dam During Earthquakes." Proceedings of the 2nd World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Vol. 2, Tokyo, Japan. 1960. 5-15 California Division of Mines and Geology. Personal communication to John Hall. 5-16 Okamoto, S. Introduction to Earthquake Engineering. University of Tokyo Press. 1984. 5-17 O'Donnell, K. O. "Surveillance of Corps of Engineers Structures in Earthquake-Prone Areas." Proceedings of the 7th Joint U.S.-Japan Panel Conference on Wind and Seismic Effects, National Bureau of Standards, Washington, D.C. April 1977. 5-18 Lindvall, Richter, and Associates. Final Report for Investigation and Reanalysis of the Big Tujunga Dam. Report to Los Angeles County Flood Control District. October 1975. 5-19 Scott, R. F., and J. B. Hoemer. "Field Test of Finite Element Concrete Dam Analysis." Proceedings of the 7th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Vol. 7, Istanbul, Turkey. September 1980. 5-20 Saini, S. S., and J. Krishna. "Overtuming of Top Profile of the Koyna Dam During Severe Ground Motion." Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, Vol. 2, No. 3, pp 207-217. January-March 1974. 5-21 Chen, H. Q., et al. "Dynamic Stability Analysis of Cracked Top Portion of the Xinfeng.iiang Concrete Diamond Head Buttress Dam." Proceedings of US-PRC Bilateral Workshop on Earthquake Engineering, Harbin, People's Republic of China. August 1982. 5-22 Sevem, R. T., A. P. Jeary, and B. R. Ellis. "Forced Vibration Tests and Theoretical Studies on Dams." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers, Part 2, Vol. 69, pp. 605-634. September 1980.

139 5-23 Ellis, B. R., A. P. Jeary, and R. T. Sevem. "Lessons from Prototype Dynamic Measurements and Corresponding Analyses." Proceedings of the 15th International Congress on Large Dams, Question 56, Lausanne, Switzerland. 1985. 5-24 Hatano, T., and T. Takahashi. The Stability of an Arch Dam Against Earthquakes. Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, Report No. C-5607, Tokyo, Japan. February 1957. 5-25 Hatano, T., T. Takahasi, and H. Tsutsumi. Dynamical Study of Tsukabaru Gravity Dam. Central Research Institute of Electrical Power Industry, Report No. C-5801, Tokyo, Japan. June 1958. 5-26 Zhu, W., X. Luo, S. Liu, and D. Liu. "Prototype Dynamic Test and Theoretical Analysis of a Concrete Gravity Dam." Proceedings of the 8th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Vol. ?. San Francisco, Califomia. 1984. Calciati, F., et al. "In Situ Tests for the Determination of the Dynamic Characteristics of Some Italian Dams." Proceedings of the 6th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Vol. 3, New Delhi, India. 1977. 5-28 Rea, D., C. Y. Liaw, and A. K. Chopra. Dynamic Properties of Pine Flat Dam. Report No. EERC 72-7. Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of Califomia, Berkeley. December 1972. 5-29 Rea, D., C. Y. Liaw, and A. K. Chopra. "Mathematical Models for the Dynamic Analysis of Concrete Gravity Dams." Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, Vol. 3, No. 3, pp. 249-258. January-March 1975. 5-30 Clough, R. W., K. T. Chang, et. al. Dynamic Response Behavior of Xiang Hong Dian Dam. Report No. UCB/EERC 84/02. Earthquake Engineenng Research Center, University of Califomia, Berkeley. April 1984. 5-31 Clough, R. W., K. T. Chang, et al. "Vibration Behavior of Xiang Hong Dian Dam." Proceedings of the 8th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Vol. 5, San Francisco, Califomia. 1 984. 5-32 Deinum, P. J., R. Dungar, B. R. Ellis, A. P. Jeary, G. A. L. Reed, and R. T. Sevem. "Vibration Tests on Emosson Arch Dam, Switzerland." Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, Vol. 10, No. 3, pp. 447-470. May-June 1982. 5-33 Luo, X., W. Zhu, and N. Shen. "Vibration Tests and Analysis of Arch Dams." Proceedings of US-PRC Bilateral Workshop on Earthquake Engineering, Harbin, People's Republic of China. August 1982. 5-34 Flesch, R., and M. Eiselmayer. "Dynamic In-Situ Tests on Kolnbrein Arch Dam (Austria)." Proceedings of the 7th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Vol. 8, Istanbul, Turkey. 1980. FIesch, R., and M. Eiselmayer. "Dynamic Behavior of Arch Dams." Proceedings of the 7th European Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Vol. 6, Athens, Greece. 1982.

140 5-36 Rouse, G. C., and J. G. Bonwkamp. Vibration Studies of Monticello Dam. A Water Resources Technical Publication. Research Report No. 9. Bureau of Reclamation, Denver, Colorado. 1967. 5-37 Bouwkamp, J. G. Forced Vibration Tests of Morrow Point Dam. Report to Bureau of Reclamation. June 1971. 5-38 Stephen, R. M. Forced Vibration Tests, Morrow Point Dam. Service to Industry Report No. 72-15. University of California, Berkeley. December 1972. 5-39 Duron, Z. H., and J. F. Hall. "Experimental and Finite Element Studies of the Forced Vibration Response of Morrow Point Dam." Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, Vol. 16, No. 7, pp. 1021-1039. October 1988. 5-40 Clough, R. W., K. T. Chang, et al. Dynamic Response Behavior of Quan Shui Dam. Earthquake Engineering Research Center Report No. UCB/EERC 84/20. University of California, Berkeley. November 1984. 5-41 Yoshida, T., and K. Baba. "Dynamic Response of Dams." Proceedings of the 3rd World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Vol. 2, Auckland, New Zealand. 1965. 5-42 Takahashi, T. "Results of Vibration Tests and Earthquake Observations on Concrete Dams and Their Considerations." Proceedings of the 8th Intemational Congress on Large Dams, Question 29, Edinburgh, Scotland. 1964. Paskalov, T. A., J. T. Petrovski, and D. V. Jurukovski. "Full-Scale Forced Vibration Studies and Mathematical Model Formulation of Arch Concrete Dams." Dams and Earthquakes, Institution of Civil Engineers, London, England, 1981. Also Proceedings of the Intemational Research Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Skopje, Yugoslavia, 1980. 5-44 Severn, R. T., A. P. Jeary, B. R. Ellis, and R. Dungar. "Prototype Dynamic Studies on a Rockfill Dam and on a Buttress Dam." Proceedings of the 13th Intemational Congress on Large Dams, Question 51, New Delhi, India. 1979. 5-45 Oberti, G., and A. Castoldi. "The Use of Models in Assessing the Behavior of Concrete Dams." Dams and Earthquake, Institution of Civil Engineers, London, England, 1981. Also ISMES Report No. 129, Bergamo, Italy, October 1980. 5-46 Clough, R. W., R. M. Stephen, and J. S. H. Kilo. Dynamic Response Analysis of Techi Dam. Report No. UCB/EERC 82/11. Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of Califomia, Berkeley. August 1982. 5-47 Mau, S. T. A Preliminary Study on the Dynamic Characteristics of Techi Dam. Research Center for Earthquake Engineering, National Taiwan University. June 1980. 5-48 ENEL/.CRIS and ISMES/DPD. "An Overview of In-Situ Dynamic Tests on Concrete Dams." Intemational Symposium on Earthquakes and Dams, Vol. 1. Chinese National Committee on Large Dams, Beijing, People's Republic of China. May 1987. 5-49 Takahashi, T., and C. Tamura. "Field Vibration Tests on Dams—Examples of an Arch Dam and a Rockfill Dam." Some Recent Earthquake Engineering Research and Practice

141 in Japan. Japanese National Committee of the Intemational Association for Earthquake Engineering, Tokyo, Japan. May 1973. 5-50 Hall, J. F. "The Dynamic and Earthquake Behavior of Concrete Dams: Review of Experimental Behavior and Observational Evidence." Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, Vol. 7, No. 2, pp. 58-121. April 1988. 5-51 Chen, H., S. Hou, and D. Yang. "Study on Arch DamReservoir Interaction." Intemational Symposium on Earthquakes and Dams, Vol. 1. Chinese National Committee on Large Dams, Beijing, People's Republic of China. May 1987. 5-52 Sevem, R. T. "The Aseismic Design of Concrete Dams." Water Power and Dam Construction, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp. 37-38, January 1976 (Part One) and Vol. 28, No. 2, pp. 41-46, February 1976 (Part Two). 5-53 Norman, C. D., R. D. Crowson, and J. P. Balsara. Dynamic Response Characteristics of a Model Arch Dam. Technical Report N-76-3. U.S. Ammy Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg, Mississippi, March 1976. Also Proceedings of the 8th Joint U.S.- Japan Panel Conference on Wind and Seismic Effects, National Bureau of Standards, Washington, D.C., May 1976. 5-54 Balsara, J. P., and C. D. Nomman. "Vibration Tests and Analysis of a Model Arch Dam." Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, Vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 167-177. October-December 1975. 5-55 Norman, C. D., and H. E. Stone. Comparison of Vibration Test Results for a Model and Prototype Gravity Dam. Technical Report SL-8 1-7. U.S. Army Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg, Mississippi. October 1981. Altinisik, D., et al. "Aseismic Design of Arch Dams: Particularly the Contribution from the Reservoir, and Multiple Support Excitation of the Base." Dams and Earthquake, Institution of Civil Engineers, London, England. 1981. 5-57 Chen, H., D. Yang, and S. Hou. "Preliminary Experimental Study on Compressibility of Reservoir Water." Intemational Symposium on Earthquakes and Dams, Vol. 1, Chinese National Committee on Large Dams, Beijing, People's Republic of China. May 1987. 5-58 Hatano, T. "An Examination on the Resonance of Hydrodynamic Pressure During Earthquakes Due to Elasticity of Water." Proceedings of the Japanese Society of Civil Engineers (in Japanese). 1966. 5-59 Selby, A., and R. T. Sevem. "An Experimental Assessment of the Added Mass of Some Plates Vibrating in Water." Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 189-200. October-December 1972. 5-60 Chopra, A. K., and P. Chakrabarti. "Dynamics of Gravity Dams Significance of Compressibility of Water and Three-Dimensional Effects." Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, Letter to the Editor, Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 103-104. July-September 1973.

142 5-61 Oberti, G., and E. Lauletta. "Dynamic Tests on Models of Structures." Proceedings of the 2nd World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Vol. 2, Tokyo, Japan. 1960. 5-62 Baba, K. "Model and Full-Scale Concrete Dam Studies in Japan." Proceedings of the Intemational Research Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Skopje, Yugoslavia. 1980. 5-63 Bakhtin, B. M., and V. I. Dumenko. "Seismic Stability of a Concrete Gravity Dam Having a Lightweight Profile." Hydrotechnical Construction (translated from Gidrotekhnicheskoe Stroitel'stvo), No. 5, pp. 604-610. May 1979. 5-64 Gutidze, P. A. "Model Investigations of Seismic Action on the Concrete Arch Dam of the Inguri Hydroelectric Station." Hydrotechnical Construction (translated from Gidrotekhnicheskoe Stroitel'stvo), No. 11, pp. 445-450. November 1985. 5-65 Donlon, W. P. "Experimental Investigation of the Nonlinear Seismic Response of Concrete Gravity Dams." Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory. Report No. 89-01. California Institute of Technology, Pasadena. 1989. 5-66 Napetvaridze, S. G. "Expenmental Studies and Design Experience for Dam Seismic Resistance in the USSR." Proceedings of the Intemational Research Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Skopje, Yugoslavia. 1980. 5-67 Oberti, G., and E. Lauletta. "Structural Models for the Study of Dam Earthquake Resistance." Proceedings of the 9th Intemational Congress on Large Dams, Question 35, Istanbul, Turkey. 1967. 5-68 Castoldi, A. "The Utilization of Models in the Investigation of the Seismic Behavior of Arch Dams." Proceedings of the International Research Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Skopje, Yugoslavia. 1980. 5-69 Oberti, G. Contnbution of Models to the Modern Design and Safety Control of Large Concrete Dams. ISMES Report No. 116, Bergamo, Italy. 1979. 5-70 Oberti, G. Model Analysis of Modem Large Dams. ISMES Report No. 127, Bergamo, Italy. 1 980. 5-71 gorges, J. F., J. Pereira, A. Ravara, and J. Pedro. "Seismic Studies on Concrete Dam Models." Symposium on Concrete Dam Models, LNEC, Lisbon, Portugal. October 1963. 5-72 Pedro, J. O., and J. M. J. Pereira. "Models for Seismic Analysis of Arch Dams." Proceedings of the 13th Intemational Congress on Large Dams, Question 51, New Delhi, India. 1979. Taskov, L., and D. Jurukovski. "Experimental Field and Laboratory Studies of Dynamic Behaviour of Arch Dams, Part II, Shaking Table Tests of an Arch Dam Fragment." Proceedings of Joint China-U.S. Workshop on Earthquake Behavior of Arch Dams, Beijing, People's Republic of China. 1987.

143 Chapter 6 6-1 Bureau of Reelamation. Design Criteria for Concrete Areh and Gravity Dams. Engineering Monograph No. 19. U.S. Department of the Interior, Denver, Colorado. September 1974. 6-2 Bureau of Reelamation. Design and Analysis of Aubum Dam, Volume Three~tatie Studies. U.S. Department of theInterior, Denver, Colorado. August 1980. Bureau of Reelamation. Properties of Mass Conerete in Bureau of Reelamation Dams. Conerete Laboratory Report No. C-1009. U.S. Department of the Interior, Denver, Colorado. December 1961. 6-4 Stone & Webster Engineering Corp. Seismic Analyses of Baker River Dams Volume 3, Upper Baker Dam. Prepared for Puget Sound Power & Light Company, Bellevue, Washington. January 1984. 6-5 Dreher, K. J. Criteria for Evaluating Seismic Perfommanee of Conerete Areh Dams. Proceedings from China-United States Workshop on Earthquake Behavior of Conerete Areh Dams, Beijing, People's Republic of China. June 1987. 6-6 6-7 6-8 6-9 Bureau of Reelamation. Feasibility Design Summary, Aubum Dam, Concrete Curved Gravity Dam Altemative (CG-3). U.S. Department of the Interior, Denver, Colorado. November 1977. Dungar, R. E1 Cajon Hydroelectric Power Plant, Areh Dam Final Design, Static and Dynamic Stress Analysis. Motor Columbus Consulting Engineers, Baden, Switzerland. May 1981. Intemational Commission on Large Dams (ICOLD). The Philosophy for Selecting Dam Design Criteria. Revised Edition. Committee on Design and Analysis of Dams. Paris, France. January 1987. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Earthquake Analysis and Design of Conerete Gravity Dams. Engineering Technical Letter No. 1 1 10-2-303. August 23, 1985. 6-10 Federal Energy Regulatory Commission. Engineering Guidelines for the Evaluation of Hydropower Projects. Office of Hydropower Licensing, Washington, D.C. July 1987. 6-11 American Conerete Institute. Building Code Requirements for Reinforced Conerete (ACI 318-83). Detroit, Michigan. 1986. 6-12 Scott, G. A., and K. J. Dreher. Dynamic Stability of Conerete Dam Foundations. Proceedings for the 5th Intemational Congress on Rock Mechanics, Melbourne, Australia. 1983. 6-13 Bureau of Reelamation. Summary of Uplift Pressures at Bureau of Reelamation Dams. Teehnieal Memorandum 636. U.S. Department of the Interior, Denver, Colorado. August 1948.

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The hazard posed by large dams has long been known. Although no concrete dam has failed as a result of earthquake activity, there have been instances of significant damage. Concerns about the seismic safety of concrete dams have been growing recently because the population at risk in locations downstream of major dams continues to expand and because the seismic design concepts in use at the time most existing dams were built were inadequate.

In this book, the committee evaluates current knowledge about the earthquake performance of concrete dams, including procedures for investigating the seismic safety of such structures. Earthquake Engineering for Concrete Dams specifically informs researchers about state-of-the-art earthquake analysis of concrete dams and identifies subject areas where additional knowledge is needed.

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