References
Anderson, T. J., S. Battersby, R. J. B. King, and K. McPherson. 1990. Breast epithelial responses and steroid receptors during oral contraceptive use. Pp. 363-372 in Oral Contraceptives and Breast Cancer, R. D. Mann, ed. Park Ridge, N.J.: The Parthenon Publishing Group.
Bos, J. L. 1989. ras Oncogenes in human cancer: A review. Cancer Research 49: 4682-4689 .
Brinton, L. A. 1990. Update of the 1982 study among participants in the Breast Cancer Detection Demonstration Project and plans for a new study. Pp. 207-219 in Oral Contraceptives and Breast Cancer, R. D. Mann, ed. Park Ridge, N.J.: The Parthenon Publishing Group.
The Cancer Letter. 1990. 32% rise in breast cancer diagnosis in 1980s explained by increase in mammography screening. Vol. 16: 1-4 .
Dairkee, S. H., C. M. Blayney, H. S. Smith, and A. J. Hackett. 1985. Monoclonal antibody that defines human myoepithelium. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 82: 7409-7413 .
Dairkee, S. H., C. M. Blayney, H. S. Smith, and A. J. Hackett. 1986. Concurrent expression of myoepithelial and epithelial markers in cultures of normal human breast analyzed with monoclonal antibodies . Differentiation 32: 93-100 .
Dawson, D. A. 1990. Trends in oral contraceptive use: Data from the 1987 National Health Interview Survey. Family Planning Perspectives 22: 169-172 .
Dembinski, T. C., C. K. H. Leung, and R. P. C. Shiu. 1985. Evidence for a novel pituitary factor that potentiates the mitogenic effect of estrogen in human breast cancer cells. Cancer Research 45: 3083-3089 .
Devesa, S. S., D. T. Silverman, J. L. Young, Jr., E. S. Pollack, C. C. Brown, J. W. Horm, C. L. Percy, M. H. Myers, F. W. McKay, and J. F. Fraumeni, Jr. 1987. Cancer incidence and mortality trends among whites in the United States, 1947-84. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 79: 701-770 .
Dickson, R. B., and M. E. Lippman. 1987. Estrogenic regulation of growth and polypeptide growth factor secretion in human breast carcinoma. Endocrinology Reviews 8: 29-43 .
El Shafei, M., S. Varakamin, S. Basnayake, I. L. Diop, E. O. Otolorin, L. Rosero, R. Molina, L. Nunez, O. de la Cueva, F. E. Riphagen, G. S. Grubb, K. S. Hilton, and M. Potts. 1987. Women's perception of the safety of the pill: A survey in eight developing countries. Journal of Biosocial Science 19: 313-321
Fishman, J., J. Schneider, R. J. Herschcopp, and H. L. Bradlow. 1984. Increased estrogen-16α-hydroxylase activity in women with breast and endometrial cancer Journal of Steroid Biochemistry 20: 1077-1081
Foekens, J. A., H. Portengen, W. L. Van Putten, A. M. A. C. Trapman, J.-C. Reubl, J. Alexia-Figush, and J. G. M. Kiljn. 1989. Prognostic value of receptors for insulin like growth factor 1, somatostatin, and epidermal growth factor in human breast cancer. Cancer Research 49: 7002-7009
Foote, F. W., and F. E. Stewart. 1941. Lobular carcinoma in situ: A rare form of mammary cancer. American Journal of Pathology 17: 491-505
Fortney, J. A., J. M. Harper, and M. Potts. 1986. Oral contraceptives and life expectancy. Studies in Family Planning 17: 117-125.
Frye, R. A., C. C. Beng, and E. T. Liu. 1989. Detection of amplified oncogenes by differential polymerase chain reaction. Oncogene 4: 1153-1157
Garrett, P. A. (Project Manager) and B. S. Hulka (Principal Investigator). Rare HA-RAS alleles and breast cancer. Grant #1-R03-CA52447-01, funded by National Cancer Institute.
Gusterson, B. A., P. Monaghan, R. Mahendran, J. Ellis, and M. J. O'Hare. 1986. Identification of myoepithelial cells in human and rat breasts by anti-common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen antibody A12. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 77: 343-347.
Heithoff, K. A., and K. N. Lohr, eds. 1990. Effectiveness and Outcomes in Health Care. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press.
Hemminki, E., D. L. Kennedy, C. Baum, and S. M. McKinlay. 1988. Prescribing of noncontraceptive estrogens and progestins in the United States, 1974-86. American Journal of Public Health 78: 1478-1481
Huebner, K., A. C. Ferrari, P. Bovi, C. M. Croce, and C. Basilico. 1988. The FGF-related oncogene, K-FGF, maps to human chromosome region 11q13, possibly near int-2. Oncogene Research 3: 263-270
Kay, C. R. 1990. Results from the Royal College of General Practitioners' Oral Contraception Study. Pp. 257-269 in Oral Contraceptives and Breast Cancer, R. D. Mann, ed. Park Ridge, N.J.: The Parthenon Publishing Group.
Kennedy, D. L., C. Baum, and M. B. Forbes. 1985. Noncontraceptive estrogens and progestins: Use patterns over time Obstetrics and Gynecology 65: 441-446
Kirkland, W. I., H. Yang, T. Jorgensen, C. Langley, and P. Furmanski. 1979. Growth of normal and malignant human mammary epithelial cells in culture. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 63: 29-41
Kramer, W. M., and B. F. Rush. 1973 Mammary duct proliferation in the elderly. Cancer 31: 130-137
Lippman, M. E., and R. B. Dickson. 1989. Mechanisms of growth control in normal and malignant breast epithelium Recent Progress in Hormone Research 45: 383-440
London, S. J., G. A. Colditz, M. J. Stampfer, W. C. Willett, B. A. Rosner, K. Corsano, and F. E. Speizer. 1990. Lactation and risk of breast cancer in a cohort of US women. American Journal of Epidemiology 132: 17-26
MacMahon, B., P. Cole, T. M. Lin, C. R. Lowe, A. P. Mirra, B. Ravuihar, E. J. Salber, V. G. Valaoras, and S. Yuasa. 1970. Age at first birth and risk of breast cancer. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 43: 209
Mann, R. D., ed. 1990. Oral Contraceptives and Breast Cancer. Park Ridge, N.J.: The Parthenon Publishing Group.
Marchant, D. J., and S. M. Sutton. 1990. Use of mammography—United States, 1990. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 39: 621-630
Mattison, D. R. 1984. How everyday drugs can affect reproduction. Contemporary Obstetrics and Gynecology 24: 92-108
McCarty, K. S., Jr. 1989. Proliferative stimuli in the normal breast: Estrogens or progestins? Human Pathology 20: 1137-1138
McPherson, K. 1990. Summary and update of the Oxford-based studies. Pp. 55-66 in Oral Contraceptives and Breast Cancer, R. D. Mann, ed. Park Ridge, N.J.: The Parthenon Publishing Group.
McTiernan, A., and D. B. Thomas. 1986. Evidence for a protective effect of lactation on risk of breast cancer in young women. American Journal of Epidemiology 124: 353-358
Milburn, M. V., L. Tong, A. M. deVos, A. Brunger, Z. Yamaizumi, S. Nishmura, and S.-H. Kim. 1990. Molecular switch for signal transduction: Structural differences between active and inactive forms of protooncogenic ras proteins. Science 247: 939-945
Mosher, W. D., and W. F. Pratt. 1990. Contraceptive use in the United States, 1973-1988. Advance Data from Vital and Health Statistics, No. 182. Hyattsville, Md.: National Center for Health Statistics.
National Research Council. 1983. Risk Assessment in the Federal Government: Managing the Process. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press.
National Research Council. 1984. Toxicity Testing: Strategies to Determine Needs and Priorities. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press.
National Research Council/Institute of Medicine (NRC/IOM). 1990. Developing New Contraceptives: Obstacles and Opportunities, L. Mastroianni, Jr., P. J. Donaldson, and T. T. Kane, eds. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press.
Osborn, M., and K. Weber. 1983. Biology of disease. Tumor diagnosis by intermediate filament typing: A novel tool for surgical pathology. Laboratory Investigation 48: 271-294
Petersen, O. W., and B. van Deurs. 1988. Growth factor control of myoepithelial-cell differentiation in cultures of human mammary gland. Differentiation 39: 197-215
Resnick, R. M., M. T. E. Conelissen, D. K. Wright, G. H. Eichinger, et al. 1990. Detection and typing of human papillomavirus in archival cervical cancer specimens by DNA amplification with consensus primers. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 82: 1477-1484
Romieu, I., W. C. Willett, G. A. Colditz, M. J. Stampfer, B. Rosner, C. H. Hennekens, and F. E. Speizer. 1990. A prospective study of oral contraceptive use and the risk of breast cancer in women. Pp. 221-243 in Oral Contraceptives and Breast Cancer, R. D. Mann, ed. Park Ridge, N.J.: The Parthenon Publishing Group.
Russo, J., P. Furmanski, and M. A. Rich. 1975. An ultrastructural study of normal human mammary epithelial cells in culture. American Journal of Anatomy 142: 221-232
Smith, H. S., S. R. Wolman, S. H. Dairkee, et al. 1987. Immortalization in culture: Occurrence at a late stage in the progression of breast cancer. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 78: 611-615
Swaneck, G. E., and J. Fishman. 1988. Covalent binding of the endogenous estrogen 16α-hydroxyestrone to estradiol receptor in human breast cancer cells: Characterization and intranuclear localization. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 85: 7831-7835
Swift, M., L. L. Kupper, and C. L. Chase. 1990. Effective testing of gene-disease associations. American Journal of Human Genetics 47: 266-274
Taylor-Papadimitriou, J., and E. B. Lane. 1987. Pp. 181-215 in The Mammary Gland, M. C. Neville and C. W. Daniel, eds. New York: Plenum Press.
Taylor-Papadimitriou, J., M. Shearer, and R. Tilly. 1977. Some properties of cells cultured from early lactation human milk Journal of the National Cancer Institute 58: 1563-1571
Thomas, D. B. 1984. Do hormones cause breast cancer? Cancer 53: 595-604
Vessey, M. P. 1990. Results from the Oxford-Family Planning Association Study. Pp. 271-276 in Oral Contraceptives and Breast Cancer, R. D. Mann, ed. Park Ridge, N.J.: The Parthenon Publishing Group.
White, E., C. Y. Lee, and A. R. Kristal. 1990. Evaluation of the increase in breast cancer incidence in relation to mammography use. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 82: 1546-1552
Yuan, J. M., M. C. Yu, R. K. Ross, Y. T. Gao, and B. E. Henderson. 1988. Risk factors for breast cancer in Chinese women in Shanghai. Cancer Research 48: 1949-1953