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Assessment of Research Needs for Wind Turbine Rotor Materials Technology (1991)
Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems (CETS)

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. "3 MATERIALS PROPERTIES AND LIFE PREDICTION." Assessment of Research Needs for Wind Turbine Rotor Materials Technology. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 1991.

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Assessment of Research Needs for Wind Turbine Rotor Materials Technology

TABLE 3-1 Typical Properties of Fibers

Fiber

Diameter, µm

Specific Gravity

Modulus, GPa*

Tensile Strength, GPa

Failure Strain, %

CTE, 10-6/°C

E-glass

3-20

2.4

72.4

3.45

S2-glass

10-20

2.4

86.9

4.59

Boron

142

2.5

400

2.80

0.7

Carbon, PAN based

High strength

1.8

230

2.5

1.1

-0.4

High modulus

1.9

370

1.0

0.5

-0.5

Ultra-high modulus

2.0

520

1.0

0.2

-1.1

High strain

1.8

230-260

3.0-4.8

1.6-2.0

Intermediate modulus

1.8

290

5.2

1.8

Carbon, pitch based

P25

10

1.8

140

1.4

1.0

-0.9

P55

10

2.02

380

1.4

0.4

-1.3

P75

10

2.00

520

1.4

0.3

-1.6

P100

10

2.15

700

1.4

0.2

-1.6

P120

 

 

820

1.4

0.2

-1.6

P140

 

 

960

1.4

0.2

-1.8

Silicon carbide

SCS

140

3.0

430

3.4

0.8

Nicalon

15

2.6

180-210

2.5-3.3

1.5

3.1

AVCO

6-10

 

300

2.8

MPDZ

10-15

2.3

180-210

1.8-2.1

HPZ

10

2.35

140-175

2.1-2.5

MPS

10-15

2.6-2.7

175-210

1.1-1.4

Alumina

FP

20

3.9

345-380

1.4

0.36-0.4

Sumitomo

9-17

3.2

210-260

1.8-2.6

0.86

Saffil

3

3.3

300

2.0

0.67

PRD-166

 

4.2

385

2.1-2.5

Alumina-silica

Fiberfrax

 

2.7

100

1.0

Fibermax

 

3.0

150

0.8

0.5

Alumina-boria-silica

Nextel 312

11

2.7

150

1.4-1.7

Mextel 440

10-12

3.1

200-240

1.4-2.0

0.9

Nextel 480

10-12

3.1

224

2.3

0.9

Si, Ti, C, O

Tyranno

8-10

2.3-2.5

200

3.0

1.5

Aramid

Kevlar 49

12

1.44

124-131

3.6

2.8

-2.0

Kevlar 29

12

1.44

83

3.6

4.0

Kevlar 149

12

1.47

186

3.4

2.0

HM-50

12

1.3

81

3.1

4.4

Polyethylene

Spectra 900

38

0.97

117

2.6

3.5

Spectra 1000

27

0.97

172

3.1

0.7

Tungsten

13

19.4

410

4.0

* 1 GPa = 1.45 × 105 psi.
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