Subject Index
A
Abortions, 10
induced, 89, 91, 92–95, 101, 104
irradiation subclasses, 87, 89, 91, 92–95, 101, 104, 121
social/legal issues, 3
Accumulation factor, recessive genes, 240–241
Acetabulum, dysplasia, 43, 130, 132
Age, parental, 117, 180, 273, 297–298, 300
autopsied infants, 213–214, 216
birthweight, 159, 160–161, 165, 173, 176,178
child deaths, 307, 308, 309, 311, 407
ethnicity and, 54–55
irradiation subclasses, 83–85, 97, 101, 104, 133, 134–135, 138, 142, 143
malformation, 133, 134–138, 141, 142, 143, 383
maternal, 83, 101, 104, 117, 133, 134–138, 141, 142, 143, 147, 148–152, 158, 159, 160–161, 173, 176, 180, 217
neonatal death, 180–181, 182–185, 191, 383
stillbirths, 147, 148–152, 158, 383
Ainu, 49
Americans, in Nagasaki, 51
Analysis of variance, 100, 104, 161, 163, 165, 166, 168, 171, 178, 185, 197, 203, 207
see also Covariance analysis
Analytic methods, see Methodology;
Statistical approaches and programs
Animal studies, 11, 30, 64, 97, 194, 231, 291, 319–320, 339, 490
see also Drosophila;
Murine studies
Anthropometry, 43, 100, 110–111, 130, 192–211, 224, 457, 477
consanguineous parents, 275
head circumference, 130, 192, 195, 439, 459
length of child, 192, 194, 199–200, 439, 459
sex differences, 138, 152, 163, 193–196, 198, 202, 204–207, 211, 220
weight of child, 192, 199, 439
see also Birthweight
Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, 75
Army-Navy Joint Commission, 29, 61, 62, 75, 77
Army of Occupation, 31
Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission, 1, 8, 30, 32, 272, 281
dosimetry, 5
Atomic Energy Commission, 1, 4, 29, 31, 47, 115
Attitudes
public, 8
Attribute data, 106–110, 190, 224
Austrians, in Nagasaki, 51
Autopsy findings, 4, 37, 42, 97, 147, 212–219, 230
congenital malformation, 215, 217
parental age and, 213–214, 216
B
Bartlett's test, 155, 203, 207
Bias, sampling, 99, 106, 219, 228–229
Biochemistry, 378
protein electrophoresis, 6, 363–374, 436–438, 441, 442, 447, 454, 458, 473–475
Birth rates, 47
Birth/pregnancy registrations, 10, 32, 33–37, 91, 96, 101, 105, 272, 281–282, 292–293, 332, 378, 391, 432, 453
Birthweight, 97, 100, 101, 110–111, 159–178, 192, 193, 224, 231, 241, 273, 299, 311–312, 426, 439
duration of pregnancy, 409
induced pregnancy termination, 105–106
midwife records, 159
parental age and, 159, 160–161, 165, 173, 176, 178
parity, 159, 160–161, 165, 173, 176, 178, 193, 409, 411, 421, 426
socioeconomic status, 159, 176, 177–178, 426
Blood
hemogloblin, 365
British Medical Research Council, 271
C
Cancer, 389–398, 404, 415, 417, 418, 419–420, 422, 423, 424, 425, 426, 427, 434, 435, 448, 455, 457, 466–468, 487, 491
leukemia, 61, 97, 98, 390, 395–396, 404, 422, 427, 491
retinoblastomas, 389–390, 392, 394, 396, 397, 457, 468
Wilms tumor, 390, 392, 394, 396–397, 457, 468
Chest circumference, 130, 192, 196, 439, 459
Chi square, 83, 91, 93, 96, 101, 110, 133, 142, 155, 157, 185, 189, 409
Chickuzen type, of Japanese, 199
Child deaths, 6, 291–323, 327–340, 455, 462, 466, 479, 487
parental age and, 307, 308, 309, 311, 407
parity effects, 307, 310, 409, 411, 421, 426
sex differences, 306–307, 396, 407–408, 423, 424, 426
study samples, 292–293, 328–332, 405–406, 407, 409
see also Neonatal death
China, 49
Christianity
consanguineous marriages, 83
Franciscans, 50
Jesuits, 49
Chromosomes, 5, 6, 116, 231–232, 321, 337, 338, 344–361, 364, 378, 443–444, 488
autosomal trisomics, 352–353, 353, 354, 355
carcinogenesis, 390
sex chromosomes, abnormalities, 348, 359–361
sex-specific, 116, 232, 280, 288, 289, 319, 344, 347, 349, 435, 436, 438, 441, 444, 445–446, 457, 458–459, 468–469, 475, 476, 479
structural rearrangements, 349–352, 354, 356, 435–436, 446, 457–458, 468–469
X-chromosome, 116, 438, 468, 475
Codes for data, 56, 246, 249, 253
Committee for the Investigation of the Effects of the Atomic Bombs , 30, 48
Committee on Atomic Casualties, 9, 29, 47, 115
Comparability of irradiation subclasses, 81, 83, 87, 89, 91, 97, 99, 101, 220, 301, 308–311, 313
Concomitant variation, 101, 103–104
Congenital defects, see Malformation, congenital
Consanguineous parents, 4, 271–279, 281
anthropometric findings, in children, 275
Christianity and, 83
irradiation subclasses, 81–83, 97, 101, 104, 106, 272, 275
malformation, congenital, in children, 275, 276
rural areas, 83
sex ratios, in children, 275, 281
stillbirths, in children, 275, 277, 278
Contingency analysis, 332, 333, 334
Control groups, 46–47, 114–115, 121, 129–130, 220, 225, 228, 336–337, 345, 389, 391, 405, 453, 454
Covariance analysis, 103, 111, 112, 151, 165, 170, 172, 175, 199, 203
Cultural factors
Western contacts, 49–56
Cytogenetics, 5, 8, 46, 56, 344–361, 435–436, 438, 445, 447, 454, 457–458, 469, 478–479, 488
D
Danes, in Nagasaki, 51
Development, see Growth and development
Diagnoses
malformation, 127–132
see also Autopsy findings
Diarrhea, 57, 63, 64, 65, 180, 185
“Disaster effect,” versus “radiation effect,”61, 178, 220
Distance-dosage relation, 62, 64, 70, 74, 75, 78, 79–80, 121, 217, 273, 308, 318, 328–329, 330, 373, 379, 432, 453
Distance-symptom relation, 62–72, 75, 76, 77, 78, 98, 121, 123, 273, 329–330, 379, 380, 453
DNA, 7, 445, 447, 452, 481, 488–491, 493
Dose and dosimetry, 61–80, 317–319, 321–322, 328–331, 378–381, 389, 392, 403, 408
distance-dosage relation, 62, 64, 70, 74, 75, 78, 79–80, 121, 217, 273, 308, 318, 328–329, 330, 373, 379, 432, 453
doubling dose, 431–448, 452, 456, 459–462, 471, 472–482, 487
DS86, 5, 355, 369, 373, 377–386, 389, 392, 403, 404, 406, 407, 409, 411, 413–414, 416, 419–425, 428, 433, 435, 439, 443, 454, 455
exposure categories, 72–99, 81–211, 273, 275, 281–282, 308–315, 318, 328–329, 331, 379–380
gamma radiation, 368, 407, 433–434, 468
lethal irradiation, 10
neutron, 329–330, 368, 380, 381, 393, 403, 407, 410, 413–414, 416, 419–420, 422, 433–434, 436, 444, 454
protein electrophoresis study, 368–369, 373, 436–438, 441, 442, 447, 454, 458, 473–475
residual radiation, 51, 61–66, 79, 127, 217–218
roentgen units, 10, 62, 73–74, 78, 330
shielding and, 64–66, 67, 68, 69–78, 273, 328, 329, 368, 379, 380, 381, 392, 433
T65DR, 5, 329, 330, 331, 345, 368, 369, 377, 379, 380–381, 382, 384, 392, 405, 406, 409, 433, 439, 443, 459
Drosophila, 31, 227, 231–232, 234, 236, 237, 239, 240, 241, 244, 321, 438, 446, 480
DS86, 5, 355, 369, 373, 377–386, 389, 392, 403, 404, 406, 407, 409, 411, 413–414, 416, 419–425, 428, 433, 435, 439, 443, 454, 455
Dutch, in Nagasaki, 50, 51, 52–53
E
Economic factors
post-War Japan, 32, 138, 160, 378, 443, 453
research funding, 29
see also Socioeconomic status
Education
attainment, 300, 301, 443, 462
midwives, 32
pregnancy registration pamphlet, 8
Electrophoresis, see Protein electrophoresis
Epilation, 57, 63, 64, 65–69, 75, 273, 329–330, 380
Error of measurement, 313, 316
doubling dose, 384–385, 480, 487
malformation data, 91, 97, 130
murine studies, 7
protein electrophoresis studies, 368–369, 374
sex ratio analyses, 286–287
stillbirths, 333
Ethnicity, see Racial and ethnic factors
Exposure to radiation, 3, 4–5, 73, 192, 273, 321–323
anthropometric findings, 43, 100, 110–111, 130, 192–211, 224, 457, 477
autopsy findings, 212–219
birthweight, 159–178
categories, 72–99, 81–211, 273, 275, 281–282, 308–315, 318, 328–329, 331, 379–380
death, neonatal, 179–191, 277–278
mothers versus fathers, 73, 82–96, 116–126, 134, 139–140, 152–155, 162, 166, 186–191, 193–198, 202, 213–218, 223, 226, 276, 277, 338, 347, 348, 350, 410
sex ratio, 116–126
stillbirths, 146–158
see also Dose and dosimetry;
Shielding
F
Finland, 49
Foreigners, genetic influence, 49, 51–56
Formosa, 49
Franciscans, in Nagasaki, 50
French, in Nagasaki, 51
Funnel chest, 130
G
Gamma radiation, 78, 79, 80, 217, 330, 363, 368, 381, 407, 433–434, 468
Gender factors, see Sex differences;
Sex ratio
accumulation factor, 240–241
additive effects, 241
drosophila, 240
genomes, 2, 364–365, 396, 447, 473, 480, 481
Japanese inhabitants, genetic history, 49, 51–56, 199
mRNA, 365
see also Chromosomes
Genetic damage, 9–11, 30, 132–138, 217, 365–366, 396, 452–482
consanguineous parents, 271–279
“disaster effect” versus “radiation effect,”61, 178, 220
indicators, 31, 33, 100–101, 102–104, 224–225, 445–448
see also Malformation, congenital;
Mutation
Genetics Conferences, 30, 57, 245, 259
Genetics Long Form, 37, 42, 89, 121, 249–257, 272–273
Genetics 9-Month Follow-up, 43, 253
Genetics Short Form, 33, 37, 52, 81, 89, 179, 246–248, 272
Genomes, 2, 364–365, 396, 447, 473, 480, 481
Gingivitis, 63, 65–69, 75, 273, 330
Goa, 49
Government role, Japanese, 1, 10, 30–31
National Institute of Health, 30, 33, 48,272, 281
National Research Council, 30
see also specific departments and agencies
Growth and development
animal studies, 231
socioeconomic status, 299
H
Hair, see Epilation
Head circumference, 130, 192, 195, 439, 459
Height, see Length of child
Hemorrhages, 63, 64, 65, 147, 380
Heterogeneity, exposure cells, 113, 161, 165, 167, 175, 176, 196, 198, 203, 208
Histocompatibility, 472–473
Historical perspectives
genetics study, 2–5, 7, 9–11, 29–47, 57, 60, 432–433, 453
Japanese inhabitants, genetic determinants, 49, 51–56, 199
methodologies, 2–5, 7, 9–11, 29–32, 291–293
Western contacts, 49–56
see also Radiation histories
Honshu, 21
Hydrocephaly, 130
I
Indonesia, 49
Infants, 42–46
classification, irradiation, 81–99
sex differences, 87, 138, 139–140, 142, 152–155, 186–191, 193–198, 202, 204–207, 213, 214, 220, 226, 301
see also Birthweight;
Neonatal deaths;
Stillbirths
International Classification of Diseases, 391, 423
Irradiation, lethal dose, 10
Ishikawa type, of Japanese, 199
J
Japanese, origin of, 49, 51–56, 199
Japan Science Council, 62, 217
Jesuits, 49
K
“Korean colony,” in Hiroshima, 56
Kyushu, 49
L
Legal issues, abortion, 3
Leukemia, 61, 97, 98, 390, 395–396, 422, 427, 491
Litter size, 319–320, 339, 465, 477, 481
Lymphomas, 390
M
Malaysia, 49
Malformation, congenital, 2, 3, 4, 6, 37, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 104, 127–145, 222, 223–224, 227, 229–230, 339, 378, 381, 382, 434, 454–456, 463–466
consanguineous parents, 275, 276
diagnosis, 127–132
error of measurement, 91, 97, 130
midwives records, 127–128
parental age, 133, 134–138, 141, 142, 143, 383
parity effects, 133
see also specific types
Medical Association of Hiroshima, 391
Medical Association of Nagasaki, 391
Meiji era, 50
Methodology, 2–8, 33–48, 293–295, 487–493
administrative framework, 29–30, 57, 60
attribute data, 106–110, 190, 224
childhood deaths studies, 293–295, 328–333, 405–415
codes for data, 56, 246, 249, 253
cytogenetic study, 345
historical perspective, 2–5, 7, 9–11, 29–32, 291–293
International Classification of Diseases, 391, 423
pregnancy registration, 10, 32, 33–37, 91, 96, 101, 105, 272–273, 281–282, 292–293, 332, 378, 391, 432, 453
protein electrophoresis, 364–369, 436–437, 441, 447, 454, 458, 473–475
sex ratio studies, 3, 4–5, 7, 31, 101, 112, 229
see also Diagnosis;
Dose and dosimetry;
Sampling;
Statistical approaches and programs
Midwives, 3, 32, 33, 35, 37, 91
birthweight records, 159
malformation records, 127–128
Midwives Association, 33
Ministry of Health and Welfare, Japanese, 1, 30
mRNA, 365
litter size, mice, 319–320, 339, 465, 477, 481
Multivariate means, 192, 193, 196, 198, 199–200, 203, 204–205, 207, 211, 222
Murine studies, 7, 228, 229–230, 231, 232, 236, 237, 239, 319, 321, 339–340, 443, 444–445, 452, 462–482, 490
nutrition, 138
protein electrophoresis, 364, 365
Mutation, 9, 10, 328, 378, 386, 431–448, 451–482
detrimental, 192, 234–235, 291
doubling dose, 431–448, 452, 456, 459–462, 471, 472–482
lethal, 116, 146, 232, 233, 234, 235, 236, 237, 275, 280, 288, 289, 317, 321–322, 327–328, 364, 438, 473, 476
versus natural selection, 241–244, 271, 276
protein electrophoresis, 6, 363–374, 436–438, 441, 442, 447, 454, 458, 473–475
radiation-induced, 5–6, 31, 228, 238–240, 243–245, 321, 431, 440–441, 444–445, 446, 461–482
sex differences, 116, 231, 237, 238–239, 337, 436, 438, 447
spontaneous, 31, 233–238, 236, 237, 271, 321, 337, 366, 431, 440–441, 442, 445, 446–447, 452, 460, 468–469, 471, 473, 478
visible, 9, 10, 43, 132, 232, 233, 234, 236, 237, 475–477
X-radiation effected, 319–320, 364–366, 390, 397, 443, 469, 473–475
N
Nagasaki Medical School, 57, 130, 212, 216, 217
National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council (U.S.),2, 4, 29, 31, 47, 48, 271
see also Committee on Atomic Casualties
National Institute of Health, Japanese, 30, 33, 48, 272, 281
National Research Council, Japanese, 30
Natural selection, 241–244, 271, 276
Neonatal deaths, 3, 6, 31, 43, 91, 97, 100, 101, 105, 180, 179–191, 222, 224, 226, 227, 231, 275, 277–278, 381, 382, 417, 434–435, 455, 460
parental age and, 180–181, 182–185, 191, 383
sex differences, 185–187, 189, 220, 300, 301
Neutron radiation, 74, 79, 80, 329, 330, 337, 338, 363, 368, 380, 381, 393, 403, 407, 410, 413–414, 416, 419–420, 422, 433–434, 436, 444, 454
Nine-months program, 42–46,110, 127, 130–132, 143–145, 179–191, 193
Nutrition, 61, 133, 138, 147–148, 159–160, 180, 200, 300, 301
O
Okayama type, Japanese, 171
Omnibus tests, 112
Operating characteristic curves, 126, 316–317
Oropharyngeal lesions, 57, 63, 64, 65, 330, 380
P
Parents and parenting, general
cooperation with study, 91, 97
irradiation categories, 72–99, 81–211, 273, 275, 281–282, 308–315, 318, 328–329, 331, 379–380
see also Age, parental;
Consanguineous parents;
Exposure
Parity effects, 83, 85–87, 104, 271, 297–298
birthweight, 159, 160–161, 165, 173, 176, 178, 193, 409, 411, 421, 426
child deaths, 307, 310, 409, 411, 421, 426
differences in irradiation subclasses, 83–85, 97, 101, 104, 133, 136–137, 138, 143, 148–152
growth and development, 193
malformation frequency, general, 133
neonatal death, 180–181, 182–185, 188, 190
stillbirths, 148, 156, 157, 181
Petechiae, 66–69, 75, 273, 329–330
Physicians
birth, attended by, 32
malformation diagnosis, 127, 128
pregnancy/birth registration, 35, 37, 281
Plants, irradiation effects, 30
Political factors
missionaries, 50
Polynesia, 49
Portmanteau tests, 112
Portuguese, in Japan, 49–50, 52
Pregnancy and pregnant women
duration of pregnancy, 298–299, 409
miscarriages, 37
registration, 10, 32, 33–37, 91, 96, 101, 105, 272, 281, 292–293, 332, 378, 391, 432, 453
termination effects, 13–269, 434
see also Abortion
Protein electrophoresis, 6, 363–374, 436–438, 441, 442, 447, 454, 458, 473–475
Q
Questionnaires, forms
Genetics Long Form, 37, 42, 89, 121, 249–257, 272–273
Genetics Short Form, 33, 37, 52, 81, 89, 179, 246, 272
pediatric follow-up, 44–45
response bias, 229
R
Racial and ethnic factors, 117, 225
age and, 54–55
Japanese inhabitants, genetic history, 49, 51–56, 199
Radiation, indicators of genetic effects, 31, 33, 100–101, 102–104, 271
anthropometric findings, 192–211
autopsy findings, 212–219
birthweight, 159–178
consanguineous parentage, 271–279, 281
death, neonatal, 179–191, 227, 277–278
malformation, 127–145
stillbirth, 146–158
Radiation, residual, 51, 61–66, 79, 127, 217–218
Radiation categories, 72–99, 81–211, 273, 275, 281–282, 308–315, 318, 328–329, 331, 379–380
Radiation Effects Research Foundation, 1, 8, 344, 391, 397, 405, 427, 445, 488, 489, 490, 491
Radiation histories, 33, 37, 66, 72, 281, 330
Genetics Long Form, 37, 42, 89, 121, 249, 272–273
Genetics Short Form, 33, 37, 52, 81, 89, 179, 246, 272
Radiation sickness, symptoms of, 57
distance and, 62–72, 75, 76, 77, 78, 98, 121, 123, 273, 329–330, 379, 380, 453
see also Diarrhea;
Epilation;
Gingivitis;
Hemorrhages;
Oropharyngeal lesions;
Petechiae;
Purpura
Regression analyses, 100, 160, 161, 165, 167, 169, 170, 172, 173, 176, 274, 275–276, 278, 282–287, 333, 335, 336, 338, 381, 384, 389, 392–393, 395–396, 403, 421, 423, 425, 428, 434, 435, 436, 439–443, 456, 457, 461
Retinoblastoma, 389–390, 392, 394, 396, 397, 457, 468
Rockefeller Foundation, 48
Roentgen units, 10, 62, 73–74, 78, 330
Roentgen equivalent physical, 73, 74, 79, 231
Rural areas
consanguineous marriages, 83
Russia, 49
Ryukyu Islands, 49
S
Sampling, 99, 292–299, 313, 316–317, 336, 378, 379, 381–382, 432, 453–454
balanced, 103–104
cancer study, 391
childhood death studies, 292–293, 328–332, 405–406, 407, 409
control groups, 46–47, 114–115, 121, 129–130, 220, 225, 228, 336–337, 345, 389, 391, 405, 453, 454
protein electrophoresis, 366–367
“Ten-percent sample,”37, 299–300, 335, 345
Satsuma type, of Japanese, 199
Secondary infections, 61
Sex chromosomes, 116, 232, 280, 288, 289, 319, 344, 347, 349, 435, 436, 438, 441, 444, 445–446, 457, 458–459, 468–469, 475, 476, 479
anthropometric, 138, 152, 163, 193–196, 198, 202, 204–207, 211, 220
autopsy findings, 214
childhood deaths, 306–307, 396, 407–408, 423, 424, 426
chromosomal abnormalities, 348, 359–361
infants, 87, 138, 139–140, 142, 152–155, 186–191, 193–198, 202, 204–207, 213, 214, 220, 226, 301
mothers versus fathers, exposure, 73, 82–96, 116–126, 134, 139–140, 152–155, 162, 166, 186–191, 193–198, 202, 213–218, 223, 226, 276, 277, 338, 347, 348, 350, 410
mutation, 116, 231, 237, 238–239, 337, 436, 438, 447
neonatal death, 185–187, 189, 220, 300, 301
protein electrophoresis, 369–371, 441
socioeconomic status, 301
wives versus husbands, data on, 33, 66–69
Sex ratios, 85, 100, 116–126, 222–223, 226, 227, 228–229, 232, 280–290, 293, 302–305, 322, 410, 438, 458–459, 476
consanguineous parentage, 275, 281
error of measurement, 286–287
exposure to radiation, 116–126
stillbirths, 152–155
study methodology, 3, 4–5, 7, 31, 101, 112, 229
Shielding, 64–66, 67, 68, 69–78, 273, 328, 329, 368, 379, 380, 381, 392, 433
Skeletal system
acetabulum, dysplasia, 43, 130, 132
malformation, general, 472
Siberia, 49
abortion laws, 3
parental cooperation with study, 91, 97
Socioeconomic status, 42, 117, 273, 385–386, 443, 462
birthweight, 159, 176, 177–178, 426
child deaths, 299–300, 301, 335, 409, 426
educational attainment, 300, 301, 443, 462
growth, 299
irradiation subclasses, 87–89, 99, 101, 104
sex differences, 301
Statistical approaches and programs, 2–8, 100–115, 331, 412–415
analysis of dispersion, 111, 114, 196, 197, 198, 201, 202, 208–209
attribute data, 106–110, 190, 224
Bartlett's test, 155, 203, 207
cancer study, 392–393
chi square, 83, 91, 93, 96, 101, 110, 133, 142, 155, 157, 185, 189, 409
concomitant variation, 101, 103–104
confidence limits, 225
contingency analysis, 332, 333, 334
control groups, 46–47, 114–115, 121, 129–130, 220, 225, 228, 336–337, 345, 389, 391, 405, 453, 454
covariance analysis, 103, 111, 112, 151, 165, 170, 172, 175, 199, 203
determinants and matrices, 196
F test, 179
heterogeneity, within-cell, 113, 114, 161, 165, 167, 175, 176, 196, 198, 203, 208
historic inhabitants of Japan, 50–51
index of absolute difference, 133, 213
likelihood statistic, 176, 198
means, multivariate, 192, 193, 196, 198, 199–200, 203, 204–205, 207, 211, 222
omnibus tests, 112
portmanteau tests, 112
pyramidal handling of data, 101
radiation data, 57, 62, 66–69, 72
regression analyses, 100, 160, 161, 165, 167, 169, 170, 172, 173, 176, 274, 275–276, 278, 282–287, 333, 335, 336, 338, 381, 384, 389, 392–393, 395–396, 403, 421, 423, 425, 428, 434, 435, 436, 439–443, 456, 457, 461
significance test, one-tailed, 97, 222, 226, 339, 492
variance, generalized, 85, 87, 111–112, 113, 114, 176, 192, 196, 201, 203, 207
variance analysis, 100, 104, 161, 163, 165, 166, 168, 171, 178, 185, 197, 203, 207
vital statistics, 10, 56–57, 121, 281, 295, 391, 426
Wilks' test, 196
see also Error of measurement;
Questionnaires, forms;
Sampling
Stillbirths, 3, 6, 9, 31, 37, 100, 101, 146–158, 152, 179, 181, 224, 226, 227, 230–231, 272, 333, 381, 382, 434, 447, 448, 454–456, 463–466
consanguine parents, 275, 277, 278
error of measurement, 333
induced termination and, 105
parental age, 147, 148–152, 158, 383
parity effects, 148, 156, 157, 181
sex ratios, 152–155
Sweden, 49
Syphilis, 37, 42, 89, 90, 101, 104, 147, 157, 180, 213, 215
T
T65DR, radiation dose, 5, 329, 330, 331, 345, 368, 369, 377, 379, 380–381, 382, 384, 392, 405, 406, 409, 433, 439, 443, 459
“Ten-percent sample,”37, 299–300, 335, 345
Thalassemia, 365
Tumors, malignant, see Cancer
U
United Kingdom, 491
“Unregistered Series,”35, 212, 272
Urban areas
origin, 117
Uterus, dilation and curettage, 89, 91, 95, 104
V
Variance, generalized, 85, 87, 111–112, 113, 114, 176, 192, 196, 201, 203, 207
see also Analysis of variance;
Covariance analysis
Variances, test for equality of, 112
Viral diseases, 133
Vital statistics, 10, 56–57, 121, 281, 295, 391, 426
W
Weight of child, 192, 199, 439
see also Birthweight
Wilks' test, 196
Wilms tumor, 390, 392, 394, 396–397, 457, 468
World Health Organization, 271, 391
X
X-chromosome, 116, 438, 468, 475
X-ray irradiation, 319–320, 364–366, 390, 397, 443, 469, 473–475