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Potential Health Risks to DOD Firing-Range Personnel from Recurrent Lead Exposure (2013)

Chapter: Appendix: Biographic Information on the Committee on Potential Health Risks from Recurrent Lead Exposure of DoD Firing Range Personnel

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Suggested Citation:"Appendix: Biographic Information on the Committee on Potential Health Risks from Recurrent Lead Exposure of DoD Firing Range Personnel." National Research Council. 2013. Potential Health Risks to DOD Firing-Range Personnel from Recurrent Lead Exposure. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18249.
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Appendix

Biographic Information on the Committee on Potential Health Risks from Recurrent Lead Exposure of DoD Firing Range Personnel

David C. Dorman (Chair) is professor of toxicology in the Department of Molecular Biosciences of North Carolina State University. His research is directed toward understanding human health risks associated with environmentally relevant chemicals. It is focused primarily on the respiratory toxicology, neurotoxicology, and pharmacokinetics of environmental agents. He has served on several National Research Council committees, including serving as chair of the Committee on Emergency and Continuous Exposure Guidance Levels for Selected Submarine Contaminants and as a member of the Committee to Review the Draft IRIS Assessment on Formaldehyde. Dr. Dorman received his DVM from Colorado State University and his PhD in veterinary biosciences and toxicology from the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign. He is a diplomate of the American Board of Veterinary Toxicology and of the American Board of Toxicology and a fellow of the Academy of Toxicological Sciences.

Susan H. Benoff was formerly director of the Fertility Research Laboratories of the Feinstein Institute for Medical Research. She was also an associate professor in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of New York University School of Medicine and director of the Molecular Biology Laboratories, Division of Human Reproduction, in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of North Shore University Hospital. Her research interests were in male infertility and testicular cancer with emphasis on the role that environmental exposure to heavy metals and compounds with hormone-like activity may play in the causes of these disorders. She has been an active member of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine, most recently serving as chair of the Environment and Reproduction Special Interest Group. She is also on the Board of Directors

Suggested Citation:"Appendix: Biographic Information on the Committee on Potential Health Risks from Recurrent Lead Exposure of DoD Firing Range Personnel." National Research Council. 2013. Potential Health Risks to DOD Firing-Range Personnel from Recurrent Lead Exposure. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18249.
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of the Society for Male Reproduction and Urology and a member of the Council of the American Society of Andrology. Dr. Benoff received her PhD in cell biology from the Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University.

Edward C. Bishop was formerly vice president of Parsons Government Services. He has diverse experience in industrial hygiene, environmental compliance, emergency response, and risk assessment. He had a 20-year career in the US Air Force, in which he held a number of positions, including senior bioenvironmental engineering program manager in the Office of the Air Force Surgeon General. In that position, he developed and managed occupational-health, industrial-hygiene, and environmental-protection programs worldwide. Dr. Bishop has served on several National Research Council committees, including the Committee on Acute Exposure Guideline Levels and the Committee on Toxicological Risks to Deployed Military Personnel. He received his MS in engineering from the University of California, Los Angeles, and his PhD in environmental health sciences from the University of California, Berkeley.

Margit L. Bleecker is director of the Center for Occupational and Environmental Neurology in Baltimore, Maryland. Her research interests are in clinical industrial neurotoxicology and occupational neurology. Dr. Bleecker was a member of the National Research Council Committee on Tetrachloroethylene and the Institute of Medicine Committee to Review the Health Effects in Vietnam Veterans of Exposure to Herbicides and Committee on the DOD Persian Gulf Syndrome Comprehensive Clinical Evaluation Program. She received her PhD from the State University of New York Downstate Medical Center and her MD from the University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine. Dr. Bleecker is certified by the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology.

Lisa M. Brosseau is associate professor in the Division of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences of the University of Minnesota School of Public Health. Her research interests are in the performance of respiratory protection devices, aerosol measurement, filtration, and health and safety interventions. Dr. Brosseau is a former chair of ACGIH’s Chemical Substances Threshold Limit Value Committee and past chair of the organization’s Board of Directors. She has been on several National Research Council committees, including the Committee on Full System Testing and Evaluation of Personal Protection Equipment Ensembles in Simulated Chemical and Biological Warfare Environments. She received her MS and ScD in industrial hygiene from Harvard University and is certified by the American Board of Industrial Hygiene.

Rose H. Goldman is the former chief of the Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine of Cambridge Health Alliance and is currently an associate professor in the Department of Environmental Health of the Harvard School of

Suggested Citation:"Appendix: Biographic Information on the Committee on Potential Health Risks from Recurrent Lead Exposure of DoD Firing Range Personnel." National Research Council. 2013. Potential Health Risks to DOD Firing-Range Personnel from Recurrent Lead Exposure. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18249.
×

Public Health and associate professor of medicine at Harvard Medical School. Her research interests are in neurotoxicity, metals, pediatric environmental health, and innovative education in environmental and occupational medicine. Dr. Goldman was a member of two Institute of Medicine Committees on Gulf War and Health, which evaluated potential health effects of exposure to pesticides and Sarin, the National Research Council Committee on Handling and Disposal of Biohazards from the Laboratory, and the National Research Council Committee to Review the OMB Risk Assessment Bulletin. She received her MD from the Yale University School of Medicine and her MS and MPH from the Harvard School of Public Health. Dr. Goldman is certified by the American Board of Internal Medicine and by the American Board of Preventive Medicine in occupational medicine.

Joseph H. Graziano is professor of environmental health sciences and pharmacology at the Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health. His research career has been devoted to understanding the consequences of exposure to metals, on both the molecular and population levels. Dr. Graziano’s past research was devoted to lead poisoning and contributed to understanding of the adverse effects of lead exposure on childhood development. He also discovered and developed 2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA; Succimer), a drug now widely used around the world to treat childhood lead poisoning. More recently, his research has been aimed at understanding the consequences of arsenic exposure for the Bangladeshi population and at devising strategies to reduce toxicity. Dr. Graziano received his PhD from Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey.

Sheryl A. Milz is chair of and associate professor in the Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine of the University of Toledo and is a certified industrial hygienist. Her research interests are in human exposure assessments, risk assessment, and environmental and occupational epidemiology. Before joining the university, she was an industrial hygienist and safety and occupational manager at the Great Lakes Naval Hospital, where she gained experience in evaluating firing ranges for lead exposure and ventilation requirements. Dr. Milz has been active in the American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA) and ACGIH. She was chair of the AIHA Exposure Assessment Strategies Committee and currently serves on the ACGIH Agricultural Safety and Health Committee. She received her MS in preventive medicine (epidemiology) from Ohio State University and her PhD in public health sciences (industrial hygiene) from the University of Illinois at Chicago.

Sung Kyun Park is an assistant professor of epidemiology at the University of Michigan School of Public Health. He also has a joint appointment in the Department of Environmental Health Sciences. His research has focused on the health effects of environmental exposures—such as exposures to air pollution, heavy metals (including lead, cadmium, arsenic, and mercury), bisphenol-A, and

Suggested Citation:"Appendix: Biographic Information on the Committee on Potential Health Risks from Recurrent Lead Exposure of DoD Firing Range Personnel." National Research Council. 2013. Potential Health Risks to DOD Firing-Range Personnel from Recurrent Lead Exposure. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18249.
×

noise—in aging populations. Health end points of interest include cardiovascular outcomes (hypertension, heart-rate variability, and homocysteine), metabolic disorders (type-2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome), lung function, and age-related diseases (age-related hearing loss, cataracts, and osteoporosis). Dr. Park received his MPH in environmental health from Seoul National University and his ScD in environmental epidemiology from the Harvard School of Public Health.

Mark A. Roberts is a principal scientist and center director for Occupational and Environmental Heath at Exponent. He has a wide array of experiences in clinical occupational and environmental medicine and in epidemiologic studies of health complaints in communities and industrial settings. His professional training also covers a broad spectrum from public health to corporate medicine. He has 17 years of experience in the Oklahoma State Department of Health. His corporate experience includes serving as corporate medical director of BP. Dr. Roberts received his MD, MPH, and PhD in biostatistics and epidemiology from the University of Oklahoma. He is licensed by the American Board of Preventive Medicine in occupational medicine.

Brisa N. Sanchez is assistant professor in the Department of Biostatistics of the University of Michigan School of Public Health. Her research interests are in statistical methods applicable to environmental and social epidemiology and health disparities. Her methodologic work involves developing robust fitting procedures and diagnostics for structural equation models and using the methods in applications to environmental health problems, such as in utero lead exposure and its effect on child development. Dr. Sanchez received her MS in statistics from the University of Texas at El Paso and her MSc and PhD in biostatistics from Harvard University.

Brian S. Schwartz is a professor in the Department of Environmental Health Sciences of the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. He also is codirector of the university’s Program on Global Sustainability and Health and codirector of the Joint Geisinger–Johns Hopkins Environmental Health Institute. His research applies the methods of occupational, environmental, and molecular epidemiology to studying the health effects of chemicals. Health effects of interest include those in the central nervous system (such as cognitive functioning and brain structure), peripheral nervous system, cardiovascular system, and renal system. Much of his work has focused on the health effects of metals (such as lead, mercury, and cadmium) and organic compounds (such as polychlorinated biphenyls, and hydrocarbon solvents). He is particularly interested in the importance of recent vs lifetime cumulative dose, the timing of the dose during the lifespan and its relation to health effects, and how these types of exposure contribute to acute, reversible health effects and chronic, probably irreversible health effects. Dr. Schwartz received his MD from Northwestern University and his MS in clinical epidemiology from the University of Pennsylvania. He is certified

Suggested Citation:"Appendix: Biographic Information on the Committee on Potential Health Risks from Recurrent Lead Exposure of DoD Firing Range Personnel." National Research Council. 2013. Potential Health Risks to DOD Firing-Range Personnel from Recurrent Lead Exposure. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18249.
×

by the American Board of Internal Medicine and by the American Board of Preventive Medicine in occupational medicine.

Lauren Zeise is deputy director for scientific affairs of the California Environmental Protection Agency’s Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment. She oversees or is otherwise involved in a variety of California’s risk-assessment activities and the development of frameworks and methods for assessing toxicity, cumulative impact, nanotechnology, green chemistry and safer alternatives, and susceptible populations. She also is involved in the California Environmental Contaminant Biomonitoring Program. Dr. Zeise was the 2008 recipient of the Society of Risk Analysis Outstanding Practitioners Award. She has served on advisory boards and committees of the Environmental Protection Agency, the Office of Technology Assessment, the World Health Organization, and the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. Dr. Zeise has served on numerous National Research Council and Institute of Medicine committees and boards. She is currently a member of the Committee on Use of Emerging Science for Environmental Health Decisions. She received her PhD from Harvard University.

Judith T. Zelikoff is a professor in the Department of Environmental Medicine of the New York University Medical Center. Her research interests are in immunotoxicity and reproductive and developmental toxicity associated with inhaled metal oxide nanomaterials, respirable particulate matter, and metal-bearing air-pollution mixtures. She is on the National Toxicology Program Board of Scientific Councilors and is an active member of the Society of Toxicology; she was president of the Metals Specialty Section and of the Immunotoxicity Specialty Section and currently serves on the Board of Councilors and is the secretary-elect of the society. Dr. Zelikoff was a member of the National Research Council Committee on Spacecraft Exposure Guidelines. She received her MS in microbiology and her PhD in experimental pathology from the University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix: Biographic Information on the Committee on Potential Health Risks from Recurrent Lead Exposure of DoD Firing Range Personnel." National Research Council. 2013. Potential Health Risks to DOD Firing-Range Personnel from Recurrent Lead Exposure. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18249.
×
Page 174
Suggested Citation:"Appendix: Biographic Information on the Committee on Potential Health Risks from Recurrent Lead Exposure of DoD Firing Range Personnel." National Research Council. 2013. Potential Health Risks to DOD Firing-Range Personnel from Recurrent Lead Exposure. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18249.
×
Page 175
Suggested Citation:"Appendix: Biographic Information on the Committee on Potential Health Risks from Recurrent Lead Exposure of DoD Firing Range Personnel." National Research Council. 2013. Potential Health Risks to DOD Firing-Range Personnel from Recurrent Lead Exposure. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18249.
×
Page 176
Suggested Citation:"Appendix: Biographic Information on the Committee on Potential Health Risks from Recurrent Lead Exposure of DoD Firing Range Personnel." National Research Council. 2013. Potential Health Risks to DOD Firing-Range Personnel from Recurrent Lead Exposure. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18249.
×
Page 177
Suggested Citation:"Appendix: Biographic Information on the Committee on Potential Health Risks from Recurrent Lead Exposure of DoD Firing Range Personnel." National Research Council. 2013. Potential Health Risks to DOD Firing-Range Personnel from Recurrent Lead Exposure. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18249.
×
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Lead is a ubiquitous metal in the environment, and its adverse effects on human health are well documented. Lead interacts at multiple cellular sites and can alter protein function in part through binding to amino acid sulfhydryl and carboxyl groups on a wide variety of structural and functional proteins. In addition, lead mimics calcium and other divalent cations, and it induces the increased production of cytotoxic reactive oxygen species. Adverse effects associated with lead exposure can be observed in multiple body systems, including the nervous, cardiovascular, renal, hematologic, immunologic, and reproductive systems. Lead exposure is also known to induce adverse developmental effects in utero and in the developing neonate.

Lead poses an occupational health hazard, and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) developed a lead standard for general industry that regulates many workplace exposures to this metal. The standard was promulgated in 1978 and encompasses several approaches for reducing exposure to lead, including the establishment of a permissible exposure limit (PEL) of 50 μg/m3 in air (an 8-hour time-weighted average [TWA]), exposure guidelines for instituting medical surveillance, guidelines for removal from and return to work, and other risk-management strategies. An action level of 30 μg/m3 (an 8-hour TWA) for lead was established to trigger medical surveillance in employees exposed above that level for more than 30 days per year. Another provision is that any employee who has a blood lead level (BLL) of 60 μg/dL or higher or three consecutive BLLs averaging 50 μg/dL or higher must be removed from work involving lead exposure. An employee may resume work associated with lead exposure only after two BLLs are lower than 40 μg/dL. Thus, maintaining BLLs lower than 40 μg/dL was judged by OSHA to protect workers from adverse health effects. The OSHA standard also includes a recommendation that BLLs of workers who are planning a pregnancy be under 30μg/dL.

In light of knowledge about the hazards posed by occupational lead exposure, the Department of Defense (DOD) asked the National Research Council to evaluate potential health risks from recurrent lead exposure of firing-range personnel. Specifically, DOD asked the National Research Council to determine whether current exposure standards for lead on DOD firing ranges protect its workers adequately.The committee also considered measures of cumulative lead dose. Potential Health Risks to DOD Firing-Range Personnel from Recurrent Lead Exposure will help to inform decisions about setting new air exposure limits for lead on firing ranges, about whether to implement limits for surface contamination, and about how to design lead-surveillance programs for range personnel appropriately.

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