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Suggested Citation:"REFERENCES." National Research Council. 1991. Ending Mandatory Retirement for Tenured Faculty: The Consequences for Higher Education. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1795.
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References

Albert, S.P. 1986 Retirement: From rite to rights. Academe (July–August):24–26.

American Association of University Professors 1983 Statement of the Wingspread conference on evaluation of tenured faculty. (AAUP Committee A on Academic Freedom and Tenure) Academe (November–December):14a.

1990 1940 Statement of Principles on Academic Freedom and Tenure with 1970 Interpretive Comments. Policy Documents and Reports. Washington, D.C.: American Association of University Professors.

1991 The Annual Report on the Economic Status of the Profession 1990–1991 Academe (March–April):Special Issue

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Astin, A. 1980 When Does a College Deserve To Be Called ''High Quality''? Current Issues in Higher Education, No. 1. Washington, D.C.: American Association for Higher Education.

Astin, A., W. Korn, and E. Day 1991 The American College Teacher: National Norms for the 1989–90 HERI Faculty Survey. Los Angeles: Higher Education Research Institute, University of California at Los Angeles.

Atkinson, R.C. 1990 Supply and demand for scientists and engineers: A national crisis in the making. Science 248:425–432.


Baldwin, R.G., and R.T. Blackburn 1981 The academic career as a development process: Implications for higher education. Journal of Higher Education 52(6):598–614.

Bayer, A.E., and J.E. Dutton 1977 Career age and research professional activities of academic scientists: Tests of alternative nonlinear models and some implications for higher education faculty policies. Journal of Higher Education 48:259–82.

Suggested Citation:"REFERENCES." National Research Council. 1991. Ending Mandatory Retirement for Tenured Faculty: The Consequences for Higher Education. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1795.
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Biedenweg, R. 1989 Faculty and facilities. In The COHFE Faculty Planning Package. Cambridge, Mass.: Consortium on Financing Higher Education.

Biedenweg, R., and T. Keenan 1989 The faculty COHORT model. User manual. In The COFHE Faculty Planning Package. Cambridge, Mass.: Consortium on Financing Higher Education.

Blackburn, R. 1972 Faculty Responsiveness and Faculty Productivity as Functions of Age, Rank, and Tenure: Some Inferences from the Empirical Literature. Educational Resources Information Center (ERIC) Report ED 059 703, Alexandria, Va.

Blackburn, R.T., and J. H. Lawrence 1986 Aging and the quality of faculty job performance. Review of Educational Research 23(3):265–290.

Bowen, H.R., and J.H. Schuster 1986 American Professors. A National Resource Imperiled. New York: Oxford University Press.

Bowen, W.G., G. Lord, and J.A. Sosa 1991 Measuring time to the doctorate: Reinterpretation of the evidence. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 88:713–717.

Bowen, W.G., and J.A. Sosa 1989 Prospects for Faculty in the Arts and Sciences: A Study of Factors Affecting Demand and Supply, 1987–2012. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.

Burkhauser, R.V., and J.F. Quinn 1989 An economywide view of changing mandatory retirement rules. Pp. 63–71 in K.C. Holden and W.L. Hansen, eds., The End of Mandatory Retirement: Effects on Higher Education. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Carlson, E.J. 1990 Mandatory Retirement and the Tenure Contract: A Study of Faculty Retirement Behavior. Paper prepared for the Project on Faculty Retirement. Industrial Relations Section, Princeton University.

Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching 1989 The Condition of the Professoriate: Attitudes and Trends, 1989. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.

Centra, J.A. 1978 Using student assessments to improve performance and vitality. Pp. 31–49 in W.R. Kirschling, ed., Evaluating Faculty Performance and Vitality. New Directions for Institutional Research 20. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Centra, J.A., and F.R. Creech 1976 The Relationship Between Student, Teacher, and Course Characteristics and Student Ratings of Teacher Effectiveness. Report No. PR-76-1. Princeton, N.J.: Educational Testing Service.

Chronister, J.L. 1990 Characteristics and Costs Related to the Provision of Incentive Early Retirement Plans for Faculty. Paper prepared for the Committee on Manda-

Suggested Citation:"REFERENCES." National Research Council. 1991. Ending Mandatory Retirement for Tenured Faculty: The Consequences for Higher Education. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1795.
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tory Retirement in Higher Education. Center for the Study of Higher Education, University of Virginia.

Chronister, J.L., and B.M. Clevenger 1986a Early Retirement Programs for Faculty: Three Institutional Case Studies. Occasional Paper Series #12. Charlottesville, Va.: Center for the Study of Higher Education.

1986b Focus on faculty. Higher Education and National Affairs (May 19):5–8.

Chronister, J.L., and T.R. Kepple, Jr. 1987 Incentive Early Retirement Programs for Faculty: Innovative Responses to a Changing Environment. Association for the Study of Higher Education-Educational Resources Information Center (ASHE-ERIC) Higher Education Report No. 1. Washington. D.C.: Association for the Study of Higher Education.

Chronister, J.L., and A. Trainer 1985 A case study of the development of an early retirement program for university faculty. A Journal of Education Finance 11(2)(Fall):190–204.

Clark, B.R. 1987 The Academic Life: Small Worlds, Different Worlds. New York: Carnegie Foundation.

Clark. S.M., M. Corcoran, and D.R. Lewis 1986 The case for an institutional perspective on faculty development. Journal of Higher Education 57(2):178.

Commission on Academic Tenure in Higher Education 1973 Faculty Tenure. Report and Recommendations of the Commission on Academic Tenure in Higher Education. W.R. Keast and J.W. Macy, Jr., eds. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Commission on College Retirement 1990 Pension and Retirement Policies in Colleges and Universities: An Analysis and Recommendations. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Commission on the Future of Community Colleges 1988 Building Communities: A Vision for a New Century. Washington, D.C.: American Association of Community and Junior Colleges.

Committee on Assessment of Quality-Related Characteristics of Research-Doctorate Programs in the United States 1982 An Assessment of Research-Doctorate Programs in the United States. L.V. Jones, G. Lindzey, and P.E. Coggeshall, eds. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press.

Consortium on Financing Higher Education (COFHE) 1987 Early Retirement Programs for Faculty: A Survey of Thirty-Six Institutions. Cambridge, Mass.: Consortium on Financing Higher Education.

1989 COFHE Faculty Retirement Benefit Study 1988. Cambridge, Mass.: Consortium on Financing Higher Education.

Corcoran, M., and S.M. Clark 1989 Faculty Renewal and Change. Pp. 19–32 in G.G. Lozier and M.J. Dooris, eds., Managing Faculty Resources. New Directions for Institutional Research 63(Fall). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Suggested Citation:"REFERENCES." National Research Council. 1991. Ending Mandatory Retirement for Tenured Faculty: The Consequences for Higher Education. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1795.
×

Covert-McGrath, D. 1984 NACUBO report: Early and phased retirement. Business Officer (June): 13–16.

Daniels, C., and J. Daniels 1989 College and university pension plans and retirement policies: Current status. Benefits Quarterly 5(2):28–39.

1990a Retirement and the Professoriate: Questions for Today. Unpublished manuscript. School of Arts and Sciences, Eastern Connecticut State University.

1990b Voluntary retirement incentive options in higher education. Benefits Quarterly 6(2):68–78.

Douglas, J.M. 1989 Directory of Faculty Contracts and Bargaining Agents in Institutions of Higher Education. New York: National Center for the Study of Collective Bargaining in Higher Education and the Professions, Baruch College, City University of New York.


Eble, K.E., and W.J. McKeachie 1985 Improving Undergraduate Education Through Faculty Development. An Analysis of Effective Programs and Practices. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

El-Khawas, E. 1990 Campus Trends, 1990. Washington, D.C.: American Council on Education.

Employee Benefit Research Institute 1990 Preservation of Pension Benefits. Issue Brief 98. Washington, D.C.: Employee Benefits Research Institute.


Faculty Development and Renewal Subcommittee 1987 The Implications of the Aging of the Faculty in the Health Sciences with Projections of the Distribution of Age with the End of Mandatory Retirement. Report of the Faculty Development and Renewal Subcommittee of the Health Sciences Committee, University of California .

Felicetti. D.A. 1982 Retirement options to offer college faculty. Educational Record (Summer):22–26.

Finkin, M.W. 1989 Tenure after the ADEA Amendments: A different view. Pp. 97–111 in K.C. Holden and W.L. Hansen, eds., The End of Mandatory Retirement: Effects on Higher Education. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.


Gajda, A.J. 1989 Long-term care insurance. Employee Benefits Journal 14(2):10–16.

Goodman, M.J. 1990 The review of tenured faculty: A collegial model. Journal of Higher Education 61(4):408–424.

Gray, K. 1989 Retirement Plans and Expectations of TIAA-CREF Policyholders. New York: Teachers Insurance and Annuity Association-College Retirement Equities Fund.


Heller, S. 1986 Colleges ponder the effects on tenure of end to mandatory retirement at 70. Chronicle of Higher Education (December 3):15,18.

Suggested Citation:"REFERENCES." National Research Council. 1991. Ending Mandatory Retirement for Tenured Faculty: The Consequences for Higher Education. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1795.
×

Holden, K.C., and W.L. Hansen, eds. 1989 The End of Mandatory Retirement: Effects on Higher Education New Directions for Higher Education 65 XVII(1). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Holland, D.M. 1988 Facilitating Faculty Retirement. Unpublished paper. Alfred P. Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

Hopkins, D.S.P., and W.F. Massy 1981 Planning Models for Colleges and Universities. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press.

Howe, A.B., and S.P. Smith 1990 Age and Research Activity. Paper prepared for the Project on Faculty Retirement, Princeton University.

Hull, D.L., P.D. Tessner, and A.M. Diamond 1978 Planck's principle. Science 202:717–723.

Irish. L., and C. Stewart 1990 Institutional Responses to the Elimination of Mandatory Retirement. Paper prepared for the Committee on Mandatory Retirement in Higher Education. Jones, Day, Reavis, and Pogue, Washington, D.C.


Johnson, B. 1987 Public Retirement Systems: Summaries of Public Retirement Plans Covering Colleges and Universities—1987. New York: Teachers Insurance and Annuity Association-College Retirement Equities Fund.


Kellams, S.E., and J.L. Chronister 1988 Life After Early Retirement: Faculty Activities and Perceptions. Occasional Paper No. 1. Center for the Study of Higher Education, Department of Educational Leadership and Policy Studies. Charlottesville, Va.: University of Virginia.

Kinney, D.P., and S.P. Smith 1989 Age and Teaching Performance. Paper prepared for the Project on Faculty Retirement, Princeton University.


Lehman, H.C. 1953 Age and Achievement. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.

Licata, C.M. 1985 An Investigation of the Status of Post-Tenure Faculty Evaluation in Selected Community Colleges. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Association for the Study of Higher Education, Chicago, Ill.

1986 Post-Tenure Faculty Evaluation: Threat or Opportunity? Association for the Study of Higher Education-Education Resources Information Center Higher Education Report No. 1. Washington, D.C.: Association for the Study of Higher Education.

Lozier. G.G., and M.J. Dooris 1988 Is Higher Education Confronting Faculty Shortages? Monograph No. 88-4. Houston, Tex.: Institute for Higher Education Law and Governance.

1990 Elimination of Mandatory Retirement: Anticipating Faculty Response. Paper presented at the convention of the American Society for Higher Education, San Francisco, April 1.

Suggested Citation:"REFERENCES." National Research Council. 1991. Ending Mandatory Retirement for Tenured Faculty: The Consequences for Higher Education. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1795.
×

Lozier, G.G., and M.J. Dooris, eds. 1989 Managing Faculty Resources. New Directions for Institutional Research 63(Fall). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Mangan, K.S. 1987 Colleges urged to consider tenure contracts with agreed expiration dates. Chronicle of Higher Education (April 29):13.

Mauch, J.E. 1990 Looking Forward to Uncapping: A Pilot Inquiry into Costs of Faculty Retirement Benefits and Inducements. Paper prepared for the Committee on Mandatory Retirement in Higher Education. Department of Educational Administration. University of Pittsburgh.

McKeachie, W.J. 1983 Faculty as a renewable resource. Pp. 57–66 in R.G. Baldwin and R.T. Blackburn, eds., College Faculty: Versatile Human Resources in a Period of Constraint. New Directions for Institutional Research 40(10):60. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

McMorrow, J.A. 1990 Retirement Incentives and Federal Employment Discrimination Law. Paper prepared for the Committee on Mandatory Retirement in Higher Education. Washington and Lee University School of Law.

McPherson, M.S., and G.C. Winston 1988 The economics of academic tenure: A relational perspective. Pp. 174–199 in D.W. Breneman and T.I.K. Youn, eds., Academic Labor Markets and Careers. Philadelphia, Pa.: The Falmer Press.

Messeri, P. 1988 Age differences in the reception of new scientific theories: The case of plate tectonics theory. Social Studies of Science 18:91–112.

Mooney, C.J. 1988 3 in 4 colleges offer health-care insurance coverage to retired employees, TIAA-CREF survey finds. Chronicle of Higher Education (Nov. 30):A17.

Morris, A.A. 1990 A Study of the Legal and Related Aspects of Tenure and Allied Areas in ADEA's Removal of Mandatory Retirement of Tenured Faculty Members Employed by Institutions of Higher Education. Paper prepared for the Committee on Mandatory Retirement in Higher Education. University of Washington School of Law.

Mortimer, K.P., M. Bagshaw, and A.T. Masland 1985 Flexibility in Academic Staffing: Effective Policies and Practices. Association for the Study of Higher Education-Education Resources Information Center Higher Education Report No. 1. Washington, D.C.: Association for the Study of Higher Education.

Mulanaphy. J.M. 1984 Lessons on Retirement: A Statistical Report of the 1982–83 Survey of Retired TIAA-CREF Annuitants. New York: Teachers Insurance and Annuity Association-College Retirement Equities Fund.

Munnell, A.H., and J.B. Grolnic 1986 Should the U.S. government issue index bonds? New England Economic Review (September–October):3–21.

Suggested Citation:"REFERENCES." National Research Council. 1991. Ending Mandatory Retirement for Tenured Faculty: The Consequences for Higher Education. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1795.
×

National Center for Education Statistics 1990a A Descriptive Report of Faculty in Higher Education. NCES 90–339. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Education.

1990b Faculty in Higher Education Institutions, 1988. NCES 90–365. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Education.

National Research Council 1990 Research Excellence Through the Year 2000: The Importance of Maintaining a Flow of New Faculty into Academic Research. Commission on Human Resources. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press.

1987a Speech understanding and aging. Committee on Hearing, Bioacoustics, and Biomechanics, Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America (3):859–895.

1987b Work, Aging, and Vision. Committee on Vision, Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press.

1989a Methodological Report of the 1987 Survey of Doctorate Recipients. Prepared by M. Belisle, Office of Scientific and Engineering Personnel, National Research Council, Washington, D.C.

1989b Surveying the Nation's Scientists and Engineers: A Data System for the 1990s. C.F. Citro and G. Kalton, eds. Committee on National Statistics, Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press.

1990a Human Factors Research Needs for an Aging Population S.J. Czaja and R.M. Guion, eds. Committee on Human Factors, Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education. Washington. D.C.: National Academy Press.

1990b Telephone Follow-Up Interviewing to the 1989 Survey of Doctorate Recipients: Results of a Pilot Study. Prepared by S. Mitchell, Office of Scientific and Engineering Personnel, National Research Council, Washington, D.C.

1991 Pay for Performance Evaluating Performance Appraisal and Merit Pay. G.T. Milkovich and A.K. Wigdor, eds. Committee on Performance Appraisal for Merit Pay, Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press.

National Science Foundation 1988 Proposal Review at NSF: Perceptions of Principal Investigators. Report of a survey by NSF's program evaluation staff. Washington. D.C.: National Science Foundation.


O'Brien, T., and R. Woodbury 1988 Retirement Benefits for University Employees: Evaluating the Tradeoffs. Paper prepared as part of a study funded by the Carnegie Corporation of New York. University of Massachusetts at Amherst.

Over, R. 1989 Age and scholarly impact. Psychology and Aging 4(2):222–225.


Patton. C.V. 1979 Academia in Transition: Mid-Career Change or Early Retirement. Cambridge, Mass.: Abt Books.

Suggested Citation:"REFERENCES." National Research Council. 1991. Ending Mandatory Retirement for Tenured Faculty: The Consequences for Higher Education. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1795.
×

Powell, D.H. 1991 Cognitive Aging Among Intellectually Able Individuals: Overview. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.

Pratt, H.J. 1989 Uncapping mandatory retirement: The lobbyist's influence. Pp. 15–31 in K.C. Holden and W.L. Hansen, eds., The End of Mandatory Retirement: Effects on Higher Education. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.


Redway, A. 1989 Pension indexation—matching challenges and opportunities. Employee Benefits Digest 26(10):3–6.

Rees, A., and S.P. Smith 1991 Faculty Retirement in the Arts and Sciences. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.

Reisman, B. 1986 Performance evaluation for tenured faculty: Issues and research Liberal Education, 72(1):73–87.

Ruth, J.-E., and J.E. Birren 1985 Creativity in adulthood and old age: Relations to intelligence, sex and mode of testing. International Journal of Behavioral Development 8:99–109.


Schaie, K.W., and S.L. Willis 1986 Adult Development and Aging. 2nd ed. Boston, Mass.: Little, Brown, and Co.

Southworth, J.R., and R.A. Jagmin 1979 Potential Financial and Employment Impact of Age 70 Mandatory Retirement Legislation on COFHE Institutions. Cambridge, Mass.: Consortium on Financing Higher Education.

Spreadbury, C. 1984 Innovative plans to encourage senior faculty to take early retirement. Journal of the National Association for Women Deans Administrators and Counselors (Spring):14–20.


Teachers Insurance and Annuity Association-College Retirement Equities Fund (TIAA-CREF) 1989 Target benefit plans. Research Dialogues (22)(July).

1990 College and University Employee Benefit and Insurance Benefits Cost Survey. New York: Teachers Insurance and Annuity Association College Retirement Equities Fund.


University of Minnesota Mandatory Retirement Task Force 1989 Agenda, November 16 meeting, Mandatory Retirement Task Force.

U.S. Senate 1978 Senate Report No. 95–493 on the Age Discrimination in Employment Act Amendments of 1978. Pp. 504–536 in United States Code: Congressional and Administrative News, 95th Congress—Second Session, Volume 3, Legislative History. St. Paul, Minn.: West Publishing Company.


Watkins, B.T. 1985 Early-retirement options gaining popularity among colleges and older faculty members. The Chronicle of Higher Education (July 10):19–21.

Suggested Citation:"REFERENCES." National Research Council. 1991. Ending Mandatory Retirement for Tenured Faculty: The Consequences for Higher Education. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1795.
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Weintraub, S., D.H. Powell, D.K. Whitla, R. Catlin. H.H. Funkenstein, and E.F. Kaplan 1991 Patterns of Cognitive Change with Aging in Physicians: Results from Computerized Assessment of Mental State. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.

White House Conference on Aging 1961 Policy Statements and Recommendations. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare.

Wilner, J.D. 1990 Uncapping Mandatory Retirement in Public, Four-Year Colleges and Universities. Preliminary report. Department of Education, George Washington University.

Zuckerman, H. 1977 Scientific Elite: Nobel Laureates in the United States. New York: The Free Press, Macmillan.

Suggested Citation:"REFERENCES." National Research Council. 1991. Ending Mandatory Retirement for Tenured Faculty: The Consequences for Higher Education. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1795.
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Suggested Citation:"REFERENCES." National Research Council. 1991. Ending Mandatory Retirement for Tenured Faculty: The Consequences for Higher Education. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1795.
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Suggested Citation:"REFERENCES." National Research Council. 1991. Ending Mandatory Retirement for Tenured Faculty: The Consequences for Higher Education. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1795.
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Suggested Citation:"REFERENCES." National Research Council. 1991. Ending Mandatory Retirement for Tenured Faculty: The Consequences for Higher Education. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1795.
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Suggested Citation:"REFERENCES." National Research Council. 1991. Ending Mandatory Retirement for Tenured Faculty: The Consequences for Higher Education. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1795.
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Suggested Citation:"REFERENCES." National Research Council. 1991. Ending Mandatory Retirement for Tenured Faculty: The Consequences for Higher Education. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1795.
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Ending Mandatory Retirement for Tenured Faculty: The Consequences for Higher Education Get This Book
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The proportion of older faculty is increasing nationwide. This book offers guidance not only for dealing with the elimination of mandatory retirement in higher education but also for current retirement-related issues facing all colleges and universities.

Ending Mandatory Retirement addresses such questions as: Do the special circumstances of higher education warrant the continuation of mandatory retirement? How would an increase in the number of older faculty affect individual colleges and universities and their faculty members? Where there are undesirable effects, what could be done to minimize them?

The book contains analyses of early retirement programs, faculty performance evaluation practices, pension and benefit policies, tenure policies, and faculty ages and retirement patterns.

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