National Academies Press: OpenBook

Emerging Workforce Trends in the U.S. Energy and Mining Industries: A Call to Action (2013)

Chapter: Appendix C: Data on the energy and mining workforce from federal data sources

« Previous: Appendix B: Overview of the Energy and Mining Workforce Using Federal Data Sources
Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Data on the energy and mining workforce from federal data sources." National Research Council. 2013. Emerging Workforce Trends in the U.S. Energy and Mining Industries: A Call to Action. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18250.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Data on the energy and mining workforce from federal data sources." National Research Council. 2013. Emerging Workforce Trends in the U.S. Energy and Mining Industries: A Call to Action. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18250.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Data on the energy and mining workforce from federal data sources." National Research Council. 2013. Emerging Workforce Trends in the U.S. Energy and Mining Industries: A Call to Action. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18250.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Data on the energy and mining workforce from federal data sources." National Research Council. 2013. Emerging Workforce Trends in the U.S. Energy and Mining Industries: A Call to Action. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18250.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Data on the energy and mining workforce from federal data sources." National Research Council. 2013. Emerging Workforce Trends in the U.S. Energy and Mining Industries: A Call to Action. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18250.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Data on the energy and mining workforce from federal data sources." National Research Council. 2013. Emerging Workforce Trends in the U.S. Energy and Mining Industries: A Call to Action. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18250.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Data on the energy and mining workforce from federal data sources." National Research Council. 2013. Emerging Workforce Trends in the U.S. Energy and Mining Industries: A Call to Action. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18250.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Data on the energy and mining workforce from federal data sources." National Research Council. 2013. Emerging Workforce Trends in the U.S. Energy and Mining Industries: A Call to Action. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18250.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Data on the energy and mining workforce from federal data sources." National Research Council. 2013. Emerging Workforce Trends in the U.S. Energy and Mining Industries: A Call to Action. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18250.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Data on the energy and mining workforce from federal data sources." National Research Council. 2013. Emerging Workforce Trends in the U.S. Energy and Mining Industries: A Call to Action. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18250.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Data on the energy and mining workforce from federal data sources." National Research Council. 2013. Emerging Workforce Trends in the U.S. Energy and Mining Industries: A Call to Action. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18250.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Data on the energy and mining workforce from federal data sources." National Research Council. 2013. Emerging Workforce Trends in the U.S. Energy and Mining Industries: A Call to Action. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18250.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Data on the energy and mining workforce from federal data sources." National Research Council. 2013. Emerging Workforce Trends in the U.S. Energy and Mining Industries: A Call to Action. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18250.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Data on the energy and mining workforce from federal data sources." National Research Council. 2013. Emerging Workforce Trends in the U.S. Energy and Mining Industries: A Call to Action. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18250.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Data on the energy and mining workforce from federal data sources." National Research Council. 2013. Emerging Workforce Trends in the U.S. Energy and Mining Industries: A Call to Action. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18250.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Data on the energy and mining workforce from federal data sources." National Research Council. 2013. Emerging Workforce Trends in the U.S. Energy and Mining Industries: A Call to Action. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18250.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Data on the energy and mining workforce from federal data sources." National Research Council. 2013. Emerging Workforce Trends in the U.S. Energy and Mining Industries: A Call to Action. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18250.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Data on the energy and mining workforce from federal data sources." National Research Council. 2013. Emerging Workforce Trends in the U.S. Energy and Mining Industries: A Call to Action. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18250.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Data on the energy and mining workforce from federal data sources." National Research Council. 2013. Emerging Workforce Trends in the U.S. Energy and Mining Industries: A Call to Action. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18250.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Data on the energy and mining workforce from federal data sources." National Research Council. 2013. Emerging Workforce Trends in the U.S. Energy and Mining Industries: A Call to Action. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18250.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Data on the energy and mining workforce from federal data sources." National Research Council. 2013. Emerging Workforce Trends in the U.S. Energy and Mining Industries: A Call to Action. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18250.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Data on the energy and mining workforce from federal data sources." National Research Council. 2013. Emerging Workforce Trends in the U.S. Energy and Mining Industries: A Call to Action. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18250.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Data on the energy and mining workforce from federal data sources." National Research Council. 2013. Emerging Workforce Trends in the U.S. Energy and Mining Industries: A Call to Action. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18250.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Data on the energy and mining workforce from federal data sources." National Research Council. 2013. Emerging Workforce Trends in the U.S. Energy and Mining Industries: A Call to Action. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18250.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Data on the energy and mining workforce from federal data sources." National Research Council. 2013. Emerging Workforce Trends in the U.S. Energy and Mining Industries: A Call to Action. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18250.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Data on the energy and mining workforce from federal data sources." National Research Council. 2013. Emerging Workforce Trends in the U.S. Energy and Mining Industries: A Call to Action. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18250.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Data on the energy and mining workforce from federal data sources." National Research Council. 2013. Emerging Workforce Trends in the U.S. Energy and Mining Industries: A Call to Action. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18250.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Data on the energy and mining workforce from federal data sources." National Research Council. 2013. Emerging Workforce Trends in the U.S. Energy and Mining Industries: A Call to Action. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18250.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Data on the energy and mining workforce from federal data sources." National Research Council. 2013. Emerging Workforce Trends in the U.S. Energy and Mining Industries: A Call to Action. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18250.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Data on the energy and mining workforce from federal data sources." National Research Council. 2013. Emerging Workforce Trends in the U.S. Energy and Mining Industries: A Call to Action. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18250.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Data on the energy and mining workforce from federal data sources." National Research Council. 2013. Emerging Workforce Trends in the U.S. Energy and Mining Industries: A Call to Action. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18250.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Data on the energy and mining workforce from federal data sources." National Research Council. 2013. Emerging Workforce Trends in the U.S. Energy and Mining Industries: A Call to Action. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18250.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Data on the energy and mining workforce from federal data sources." National Research Council. 2013. Emerging Workforce Trends in the U.S. Energy and Mining Industries: A Call to Action. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18250.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Data on the energy and mining workforce from federal data sources." National Research Council. 2013. Emerging Workforce Trends in the U.S. Energy and Mining Industries: A Call to Action. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18250.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Data on the energy and mining workforce from federal data sources." National Research Council. 2013. Emerging Workforce Trends in the U.S. Energy and Mining Industries: A Call to Action. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18250.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Data on the energy and mining workforce from federal data sources." National Research Council. 2013. Emerging Workforce Trends in the U.S. Energy and Mining Industries: A Call to Action. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18250.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Data on the energy and mining workforce from federal data sources." National Research Council. 2013. Emerging Workforce Trends in the U.S. Energy and Mining Industries: A Call to Action. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18250.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Data on the energy and mining workforce from federal data sources." National Research Council. 2013. Emerging Workforce Trends in the U.S. Energy and Mining Industries: A Call to Action. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18250.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Data on the energy and mining workforce from federal data sources." National Research Council. 2013. Emerging Workforce Trends in the U.S. Energy and Mining Industries: A Call to Action. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18250.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Data on the energy and mining workforce from federal data sources." National Research Council. 2013. Emerging Workforce Trends in the U.S. Energy and Mining Industries: A Call to Action. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18250.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Data on the energy and mining workforce from federal data sources." National Research Council. 2013. Emerging Workforce Trends in the U.S. Energy and Mining Industries: A Call to Action. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18250.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Data on the energy and mining workforce from federal data sources." National Research Council. 2013. Emerging Workforce Trends in the U.S. Energy and Mining Industries: A Call to Action. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18250.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Data on the energy and mining workforce from federal data sources." National Research Council. 2013. Emerging Workforce Trends in the U.S. Energy and Mining Industries: A Call to Action. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18250.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Data on the energy and mining workforce from federal data sources." National Research Council. 2013. Emerging Workforce Trends in the U.S. Energy and Mining Industries: A Call to Action. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18250.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Data on the energy and mining workforce from federal data sources." National Research Council. 2013. Emerging Workforce Trends in the U.S. Energy and Mining Industries: A Call to Action. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18250.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Data on the energy and mining workforce from federal data sources." National Research Council. 2013. Emerging Workforce Trends in the U.S. Energy and Mining Industries: A Call to Action. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18250.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Data on the energy and mining workforce from federal data sources." National Research Council. 2013. Emerging Workforce Trends in the U.S. Energy and Mining Industries: A Call to Action. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18250.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Data on the energy and mining workforce from federal data sources." National Research Council. 2013. Emerging Workforce Trends in the U.S. Energy and Mining Industries: A Call to Action. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18250.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Data on the energy and mining workforce from federal data sources." National Research Council. 2013. Emerging Workforce Trends in the U.S. Energy and Mining Industries: A Call to Action. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18250.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Data on the energy and mining workforce from federal data sources." National Research Council. 2013. Emerging Workforce Trends in the U.S. Energy and Mining Industries: A Call to Action. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18250.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Data on the energy and mining workforce from federal data sources." National Research Council. 2013. Emerging Workforce Trends in the U.S. Energy and Mining Industries: A Call to Action. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18250.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Data on the energy and mining workforce from federal data sources." National Research Council. 2013. Emerging Workforce Trends in the U.S. Energy and Mining Industries: A Call to Action. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18250.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Data on the energy and mining workforce from federal data sources." National Research Council. 2013. Emerging Workforce Trends in the U.S. Energy and Mining Industries: A Call to Action. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18250.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Data on the energy and mining workforce from federal data sources." National Research Council. 2013. Emerging Workforce Trends in the U.S. Energy and Mining Industries: A Call to Action. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18250.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Data on the energy and mining workforce from federal data sources." National Research Council. 2013. Emerging Workforce Trends in the U.S. Energy and Mining Industries: A Call to Action. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18250.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Data on the energy and mining workforce from federal data sources." National Research Council. 2013. Emerging Workforce Trends in the U.S. Energy and Mining Industries: A Call to Action. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18250.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Data on the energy and mining workforce from federal data sources." National Research Council. 2013. Emerging Workforce Trends in the U.S. Energy and Mining Industries: A Call to Action. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18250.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Data on the energy and mining workforce from federal data sources." National Research Council. 2013. Emerging Workforce Trends in the U.S. Energy and Mining Industries: A Call to Action. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18250.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Data on the energy and mining workforce from federal data sources." National Research Council. 2013. Emerging Workforce Trends in the U.S. Energy and Mining Industries: A Call to Action. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18250.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Data on the energy and mining workforce from federal data sources." National Research Council. 2013. Emerging Workforce Trends in the U.S. Energy and Mining Industries: A Call to Action. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18250.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Data on the energy and mining workforce from federal data sources." National Research Council. 2013. Emerging Workforce Trends in the U.S. Energy and Mining Industries: A Call to Action. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18250.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Data on the energy and mining workforce from federal data sources." National Research Council. 2013. Emerging Workforce Trends in the U.S. Energy and Mining Industries: A Call to Action. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18250.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Data on the energy and mining workforce from federal data sources." National Research Council. 2013. Emerging Workforce Trends in the U.S. Energy and Mining Industries: A Call to Action. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18250.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Data on the energy and mining workforce from federal data sources." National Research Council. 2013. Emerging Workforce Trends in the U.S. Energy and Mining Industries: A Call to Action. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18250.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Data on the energy and mining workforce from federal data sources." National Research Council. 2013. Emerging Workforce Trends in the U.S. Energy and Mining Industries: A Call to Action. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18250.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Data on the energy and mining workforce from federal data sources." National Research Council. 2013. Emerging Workforce Trends in the U.S. Energy and Mining Industries: A Call to Action. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18250.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Data on the energy and mining workforce from federal data sources." National Research Council. 2013. Emerging Workforce Trends in the U.S. Energy and Mining Industries: A Call to Action. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18250.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Data on the energy and mining workforce from federal data sources." National Research Council. 2013. Emerging Workforce Trends in the U.S. Energy and Mining Industries: A Call to Action. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18250.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Data on the energy and mining workforce from federal data sources." National Research Council. 2013. Emerging Workforce Trends in the U.S. Energy and Mining Industries: A Call to Action. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18250.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Data on the energy and mining workforce from federal data sources." National Research Council. 2013. Emerging Workforce Trends in the U.S. Energy and Mining Industries: A Call to Action. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18250.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Data on the energy and mining workforce from federal data sources." National Research Council. 2013. Emerging Workforce Trends in the U.S. Energy and Mining Industries: A Call to Action. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18250.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Data on the energy and mining workforce from federal data sources." National Research Council. 2013. Emerging Workforce Trends in the U.S. Energy and Mining Industries: A Call to Action. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18250.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Data on the energy and mining workforce from federal data sources." National Research Council. 2013. Emerging Workforce Trends in the U.S. Energy and Mining Industries: A Call to Action. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18250.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Data on the energy and mining workforce from federal data sources." National Research Council. 2013. Emerging Workforce Trends in the U.S. Energy and Mining Industries: A Call to Action. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18250.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Data on the energy and mining workforce from federal data sources." National Research Council. 2013. Emerging Workforce Trends in the U.S. Energy and Mining Industries: A Call to Action. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18250.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Data on the energy and mining workforce from federal data sources." National Research Council. 2013. Emerging Workforce Trends in the U.S. Energy and Mining Industries: A Call to Action. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18250.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Data on the energy and mining workforce from federal data sources." National Research Council. 2013. Emerging Workforce Trends in the U.S. Energy and Mining Industries: A Call to Action. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18250.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Data on the energy and mining workforce from federal data sources." National Research Council. 2013. Emerging Workforce Trends in the U.S. Energy and Mining Industries: A Call to Action. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18250.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Data on the energy and mining workforce from federal data sources." National Research Council. 2013. Emerging Workforce Trends in the U.S. Energy and Mining Industries: A Call to Action. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18250.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Data on the energy and mining workforce from federal data sources." National Research Council. 2013. Emerging Workforce Trends in the U.S. Energy and Mining Industries: A Call to Action. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18250.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Data on the energy and mining workforce from federal data sources." National Research Council. 2013. Emerging Workforce Trends in the U.S. Energy and Mining Industries: A Call to Action. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18250.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Data on the energy and mining workforce from federal data sources." National Research Council. 2013. Emerging Workforce Trends in the U.S. Energy and Mining Industries: A Call to Action. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18250.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Data on the energy and mining workforce from federal data sources." National Research Council. 2013. Emerging Workforce Trends in the U.S. Energy and Mining Industries: A Call to Action. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18250.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Data on the energy and mining workforce from federal data sources." National Research Council. 2013. Emerging Workforce Trends in the U.S. Energy and Mining Industries: A Call to Action. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18250.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Data on the energy and mining workforce from federal data sources." National Research Council. 2013. Emerging Workforce Trends in the U.S. Energy and Mining Industries: A Call to Action. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18250.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Data on the energy and mining workforce from federal data sources." National Research Council. 2013. Emerging Workforce Trends in the U.S. Energy and Mining Industries: A Call to Action. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18250.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Data on the energy and mining workforce from federal data sources." National Research Council. 2013. Emerging Workforce Trends in the U.S. Energy and Mining Industries: A Call to Action. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18250.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Data on the energy and mining workforce from federal data sources." National Research Council. 2013. Emerging Workforce Trends in the U.S. Energy and Mining Industries: A Call to Action. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18250.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Data on the energy and mining workforce from federal data sources." National Research Council. 2013. Emerging Workforce Trends in the U.S. Energy and Mining Industries: A Call to Action. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18250.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Data on the energy and mining workforce from federal data sources." National Research Council. 2013. Emerging Workforce Trends in the U.S. Energy and Mining Industries: A Call to Action. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18250.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Data on the energy and mining workforce from federal data sources." National Research Council. 2013. Emerging Workforce Trends in the U.S. Energy and Mining Industries: A Call to Action. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18250.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Data on the energy and mining workforce from federal data sources." National Research Council. 2013. Emerging Workforce Trends in the U.S. Energy and Mining Industries: A Call to Action. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18250.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Data on the energy and mining workforce from federal data sources." National Research Council. 2013. Emerging Workforce Trends in the U.S. Energy and Mining Industries: A Call to Action. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18250.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Data on the energy and mining workforce from federal data sources." National Research Council. 2013. Emerging Workforce Trends in the U.S. Energy and Mining Industries: A Call to Action. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18250.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Data on the energy and mining workforce from federal data sources." National Research Council. 2013. Emerging Workforce Trends in the U.S. Energy and Mining Industries: A Call to Action. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18250.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Data on the energy and mining workforce from federal data sources." National Research Council. 2013. Emerging Workforce Trends in the U.S. Energy and Mining Industries: A Call to Action. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18250.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Data on the energy and mining workforce from federal data sources." National Research Council. 2013. Emerging Workforce Trends in the U.S. Energy and Mining Industries: A Call to Action. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18250.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Data on the energy and mining workforce from federal data sources." National Research Council. 2013. Emerging Workforce Trends in the U.S. Energy and Mining Industries: A Call to Action. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18250.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Data on the energy and mining workforce from federal data sources." National Research Council. 2013. Emerging Workforce Trends in the U.S. Energy and Mining Industries: A Call to Action. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18250.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Data on the energy and mining workforce from federal data sources." National Research Council. 2013. Emerging Workforce Trends in the U.S. Energy and Mining Industries: A Call to Action. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18250.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Data on the energy and mining workforce from federal data sources." National Research Council. 2013. Emerging Workforce Trends in the U.S. Energy and Mining Industries: A Call to Action. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18250.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Data on the energy and mining workforce from federal data sources." National Research Council. 2013. Emerging Workforce Trends in the U.S. Energy and Mining Industries: A Call to Action. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18250.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Data on the energy and mining workforce from federal data sources." National Research Council. 2013. Emerging Workforce Trends in the U.S. Energy and Mining Industries: A Call to Action. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18250.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Data on the energy and mining workforce from federal data sources." National Research Council. 2013. Emerging Workforce Trends in the U.S. Energy and Mining Industries: A Call to Action. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18250.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Data on the energy and mining workforce from federal data sources." National Research Council. 2013. Emerging Workforce Trends in the U.S. Energy and Mining Industries: A Call to Action. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18250.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Data on the energy and mining workforce from federal data sources." National Research Council. 2013. Emerging Workforce Trends in the U.S. Energy and Mining Industries: A Call to Action. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18250.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Data on the energy and mining workforce from federal data sources." National Research Council. 2013. Emerging Workforce Trends in the U.S. Energy and Mining Industries: A Call to Action. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18250.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Data on the energy and mining workforce from federal data sources." National Research Council. 2013. Emerging Workforce Trends in the U.S. Energy and Mining Industries: A Call to Action. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18250.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Data on the energy and mining workforce from federal data sources." National Research Council. 2013. Emerging Workforce Trends in the U.S. Energy and Mining Industries: A Call to Action. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18250.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Data on the energy and mining workforce from federal data sources." National Research Council. 2013. Emerging Workforce Trends in the U.S. Energy and Mining Industries: A Call to Action. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18250.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Data on the energy and mining workforce from federal data sources." National Research Council. 2013. Emerging Workforce Trends in the U.S. Energy and Mining Industries: A Call to Action. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18250.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Data on the energy and mining workforce from federal data sources." National Research Council. 2013. Emerging Workforce Trends in the U.S. Energy and Mining Industries: A Call to Action. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18250.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Data on the energy and mining workforce from federal data sources." National Research Council. 2013. Emerging Workforce Trends in the U.S. Energy and Mining Industries: A Call to Action. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18250.
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C Data on the energy and mining workforce from federal data sources 338 Emerging Workforce Camera-Ready-June2015.indd 338 7/13/2015 4:05:47 PM

Table C.1. Average annual U.S. energy and mining private sector employment, by NAICS code (2005-2010). NAICS NAICS Title 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Code 211 Oil and Gas Extraction 125,818 134,858 146,081 160,081 160,688 158,423 APPENDIX C 212 Mining (except Oil and Gas) 211,321 219,243 219,932 223,149 206,769 203,498 213 Support Activities for Mining 223,277 262,498 294,264 330,168 273,910 289,709 Electric Power Generation, Emerging Workforce Camera-Ready-June2015.indd 339 2211 398,381 394,403 395,970 402,504 404,500 395,960 Transmission and Distribution 2212 Natural Gas Distribution 106,478 106,351 106,287 107,988 108,915 108,605 Steam and Air-Conditioning 22133 1,913 1,777 1,771 1,857 1,995 1,935 Supply 2371 Utility System Construction 393,908 424,661 444,931 447,404 393,857 380,665 Petroleum and Coal Products 324 112,241 113,056 115,169 116,248 114,506 110,972 Manufacturing 331 Primary Metal Manufacturing 464,836 463,139 455,683 443,867 363,744 361,211 Mining and Oil and Gas Field 33313 55,692 63,627 71,677 75,690 71,574 70,335 Machinery Manufacturing Turbine and Turbine Generator 333611 19,484 19,797 21,663 25,037 26,093 26,646 Set Units Manufacturing 486 Pipeline Transportation 37,910 38,676 40,303 41,116 41,384 42,265 TOTAL 2,151,259 2,242,086 2,313,731 2,375,109 2,167,935 2,150,224 SOURCE: BLS 2011d. Additional tabulations by the National Research Council. 339 7/13/2015 4:05:47 PM

Table C.2. Average annual U.S. energy and mining federal government employment, by NAICS code (2005-2010). 340 NAICS NAICS Title 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Code 211 Oil and Gas Extraction 212 Mining (except Oil and Gas) 213 Support Activities for Mining Emerging Workforce Camera-Ready-June2015.indd 340 Electric Power Generation, 2211 12,525 12,437 12,315 12,033 12,381 12,801 Transmission and Distribution 2212 Natural Gas Distribution Steam and Air-Conditioning 22133 Supply 2371 Utility System Construction 6 6 6 5 5 5 Petroleum and Coal Products 324 Manufacturing 331 Primary Metal Manufacturing Mining and Oil and Gas Field 33313 Machinery Manufacturing Turbine and Turbine Generator 333611 Set Units Manufacturing 486 Pipeline Transportation TOTAL 12,531 12,443 12,321 12,038 12,386 12,806 NOTE: A blank cell indicates data is not disclosable or is not applicable. SOURCE: BLS 2011d. Table C.3. Average annual U.S. energy and mining state government employment, by NAICS code (2005-2010). APPENDIX C 7/13/2015 4:05:47 PM

NAICS NAICS 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Code Title 211 Oil and Gas Extraction APPENDIX C 212 Mining (except Oil and Gas) 213 Support Activities for Mining Electric Power Generation, 2211 4,015 3,961 3,962 3,856 3,873 3,849 Emerging Workforce Camera-Ready-June2015.indd 341 Transmission and Distribution 2212 Natural Gas Distribution Steam and Air-Conditioning 22133 Supply 2371 Utility System Construction Petroleum and Coal Products 324 Manufacturing 331 Primary Metal Manufacturing Mining and Oil and Gas Field 33313 Machinery Manufacturing Turbine and Turbine Generator Set 333611 Units Manufacturing 486 Pipeline Transportation TOTAL 4,015 3,961 3,962 3,856 3,873 3,849 NOTE: A blank cell indicates data is not disclosable or is not applicable. Source: BLS 2011d. 341 7/13/2015 4:05:47 PM

Table C.4. Average annual U.S. energy and mining local government employment, by NAICS code (2005-2010). 342 NAICS NAICS 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Code Title 211 Oil and Gas Extraction 212 Mining (except Oil and Gas) 559 448 349 268 213 Support Activities for Mining Emerging Workforce Camera-Ready-June2015.indd 342 Electric Power Generation, 2211 74,101 73,879 75,859 77,135 78,031 76,623 Transmission and Distribution 2212 Natural Gas Distribution 8,916 8,819 8,654 7,872 7,870 6,533 Steam and Air-Conditioning 22133 110 110 110 108 111 256 Supply 2371 Utility System Construction 830 892 1,077 1,388 1,395 1,597 Petroleum and Coal Products 324 Manufacturing 331 Primary Metal Manufacturing Mining and Oil and Gas Field 33313 Machinery Manufacturing Turbine and Turbine Generator Set 333611 Units Manufacturing 486 Pipeline Transportation 1,718 1,687 913 926 901 886 TOTAL 86,234 85,835 86,613 87,429 88,657 86,163 NOTE: A blank cell indicates data is not disclosable or is not applicable.Source: BLS 2011d. APPENDIX C 7/13/2015 4:05:47 PM

Table C.5. Mapping of U.S. energy and mining NAICS industries to Census industries. NAICS Code NAICS Title Census Code Census Title APPENDIX C 211 Oil and Gas Extraction 0370 Oil and gas extraction 0380 Coal mining 212 Mining (except Oil and Gas) 0390 Metal ore mining 0470 Nonmetallic mineral mining and quarrying Emerging Workforce Camera-Ready-June2015.indd 343 213 Support Activities for Mining 0490 Support activities for mining Electric Power Generation, Transmission and Electric power generation, transmission, and 2211 0570 Distribution distribution 0580 Natural gas distribution 2212 Natural Gas Distribution 0590 Electric and gas, and other combinations1 22133 Steam and Air-Conditioning Supply 0670 Water, steam, air-conditioning, and irrigation systems2 2371 Utility System Construction N/A N/A3 324 Petroleum and Coal Products Manufacturing 2070-2090 Petroleum and coal products manufacturing Primary metals and fabricated metal products 331 Primary Metal Manufacturing 2670-2990 manufacturing4 Mining and Oil and Gas Field Machinery Construction, and mining and oil and gas field 33313 3080 Manufacturing machinery manufacturing5 Turbine and Turbine Generator Set Units Engines, turbines, and power transmission equipment 333611 3180 Manufacturing manufacturing6 486 Pipeline Transportation 6270 Pipeline transportation 1 Parts of both NAICS 2211 and 2212. 343 7/13/2015 4:05:48 PM

2 Includes NAICS 22131 (Water Supply and Irrigation Systems) 344 3 The Census industry coding system has a single code representing the entire construction sector (NAICS 23) 4 Includes NAICS 332 (Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing) 5 Includes NAICS 33312 (Construction Machinery Manufacturing) 6Includes NAICS 333612 (Speed Changer, Industrial High-Speed Drive, and Gear Manufacturing), 333613 (Mechanical Power Transmission Equipment Manufacturing), and 333618 (Other Engine Equipment Manufacturing). SOURCE: BLS 2011d,e. Emerging Workforce Camera-Ready-June2015.indd 344 APPENDIX C 7/13/2015 4:05:48 PM

Table C.6. Employment estimates for U.S. private sector energy and mining occupations, 2010. Percent of Standard Energy and Percent of APPENDIX C Occupation 2010 Mining Occupation Code Standard Occupation Title Employment Employment Employment 11-1011 Chief Executives 5,110 0.26% 2.2% 11-1021 General and Operations Managers 39,810 2.00% 2.5% Emerging Workforce Camera-Ready-June2015.indd 345 11-2021 Marketing Managers 1,870 0.09% 1.2% 11-2022 Sales Managers 3,070 0.15% 1.0% 11-2031 Public Relations and Fundraising Managers 590 0.03% 1.3% 11-3011 Administrative Services Managers 3,500 0.18% 1.9% 11-3021 Computer and Information Systems Managers 2,290 0.12% 0.9% 11-3031 Financial Managers 7,170 0.36% 1.7% 11-3051 Industrial Production Managers 9,500 0.48% 6.7% 11-3061 Purchasing Managers 1,340 0.07% 2.3% 11-3071 Transportation, Storage, and Distribution Managers 1,490 0.07% 2.0% 11-3111 Compensation and Benefits Managers 550 0.03% 2.1% 11-3121 Human Resources Managers 1,490 0.07% 2.8% 11-3131 Training and Development Managers 340 0.02% 1.4% 11-9021 Construction Managers 10,820 0.54% 5.9% 11-9041 Architectural and Engineering Managers 7,150 0.36% 4.5% 11-9121 Natural Sciences Managers 310 0.02% 1.0% 11-9141 Property, Real Estate, and Community Association Managers 1,690 0.09% 1.2% 11-9161 Emergency Management Directors 310 0.02% 8.1% 11-9199 Managers, All Other 6,850 0.34% 3.0% 345 7/13/2015 4:05:48 PM

Percent of 346 Standard Energy and Percent of Occupation 2010 Mining Occupation Code Standard Occupation Title Employment Employment Employment 13-1021 Buyers and Purchasing Agents, Farm Products 50 0.00% 0.5% 13-1022 Wholesale and Retail Buyers, Except Farm Products 170 0.01% 0.2% 13-1023 Purchasing Agents, Except Wholesale, Retail, and Farm Products 8,550 0.43% 4.0% 13-1031 Claims Adjusters, Examiners, and Investigators 170 0.01% 0.1% Emerging Workforce Camera-Ready-June2015.indd 346 13-1041 Compliance Officers 4,260 0.21% 4.8% 13-1051 Cost Estimators 6,050 0.30% 3.3% Human Resources, Training, and Labor Relations Specialists, All 13-1078 4,240 0.21% 1.3% Other 13-1081 Logisticians 3,520 0.18% 4.6% 13-1111 Management Analysts 7,800 0.39% 1.8% 13-1141 Compensation, Benefits, and Job Analysis Specialists 1,520 0.08% 1.8% 13-1151 Training and Development Specialists 4,490 0.23% 2.5% 13-1161 Market Research Analysts and Marketing Specialists 2,820 0.14% 1.1% 13-1199 Business Operations Specialists, All Other 14,730 0.74% 2.3% 13-2011 Accountants and Auditors 20,810 1.05% 2.2% 13-2021 Appraisers and Assessors of Real Estate 40 0.00% 0.1% 13-2031 Budget Analysts 430 0.02% 1.6% 13-2041 Credit Analysts 220 0.01% 0.4% 13-2051 Financial Analysts 4,710 0.24% 2.2% 13-2061 Financial Examiners 70 0.00% 0.4% 13-2099 Financial Specialists, All Other 800 0.04% 0.7% APPENDIX C 7/13/2015 4:05:48 PM

Percent of Standard Energy and Percent of Occupation 2010 Mining Occupation Code Standard Occupation Title Employment Employment Employment APPENDIX C 15-1111 Computer and Information Research Scientists 30 0.00% 0.2% 15-1121 Computer Systems Analysts 7,230 0.36% 1.6% 15-1131 Computer Programmers 1,670 0.08% 0.5% 15-1132 Software Developers, Applications 1,920 0.10% 0.4% Emerging Workforce Camera-Ready-June2015.indd 347 15-1133 Software Developers, Systems Software 1,340 0.07% 0.4% 15-1141 Database Administrators 740 0.04% 0.8% 15-1142 Network and Computer Systems Administrators 3,750 0.19% 1.3% 15-1150 Computer Support Specialists 4,590 0.23% 0.9% Information Security Analysts, Web Developers, and Computer 15-1179 1,840 0.09% 0.8% Network Architects 15-1799 Computer Occupations, All Other 1,470 0.07% 1.5% 15-2031 Operations Research Analysts 580 0.03% 1.2% 17-1021 Cartographers and Photogrammetrists 290 0.01% 4.0% 17-1022 Surveyors 1,390 0.07% 3.6% 17-2041 Chemical Engineers 2,540 0.13% 9.5% 17-2051 Civil Engineers 5,630 0.28% 3.2% 17-2061 Computer Hardware Engineers 17-2071 Electrical Engineers 17,370 0.87% 12.4% 17-2072 Electronics Engineers, Except Computer 640 0.03% 0.6% 17-2081 Environmental Engineers 1,950 0.10% 5.6% 347 7/13/2015 4:05:48 PM

Percent of 348 Standard Energy and Percent of Occupation 2010 Mining Occupation Code Standard Occupation Title Employment Employment Employment Health and Safety Engineers, Except Mining Safety Engineers and 17-2111 2,160 0.11% 11.1% Inspectors 17-2112 Industrial Engineers 7,120 0.36% 3.5% 17-2131 Materials Engineers 2,920 0.15% 14.5% Emerging Workforce Camera-Ready-June2015.indd 348 17-2141 Mechanical Engineers 5,050 0.25% 2.3% 17-2151 Mining and Geological Engineers, Including Mining Safety Engineers 2,870 0.14% 50.4% 17-2161 Nuclear Engineers 6,760 0.34% 44.2% 17-2171 Petroleum Engineers 20,610 1.04% 74.4% 17-2199 Engineers, All Other 7,890 0.40% 7.5% 17-3011 Architectural and Civil Drafters 350 0.02% 0.4% 17-3012 Electrical and Electronics Drafters 2,370 0.12% 8.5% 17-3013 Mechanical Drafters 1,090 0.05% 1.7% 17-3019 Drafters, All Other 500 0.03% 3.4% 17-3022 Civil Engineering Technicians 950 0.05% 2.3% 17-3023 Electrical and Electronics Engineering Technicians 11,290 0.57% 9.0% 17-3024 Electro-Mechanical Technicians 910 0.05% 5.9% 17-3025 Environmental Engineering Technicians 730 0.04% 4.9% 17-3026 Industrial Engineering Technicians 2,210 0.11% 3.7% 17-3027 Mechanical Engineering Technicians 1,860 0.09% 4.3% 17-3029 Engineering Technicians, Except Drafters, All Other 5,060 0.25% 12.3% 17-3031 Surveying and Mapping Technicians 3,040 0.15% 7.1% APPENDIX C 7/13/2015 4:05:48 PM

Percent of Standard Energy and Percent of Occupation 2010 Mining Occupation Code Standard Occupation Title Employment Employment Employment APPENDIX C 19-1032 Foresters 210 0.01% 8.0% 19-2012 Physicists 220 0.01% 1.9% 19-2031 Chemists 1,930 0.10% 2.9% 19-2032 Materials Scientists 40 0.00% 0.5% Emerging Workforce Camera-Ready-June2015.indd 349 19-2041 Environmental Scientists and Specialists, Including Health 1,890 0.10% 4.7% 19-2042 Geoscientists, Except Hydrologists and Geographers 8,240 0.41% 34.5% 19-2099 Physical Scientists, All Other 480 0.02% 4.1% 19-3011 Economists 90 0.00% 1.6% 19-3051 Urban and Regional Planners 19-4031 Chemical Technicians 3,850 0.19% 6.9% 19-4041 Geological and Petroleum Technicians 8,710 0.44% 65.7% 19-4051 Nuclear Technicians 3,140 0.16% 46.4% 19-4091 Environmental Science and Protection Technicians, Including Health 660 0.03% 3.9% 19-4099 Life, Physical, and Social Science Technicians, All Other 360 0.02% 1.1% 23-1011 Lawyers 2,120 0.11% 0.5% 23-2011 Paralegals and Legal Assistants 410 0.02% 0.2% 23-2093 Title Examiners, Abstractors, and Searchers 1,160 0.06% 2.4% 23-2099 Legal Support Workers, All Other 25-9021 Farm and Home Management Advisors 40 0.00% 1.5% 25-9031 Instructional Coordinators 30 0.00% 0.1% 27-1021 Commercial and Industrial Designers 40 0.00% 0.1% 349 7/13/2015 4:05:48 PM

Percent of 350 Standard Energy and Percent of Occupation 2010 Mining Occupation Code Standard Occupation Title Employment Employment Employment 27-1024 Graphic Designers 190 0.01% 0.1% 27-3031 Public Relations Specialists 1,570 0.08% 0.8% 27-3041 Editors 40 0.00% 0.0% 27-3042 Technical Writers Emerging Workforce Camera-Ready-June2015.indd 350 29-1111 Registered Nurses 130 0.01% 0.0% 29-9011 Occupational Health and Safety Specialists 4,790 0.24% 15.2% 29-9012 Occupational Health and Safety Technicians 940 0.05% 13.6% 33-1099 First-Line Supervisors of Protective Service Workers, All Other 310 0.02% 0.8% 33-9021 Private Detectives and Investigators 90 0.00% 0.4% 33-9032 Security Guards 5,100 0.26% 0.6% 33-9091 Crossing Guards 550 0.03% 4.1% 33-9099 Protective Service Workers, All Other 430 0.02% 1.3% 35-2012 Cooks, Institution and Cafeteria 130 0.01% 0.1% 35-2019 Cooks, All Other Combined Food Preparation and Serving Workers, Including Fast 35-3021 Food First-Line Supervisors of Landscaping, Lawn Service, and 37-1012 320 0.02% 0.4% Groundskeeping Workers 37-2011 Janitors and Cleaners, Except Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners 4,270 0.21% 0.3% 37-3011 Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers 1,670 0.08% 0.2% 37-3013 Tree Trimmers and Pruners 1,260 0.06% 3.7% APPENDIX C 7/13/2015 4:05:48 PM

Percent of Standard Energy and Percent of Occupation 2010 Mining Occupation Code Standard Occupation Title Employment Employment Employment APPENDIX C 41-1011 First-Line Supervisors of Retail Sales Workers 170 0.01% 0.0% 41-1012 First-Line Supervisors of Non-Retail Sales Workers 1,190 0.06% 0.5% 41-2011 Cashiers 1,950 0.10% 0.1% 41-2022 Parts Salespersons 40 0.00% 0.0% Emerging Workforce Camera-Ready-June2015.indd 351 41-2031 Retail Salespersons 300 0.02% 0.0% 41-3031 Securities, Commodities, and Financial Services Sales Agents 590 0.03% 0.2% 41-3099 Sales Representatives, Services, All Other 4,590 0.23% 0.9% Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Technical and 41-4011 2,560 0.13% 0.7% Scientific Products Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Except 41-4012 12,120 0.61% 0.9% Technical and Scientific Products 41-9021 Real Estate Brokers 60 0.00% 0.1% 41-9022 Real Estate Sales Agents 610 0.03% 0.4% 41-9031 Sales Engineers 240 0.01% 0.4% 41-9799 Sales and Related Workers, All Other 680 0.03% 0.5% 43-1011 First-Line Supervisors of Office and Administrative Support Workers 14,930 0.75% 1.2% 43-2011 Switchboard Operators, Including Answering Service 100 0.01% 0.1% 43-3011 Bill and Account Collectors 2,800 0.14% 0.7% 43-3021 Billing and Posting Clerks 4,730 0.24% 1.0% 43-3031 Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerks 23,240 1.17% 1.6% 43-3051 Payroll and Timekeeping Clerks 4,040 0.20% 2.7% 351 7/13/2015 4:05:48 PM

Percent of 352 Standard Energy and Percent of Occupation 2010 Mining Occupation Code Standard Occupation Title Employment Employment Employment 43-3061 Procurement Clerks 490 0.02% 1.0% 43-4041 Credit Authorizers, Checkers, and Clerks 80 0.00% 0.2% 43-4051 Customer Service Representatives 32,280 1.62% 1.6% 43-4071 File Clerks 620 0.03% 0.4% Emerging Workforce Camera-Ready-June2015.indd 352 43-4151 Order Clerks 350 0.02% 0.2% 43-4161 Human Resources Assistants, Except Payroll and Timekeeping 1,680 0.08% 1.5% 43-4171 Receptionists and Information Clerks 4,260 0.21% 0.5% 43-4199 Information and Record Clerks, All Other 250 0.01% 0.3% 43-5021 Couriers and Messengers 40 0.00% 0.0% 43-5032 Dispatchers, Except Police, Fire, and Ambulance 6,280 0.32% 3.8% 43-5041 Meter Readers, Utilities 15,840 0.80% 68.4% 43-5061 Production, Planning, and Expediting Clerks 9,270 0.47% 3.7% 43-5071 Shipping, Receiving, and Traffic Clerks 6,710 0.34% 1.0% 43-5081 Stock Clerks and Order Fillers 8,090 0.41% 0.5% 43-5111 Weighers, Measurers, Checkers, and Samplers, Recordkeeping 1,860 0.09% 2.9% 43-6011 Executive Secretaries and Executive Administrative Assistants 17,190 0.86% 1.9% 43-6012 Legal Secretaries 120 0.01% 0.1% Secretaries and Administrative Assistants, Except Legal, Medical, and 43-6014 22,360 1.12% 1.6% Executive 43-9011 Computer Operators 140 0.01% 0.2% 43-9021 Data Entry Keyers 500 0.03% 0.3% APPENDIX C 7/13/2015 4:05:48 PM

Percent of Standard Energy and Percent of Occupation 2010 Mining Occupation Code Standard Occupation Title Employment Employment Employment APPENDIX C 43-9022 Word Processors and Typists 330 0.02% 1.0% 43-9051 Mail Clerks and Mail Machine Operators, Except Postal Service 240 0.01% 0.2% 43-9061 Office Clerks, General 31,250 1.57% 1.4% Emerging Workforce Camera-Ready-June2015.indd 353 43-9071 Office Machine Operators, Except Computer 43-9799 Office and Administrative Support Workers, All Other 1,400 0.07% 1.0% 45-2093 Farmworkers, Farm, Ranch, and Aquacultural Animals 100 0.01% 0.3% 45-2099 Agricultural Workers, All Other 47-1011 First-Line Supervisors of Construction Trades and Extraction Workers 56,110 2.82% 13.1% 47-2011 Boilermakers 2,550 0.13% 13.7% 47-2021 Brickmasons and Blockmasons 440 0.02% 0.7% 47-2031 Carpenters 6,870 0.35% 1.1% 47-2051 Cement Masons and Concrete Finishers 2,810 0.14% 2.0% 47-2061 Construction Laborers 87,300 4.39% 11.8% 47-2071 Paving, Surfacing, and Tamping Equipment Operators 1,930 0.10% 5.3% 47-2072 Pile-Driver Operators 530 0.03% 12.9% 47-2073 Operating Engineers and Other Construction Equipment Operators 72,150 3.63% 27.5% 47-2111 Electricians 28,050 1.41% 5.8% 47-2132 Insulation Workers, Mechanical 790 0.04% 2.9% 47-2141 Painters, Construction and Maintenance 1,060 0.05% 0.6% 47-2151 Pipelayers 18,000 0.91% 55.4% 47-2152 Plumbers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters 24,190 1.22% 7.2% 353 7/13/2015 4:05:48 PM

Percent of 354 Standard Energy and Percent of Occupation 2010 Mining Occupation Code Standard Occupation Title Employment Employment Employment 47-2171 Reinforcing Iron and Rebar Workers 320 0.02% 1.6% 47-2211 Sheet Metal Workers 70 0.00% 0.1% 47-2221 Structural Iron and Steel Workers 2,460 0.12% 4.2% 47-3012 Helpers--Carpenters 660 0.03% 1.4% Emerging Workforce Camera-Ready-June2015.indd 354 47-3013 Helpers--Electricians 680 0.03% 1.0% 47-3014 Helpers--Painters, Paperhangers, Plasterers, and Stucco Masons 47-3015 Helpers--Pipelayers, Plumbers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters 5,240 0.26% 9.2% 47-3019 Helpers, Construction Trades, All Other 840 0.04% 4.6% 47-4011 Construction and Building Inspectors 1,350 0.07% 3.6% 47-4041 Hazardous Materials Removal Workers 370 0.02% 1.0% 47-4051 Highway Maintenance Workers 90 0.00% 1.9% 47-4061 Rail-Track Laying and Maintenance Equipment Operators 70 0.00% 0.5% 47-4071 Septic Tank Servicers and Sewer Pipe Cleaners 600 0.03% 3.5% 47-4799 Construction and Related Workers, All Other 870 0.04% 2.5% 47-5011 Derrick Operators, Oil and Gas 16,790 0.84% 99.2% 47-5012 Rotary Drill Operators, Oil and Gas 19,620 0.99% 97.1% 47-5013 Service Unit Operators, Oil, Gas, and Mining 34,650 1.74% 94.6% 47-5021 Earth Drillers, Except Oil and Gas 11,410 0.57% 71.0% 47-5031 Explosives Workers, Ordnance Handling Experts, and Blasters 2,060 0.10% 52.3% 47-5041 Continuous Mining Machine Operators 13,010 0.65% 99.6% 47-5042 Mine Cutting and Channeling Machine Operators 6,240 0.31% 94.1% APPENDIX C 7/13/2015 4:05:48 PM

Percent of Standard Energy and Percent of Occupation 2010 Mining Occupation Code Standard Occupation Title Employment Employment Employment APPENDIX C 47-5049 Mining Machine Operators, All Other 2,620 0.13% 81.9% 47-5051 Rock Splitters, Quarry 2,700 0.14% 79.6% 47-5061 Roof Bolters, Mining 5,560 0.28% 99.1% 47-5071 Roustabouts, Oil and Gas 46,650 2.35% 95.4% Emerging Workforce Camera-Ready-June2015.indd 355 47-5081 Helpers--Extraction Workers 21,930 1.10% 93.9% 47-5099 Extraction Workers, All Other 5,470 0.28% 84.2% 49-1011 First-Line Supervisors of Mechanics, Installers, and Repairers 32,630 1.64% 9.2% 49-2011 Computer, Automated Teller, and Office Machine Repairers 49-2021 Radio, Cellular, and Tower Equipment Installers and Repairs 110 0.01% 1.3% Telecommunications Equipment Installers and Repairers, Except Line 49-2022 670 0.03% 0.4% Installers 49-2092 Electric Motor, Power Tool, and Related Repairers 180 0.01% 1.0% Electrical and Electronics Installers and Repairers, Transportation 49-2093 50 0.00% 0.5% Equipment Electrical and Electronics Repairers, Commercial and Industrial 49-2094 2,760 0.14% 5.2% Equipment Electrical and Electronics Repairers, Powerhouse, Substation, and 49-2095 17,970 0.90% 89.2% Relay 49-3011 Aircraft Mechanics and Service Technicians 50 0.00% 0.1% 49-3023 Automotive Service Technicians and Mechanics 3,440 0.17% 0.6% 49-3031 Bus and Truck Mechanics and Diesel Engine Specialists 7,970 0.40% 4.3% 355 7/13/2015 4:05:49 PM

Percent of 356 Standard Energy and Percent of Occupation 2010 Mining Occupation Code Standard Occupation Title Employment Employment Employment 49-3041 Farm Equipment Mechanics and Service Technicians 49-3042 Mobile Heavy Equipment Mechanics, Except Engines 14,640 0.74% 16.3% 49-3043 Rail Car Repairers 180 0.01% 1.0% 49-3093 Tire Repairers and Changers 150 0.01% 0.2% Emerging Workforce Camera-Ready-June2015.indd 356 49-9012 Control and Valve Installers and Repairers, Except Mechanical Door 22,960 1.16% 65.6% 49-9021 Heating, Air Conditioning, and Refrigeration Mechanics and Installers 1,000 0.05% 0.5% 49-9031 Home Appliance Repairers 1,160 0.06% 3.5% 49-9041 Industrial Machinery Mechanics 39,090 1.97% 15.0% 49-9043 Maintenance Workers, Machinery 7,160 0.36% 11.1% 49-9044 Millwrights 4,520 0.23% 12.4% 49-9045 Refractory Materials Repairers, Except Brickmasons 1,000 0.05% 48.5% 49-9051 Electrical Power-Line Installers and Repairers 81,790 4.11% 90.2% 49-9052 Telecommunications Line Installers and Repairers 16,450 0.83% 10.6% 49-9069 Precision Instrument and Equipment Repairers, All Other 290 0.01% 3.1% 49-9071 Maintenance and Repair Workers, General 38,320 1.93% 3.9% 49-9092 Commercial Divers 630 0.03% 17.2% 49-9096 Riggers 2,880 0.14% 23.6% 49-9098 Helpers--Installation, Maintenance, and Repair Workers 9,000 0.45% 8.2% 49-9799 Installation, Maintenance, and Repair Workers, All Other 4,350 0.22% 4.3% 51-1011 First-Line Supervisors of Production and Operating Workers 39,340 1.98% 7.4% 51-2021 Coil Winders, Tapers, and Finishers 1,340 0.07% 9.0% APPENDIX C 7/13/2015 4:05:49 PM

Percent of Standard Energy and Percent of Occupation 2010 Mining Occupation Code Standard Occupation Title Employment Employment Employment APPENDIX C 51-2022 Electrical and Electronic Equipment Assemblers 120 0.01% 0.1% 51-2023 Electromechanical Equipment Assemblers 50 0.00% 0.1% 51-2041 Structural Metal Fabricators and Fitters 860 0.04% 1.1% 51-2092 Team Assemblers 8,910 0.45% 1.0% Emerging Workforce Camera-Ready-June2015.indd 357 51-2099 Assemblers and Fabricators, All Other 1,500 0.08% 0.6% 51-4011 Computer-Controlled Machine Tool Operators, Metal and Plastic 4,340 0.22% 3.5% Computer Numerically Controlled Machine Tool Programmers, Metal 51-4012 160 0.01% 1.0% and Plastic Extruding and Drawing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, 51-4021 11,940 0.60% 15.7% Metal and Plastic 51-4022 Forging Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic 2,010 0.10% 9.2% 51-4023 Rolling Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic 16,370 0.82% 51.3% Cutting, Punching, and Press Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, 51-4031 11,630 0.59% 6.4% Metal and Plastic Drilling and Boring Machine Tool Setters, Operators, and Tenders, 51-4032 1,560 0.08% 7.0% Metal and Plastic Grinding, Lapping, Polishing, and Buffing Machine Tool Setters, 51-4033 8,410 0.42% 12.0% Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic Lathe and Turning Machine Tool Setters, Operators, and Tenders, 51-4034 1,630 0.08% 4.0% Metal and Plastic 357 7/13/2015 4:05:49 PM

Percent of 358 Standard Energy and Percent of Occupation 2010 Mining Occupation Code Standard Occupation Title Employment Employment Employment Milling and Planing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal 51-4035 2,250 0.11% and Plastic 51-4041 Machinists 8,840 0.44% 2.5% 51-4051 Metal-Refining Furnace Operators and Tenders 13,160 0.66% 86.5% Emerging Workforce Camera-Ready-June2015.indd 358 51-4052 Pourers and Casters, Metal 10,460 0.53% 93.5% 51-4061 Model Makers, Metal and Plastic 190 0.01% 3.2% 51-4062 Patternmakers, Metal and Plastic 1,470 0.07% 33.5% 51-4071 Foundry Mold and Coremakers 7,900 0.40% 78.9% Molding, Coremaking, and Casting Machine Setters, Operators, and 51-4072 11,680 0.59% 10.2% Tenders, Metal and Plastic Multiple Machine Tool Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and 51-4081 3,980 0.20% 5.7% Plastic 51-4111 Tool and Die Makers 2,860 0.14% 4.3% 51-4121 Welders, Cutters, Solderers, and Brazers 24,800 1.25% 8.0% Welding, Soldering, and Brazing Machine Setters, Operators, and 51-4122 710 0.04% 1.8% Tenders Heat Treating Equipment Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and 51-4191 4,240 0.21% 23.3% Plastic 51-4192 Layout Workers, Metal and Plastic 80 0.00% 1.0% Plating and Coating Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal 51-4193 1,260 0.06% 4.2% and Plastic APPENDIX C 7/13/2015 4:05:49 PM

Percent of Standard Energy and Percent of Occupation 2010 Mining Occupation Code Standard Occupation Title Employment Employment Employment APPENDIX C 51-4194 Tool Grinders, Filers, and Sharpeners 970 0.05% 8.1% 51-4199 Metal Workers and Plastic Workers, All Other 2,570 0.13% 11.2% 51-8011 Nuclear Power Reactor Operators 4,300 0.22% 93.9% 51-8012 Power Distributors and Dispatchers 7,440 0.37% 90.7% Emerging Workforce Camera-Ready-June2015.indd 359 51-8013 Power Plant Operators 30,350 1.53% 92.5% 51-8021 Stationary Engineers and Boiler Operators 2,980 0.15% 13.3% 51-8031 Water and Wastewater Treatment Plant and System Operators 1,440 0.07% 6.8% 51-8091 Chemical Plant and System Operators 3,170 0.16% 7.4% 51-8092 Gas Plant Operators 10,770 0.54% 83.2% 51-8093 Petroleum Pump System Operators, Refinery Operators, and Gaugers 36,690 1.85% 87.3% 51-8099 Plant and System Operators, All Other 2,490 0.13% 51-9011 Chemical Equipment Operators and Tenders 1,950 0.10% 4.2% Separating, Filtering, Clarifying, Precipitating, and Still Machine 51-9012 3,170 0.16% 8.4% Setters, Operators, and Tenders Crushing, Grinding, and Polishing Machine Setters, Operators, and 51-9021 5,310 0.27% 16.2% Tenders 51-9022 Grinding and Polishing Workers, Hand 4,180 0.21% 15.3% 51-9023 Mixing and Blending Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders 4,780 0.24% 3.9% 51-9032 Cutting and Slicing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders 570 0.03% 0.9% 359 7/13/2015 4:05:49 PM

Percent of 360 Standard Energy and Percent of Occupation 2010 Mining Occupation Code Standard Occupation Title Employment Employment Employment Extruding, Forming, Pressing, and Compacting Machine Setters, 51-9041 840 0.04% 1.3% Operators, and Tenders 51-9051 Furnace, Kiln, Oven, Drier, and Kettle Operators and Tenders 2,870 0.14% 15.6% Emerging Workforce Camera-Ready-June2015.indd 360 51-9061 Inspectors, Testers, Sorters, Samplers, and Weighers 21,060 1.06% 5.2% 51-9071 Jewelers and Precious Stone and Metal Workers 50 0.00% 0.2% 51-9111 Packaging and Filling Machine Operators and Tenders 4,470 0.22% 1.3% Coating, Painting, and Spraying Machine Setters, Operators, and 51-9121 1,750 0.09% 2.3% Tenders Cleaning, Washing, and Metal Pickling Equipment Operators and 51-9192 700 0.04% 3.8% Tenders 51-9195 Molders, Shapers, and Casters, Except Metal and Plastic 560 0.03% 1.7% 51-9198 Helpers--Production Workers 17,830 0.90% 4.5% 51-9399 Production Workers, All Other 7,620 0.38% 3.4% First-Line Supervisors of Helpers, Laborers, and Material Movers, 53-1021 2,450 0.12% 1.5% Hand First-Line Supervisors of Transportation and Material-Moving 53-1031 5,420 0.27% 3.2% Machine and Vehicle Operators 53-2012 Commercial Pilots 330 0.02% 1.1% 53-3031 Driver/Sales Workers 240 0.01% 0.1% 53-3032 Heavy and Tractor-Trailer Truck Drivers 41,940 2.11% 2.9% 53-3033 Light Truck or Delivery Services Drivers 2,790 0.14% 0.4% APPENDIX C 7/13/2015 4:05:49 PM

Percent of Standard Energy and Percent of Occupation 2010 Mining Occupation Code Standard Occupation Title Employment Employment Employment APPENDIX C 53-3099 Motor Vehicle Operators, All Other 150 0.01% 0.3% 53-4011 Locomotive Engineers 100 0.01% 0.2% 53-4013 Rail Yard Engineers, Dinkey Operators, and Hostlers 360 0.02% 6.5% 53-5011 Sailors and Marine Oilers 270 0.01% 1.0% Emerging Workforce Camera-Ready-June2015.indd 361 53-5021 Captains, Mates, and Pilots of Water Vessels 660 0.03% 2.4% 53-6031 Automotive and Watercraft Service Attendants 53-6099 Transportation Workers, All Other 40 0.00% 0.1% 53-7011 Conveyor Operators and Tenders 2,290 0.12% 6.2% 53-7021 Crane and Tower Operators 9,500 0.48% 24.9% 53-7031 Dredge Operators 1,110 0.06% 69.8% 53-7032 Excavating and Loading Machine and Dragline Operators 17,390 0.87% 37.0% 53-7033 Loading Machine Operators, Underground Mining 2,910 0.15% 95.4% 53-7041 Hoist and Winch Operators 720 0.04% 26.0% 53-7051 Industrial Truck and Tractor Operators 14,510 0.73% 2.8% 53-7061 Cleaners of Vehicles and Equipment 360 0.02% 0.1% 53-7062 Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, Hand 26,960 1.36% 1.4% 53-7063 Machine Feeders and Offbearers 2,680 0.13% 2.2% 53-7064 Packers and Packagers, Hand 2,800 0.14% 0.4% 53-7071 Gas Compressor and Gas Pumping Station Operators 3,110 0.16% 79.3% 53-7072 Pump Operators, Except Wellhead Pumpers 6,010 0.30% 65.5% 53-7073 Wellhead Pumpers 12,820 0.64% 99.0% 361 7/13/2015 4:05:49 PM

Percent of 362 Standard Energy and Percent of Occupation 2010 Mining Occupation Code Standard Occupation Title Employment Employment Employment 53-7111 Mine Shuttle Car Operators 3,060 0.15% 99.4% 53-7121 Tank Car, Truck, and Ship Loaders 1,200 0.06% 11.6% 53-7199 Material Moving Workers, All Other 530 0.03% 2.1% NOTES: The table includes occupations in the following energy and mining NAICS codes: 211, 212, 213, 2211, 2212, 2371, 324, 331, 486 (and excludes Emerging Workforce Camera-Ready-June2015.indd 362 22133, 33313, and 333611 because data by occupation is not available for these NAICS codes). A blank cell indicates information is not available. SOURCE: BLS 2012c. Additional tabulations by the National Research Council. APPENDIX C 7/13/2015 4:05:49 PM

Table C.7. Education, experience, and training requirements for U.S. energy and mining occupations. Standard Typical on-the-job Typical education needed Work experience in Occupation Standard Occupation Title training needed to attain High Skill? APPENDIX C for entry a related occupation Code competency 11-1011 Chief Executives Bachelor’s degree More than 5 years None Yes General and Operations 11-1021 Associate’s degree 1 to 5 years None Yes Managers Emerging Workforce Camera-Ready-June2015.indd 363 11-2021 Marketing Managers Bachelor’s degree 1 to 5 years None Yes 11-2022 Sales Managers Bachelor’s degree 1 to 5 years None Yes Public Relations and 11-2031 Bachelor’s degree 1 to 5 years None Yes Fundraising Managers Administrative Services High school diploma or 11-3011 1 to 5 years None Yes Managers equivalent Computer and Information 11-3021 Bachelor’s degree More than 5 years None Yes Systems Managers 11-3031 Financial Managers Bachelor’s degree More than 5 years None Yes 11-3051 Industrial Production Managers Bachelor’s degree 1 to 5 years None Yes 11-3061 Purchasing Managers Bachelor’s degree More than 5 years None Yes Transportation, Storage, and High school diploma or 11-3071 More than 5 years None Yes Distribution Managers equivalent Compensation and Benefits 11-3111 Bachelor’s degree 1 to 5 years None Yes Managers 11-3121 Human Resources Managers Bachelor’s degree 1 to 5 years None Yes Training and Development 11-3131 Bachelor’s degree 1 to 5 years None Yes Managers 363 7/13/2015 4:05:49 PM

364 Standard Typical on-the-job Typical education needed Work experience in Occupation Standard Occupation Title training needed to attain High Skill? for entry a related occupation Code competency 11-9021 Construction Managers Associate’s degree More than 5 years None Yes Architectural and Engineering 11-9041 Bachelor’s degree More than 5 years None Yes Managers 11-9121 Natural Sciences Managers Bachelor’s degree More than 5 years None Yes Emerging Workforce Camera-Ready-June2015.indd 364 Property, Real Estate, and High school diploma or 11-9141 Community Association 1 to 5 years None Yes equivalent Managers Emergency Management Long-term on-the-job 11-9161 Bachelor’s degree 1 to 5 years Yes Directors training High school diploma or 11-9199 Managers, All Other 1 to 5 years None Yes equivalent Buyers and Purchasing Agents, High school diploma or Long-term on-the-job 13-1021 None Yes Farm Products equivalent training Wholesale and Retail Buyers, High school diploma or Long-term on-the-job 13-1022 None Yes Except Farm Products equivalent training Purchasing Agents, Except High school diploma or Long-term on-the-job 13-1023 Wholesale, Retail, and Farm None Yes equivalent training Products Claims Adjusters, Examiners, High school diploma or Long-term on-the-job 13-1031 None Yes and Investigators equivalent training Moderate-term on-the-job 13-1041 Compliance Officers Bachelor’s degree None Yes training 13-1051 Cost Estimators Bachelor’s degree None None Yes APPENDIX C 7/13/2015 4:05:49 PM

Standard Typical on-the-job Typical education needed Work experience in Occupation Standard Occupation Title training needed to attain High Skill? for entry a related occupation Code competency APPENDIX C Human Resources, Training, 13-1078 and Labor Relations Specialists, Bachelor’s degree None None Yes All Other 13-1081 Logisticians Bachelor’s degree 1 to 5 years None Yes Emerging Workforce Camera-Ready-June2015.indd 365 13-1111 Management Analysts Bachelor’s degree 1 to 5 years None Yes Compensation, Benefits, and Job 13-1141 Bachelor’s degree None None Yes Analysis Specialists Training and Development 13-1151 Bachelor’s degree None None Yes Specialists Market Research Analysts and 13-1161 Bachelor’s degree None None Yes Marketing Specialists Business Operations Specialists, High school diploma or Long-term on-the-job 13-1199 Less than 1 year Yes All Other equivalent training 13-2011 Accountants and Auditors Bachelor’s degree None None Yes Appraisers and Assessors of High school diploma or 13-2021 None Apprenticeship Yes Real Estate equivalent 13-2031 Budget Analysts Bachelor’s degree None None Yes 13-2041 Credit Analysts Bachelor’s degree None None Yes 13-2051 Financial Analysts Bachelor’s degree None None Yes Moderate-term on-the-job 13-2061 Financial Examiners Bachelor’s degree None Yes training 365 7/13/2015 4:05:49 PM

366 Standard Typical on-the-job Typical education needed Work experience in Occupation Standard Occupation Title training needed to attain High Skill? for entry a related occupation Code competency Moderate-term on-the-job 13-2099 Financial Specialists, All Other Bachelor’s degree None Yes training Computer and Information Doctoral or professional 15-1111 None None Yes Research Scientists degree Emerging Workforce Camera-Ready-June2015.indd 366 15-1121 Computer Systems Analysts Bachelor’s degree None None Yes 15-1131 Computer Programmers Bachelor’s degree None None Yes Software Developers, 15-1132 Bachelor’s degree None None Yes Applications Software Developers, Systems 15-1133 Bachelor’s degree None None Yes Software 15-1141 Database Administrators Bachelor’s degree 1 to 5 years None Yes Network and Computer Systems 15-1142 Bachelor’s degree None None Yes Administrators Moderate-term on-the-job 15-1150 Computer Support Specialists Some college, no degree None Yes training Information Security Analysts, 15-1179 Web Developers, and Computer Bachelor’s degree 1 to 5 years None Yes Network Architects Computer Occupations, All 15-1799 Bachelor’s degree None None Yes Other 15-2031 Operations Research Analysts Bachelor’s degree None None Yes Cartographers and 17-1021 Bachelor’s degree None None Yes Photogrammetrists APPENDIX C 7/13/2015 4:05:49 PM

Standard Typical on-the-job Typical education needed Work experience in Occupation Standard Occupation Title training needed to attain High Skill? for entry a related occupation Code competency APPENDIX C 17-1022 Surveyors Bachelor’s degree None None Yes 17-2041 Chemical Engineers Bachelor’s degree None None Yes 17-2051 Civil Engineers Bachelor’s degree None None Yes 17-2061 Computer Hardware Engineers Bachelor’s degree None None Yes Emerging Workforce Camera-Ready-June2015.indd 367 17-2071 Electrical Engineers Bachelor’s degree None None Yes Electronics Engineers, Except 17-2072 Bachelor’s degree None None Yes Computer 17-2081 Environmental Engineers Bachelor’s degree None None Yes Health and Safety Engineers, 17-2111 Except Mining Safety Engineers Bachelor’s degree None None Yes and Inspectors 17-2112 Industrial Engineers Bachelor’s degree None None Yes 17-2131 Materials Engineers Bachelor’s degree None None Yes 17-2141 Mechanical Engineers Bachelor’s degree None None Yes Mining and Geological 17-2151 Engineers, Including Mining Bachelor’s degree None None Yes Safety Engineers 17-2161 Nuclear Engineers Bachelor’s degree None None Yes 17-2171 Petroleum Engineers Bachelor’s degree None None Yes 17-2199 Engineers, All Other Bachelor’s degree None None Yes 17-3011 Architectural and Civil Drafters Associate’s degree None None Yes Electrical and Electronics 17-3012 Associate’s degree None None Yes Drafters 367 7/13/2015 4:05:49 PM

368 Standard Typical on-the-job Typical education needed Work experience in Occupation Standard Occupation Title training needed to attain High Skill? for entry a related occupation Code competency 17-3013 Mechanical Drafters Associate’s degree None None Yes 17-3019 Drafters, All Other Associate’s degree None None Yes 17-3022 Civil Engineering Technicians Associate’s degree None None Yes Emerging Workforce Camera-Ready-June2015.indd 368 Electrical and Electronics 17-3023 Associate’s degree None None Yes Engineering Technicians 17-3024 Electro-Mechanical Technicians Associate’s degree None None Yes Environmental Engineering 17-3025 Associate’s degree None None Yes Technicians Industrial Engineering 17-3026 Associate’s degree None None Yes Technicians Mechanical Engineering 17-3027 Associate’s degree None None Yes Technicians Engineering Technicians, Except 17-3029 Associate’s degree None None Yes Drafters, All Other Surveying and Mapping High school diploma or Moderate-term on-the-job 17-3031 None No Technicians equivalent training 19-1032 Foresters Bachelor’s degree None None Yes Doctoral or professional 19-2012 Physicists None None Yes degree 19-2031 Chemists Bachelor’s degree None None Yes 19-2032 Materials Scientists Bachelor’s degree None None Yes APPENDIX C 7/13/2015 4:05:50 PM

Standard Typical on-the-job Typical education needed Work experience in Occupation Standard Occupation Title training needed to attain High Skill? for entry a related occupation Code competency APPENDIX C Environmental Scientists and 19-2041 Bachelor’s degree None None Yes Specialists, Including Health Geoscientists, Except 19-2042 Bachelor’s degree None None Yes Hydrologists and Geographers Emerging Workforce Camera-Ready-June2015.indd 369 19-2099 Physical Scientists, All Other Bachelor’s degree None None Yes 19-3011 Economists Bachelor’s degree None None Yes 19-3051 Urban and Regional Planners Master’s degree None None Yes Moderate-term on-the-job 19-4031 Chemical Technicians Associate’s degree None Yes training Geological and Petroleum Moderate-term on-the-job 19-4041 Associate’s degree None Yes Technicians training Moderate-term on-the-job 19-4051 Nuclear Technicians Associate’s degree None Yes training Environmental Science and Moderate-term on-the-job 19-4091 Protection Technicians, Associate’s degree None Yes training Including Health Life, Physical, and Social Moderate-term on-the-job 19-4099 Associate’s degree None Yes Science Technicians, All Other training Doctoral or professional 23-1011 Lawyers None None Yes degree 23-2011 Paralegals and Legal Assistants Associate’s degree None None Yes 369 7/13/2015 4:05:50 PM

370 Standard Typical on-the-job Typical education needed Work experience in Occupation Standard Occupation Title training needed to attain High Skill? for entry a related occupation Code competency Title Examiners, Abstractors, High school diploma or Short-term on-the-job 23-2093 None No and Searchers equivalent training Legal Support Workers, All High school diploma or Short-term on-the-job 23-2099 None No Other equivalent training Emerging Workforce Camera-Ready-June2015.indd 370 Farm and Home Management 25-9021 Master’s degree None None Yes Advisors 25-9031 Instructional Coordinators Master’s degree More than 5 years None Yes Commercial and Industrial 27-1021 Bachelor’s degree None None Yes Designers 27-1024 Graphic Designers Bachelor’s degree None None Yes Moderate-term on-the-job 27-3031 Public Relations Specialists Bachelor’s degree None Yes training 27-3041 Editors Bachelor’s degree 1 to 5 years None Yes Short-term on-the-job 27-3042 Technical Writers Bachelor’s degree 1 to 5 years Yes training 29-1111 Registered Nurses Associate’s degree None None Yes Occupational Health and Safety Moderate-term on-the-job 29-9011 Bachelor’s degree None Yes Specialists training Occupational Health and Safety High school diploma or Moderate-term on-the-job 29-9012 None No Technicians equivalent training APPENDIX C 7/13/2015 4:05:50 PM

Standard Typical on-the-job Typical education needed Work experience in Occupation Standard Occupation Title training needed to attain High Skill? for entry a related occupation Code competency APPENDIX C First-Line Supervisors of High school diploma or 33-1099 Protective Service Workers, All 1 to 5 years None Yes equivalent Other Private Detectives and Moderate-term on-the-job 33-9021 Some college, no degree 1 to 5 years Yes Emerging Workforce Camera-Ready-June2015.indd 371 Investigators training High school diploma or Short-term on-the-job 33-9032 Security Guards None No equivalent training High school diploma or Short-term on-the-job 33-9091 Crossing Guards None No equivalent training Protective Service Workers, All High school diploma or Short-term on-the-job 33-9099 None No Other equivalent training Short-term on-the-job 35-2012 Cooks, Institution and Cafeteria Less than high school None No training Moderate-term on-the-job 35-2019 Cooks, All Other Less than high school None No training Combined Food Preparation Short-term on-the-job 35-3021 and Serving Workers, Including Less than high school None No training Fast Food First-Line Supervisors of High school diploma or 37-1012 Landscaping, Lawn Service, and 1 to 5 years None Yes equivalent Groundskeeping Workers 371 7/13/2015 4:05:50 PM

372 Standard Typical on-the-job Typical education needed Work experience in Occupation Standard Occupation Title training needed to attain High Skill? for entry a related occupation Code competency Janitors and Cleaners, Except Short-term on-the-job 37-2011 Maids and Housekeeping Less than high school None No training Cleaners Landscaping and Short-term on-the-job 37-3011 Less than high school None No Emerging Workforce Camera-Ready-June2015.indd 372 Groundskeeping Workers training High school diploma or Short-term on-the-job 37-3013 Tree Trimmers and Pruners None No equivalent training First-Line Supervisors of Retail High school diploma or 41-1011 1 to 5 years None Yes Sales Workers equivalent First-Line Supervisors of Non- High school diploma or 41-1012 More than 5 years None Yes Retail Sales Workers equivalent Short-term on-the-job 41-2011 Cashiers Less than high school None No training Moderate-term on-the-job 41-2022 Parts Salespersons Less than high school None No training Short-term on-the-job 41-2031 Retail Salespersons Less than high school None No training Securities, Commodities, and Moderate-term on-the-job 41-3031 Bachelor’s degree None Yes Financial Services Sales Agents training Sales Representatives, Services, High school diploma or Short-term on-the-job 41-3099 None No All Other equivalent training APPENDIX C 7/13/2015 4:05:50 PM

Standard Typical on-the-job Typical education needed Work experience in Occupation Standard Occupation Title training needed to attain High Skill? for entry a related occupation Code competency APPENDIX C Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Moderate-term on-the-job 41-4011 Bachelor’s degree None Yes Technical and Scientific training Products Emerging Workforce Camera-Ready-June2015.indd 373 Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing, High school diploma or Moderate-term on-the-job 41-4012 None No Except Technical and Scientific equivalent training Products High school diploma or 41-9021 Real Estate Brokers 1 to 5 years None Yes equivalent High school diploma or Long-term on-the-job 41-9022 Real Estate Sales Agents None Yes equivalent training Moderate-term on-the-job 41-9031 Sales Engineers Bachelor’s degree None Yes training Sales and Related Workers, All High school diploma or Moderate-term on-the-job 41-9799 None No Other equivalent training First-Line Supervisors of Office High school diploma or 43-1011 and Administrative Support 1 to 5 years None Yes equivalent Workers Switchboard Operators, High school diploma or Short-term on-the-job 43-2011 None No Including Answering Service equivalent training High school diploma or Moderate-term on-the-job 43-3011 Bill and Account Collectors None No equivalent training 373 7/13/2015 4:05:50 PM

374 Standard Typical on-the-job Typical education needed Work experience in Occupation Standard Occupation Title training needed to attain High Skill? for entry a related occupation Code competency High school diploma or Short-term on-the-job 43-3021 Billing and Posting Clerks None No equivalent training Bookkeeping, Accounting, and High school diploma or Moderate-term on-the-job 43-3031 None No Auditing Clerks equivalent training Emerging Workforce Camera-Ready-June2015.indd 374 High school diploma or Moderate-term on-the-job 43-3051 Payroll and Timekeeping Clerks None No equivalent training High school diploma or Moderate-term on-the-job 43-3061 Procurement Clerks None No equivalent training Credit Authorizers, Checkers, High school diploma or Short-term on-the-job 43-4041 None No and Clerks equivalent training Customer Service High school diploma or Short-term on-the-job 43-4051 None No Representatives equivalent training High school diploma or Short-term on-the-job 43-4071 File Clerks None No equivalent training High school diploma or Short-term on-the-job 43-4151 Order Clerks None No equivalent training Human Resources Assistants, High school diploma or Short-term on-the-job 43-4161 None No Except Payroll and Timekeeping equivalent training Receptionists and Information High school diploma or Short-term on-the-job 43-4171 None No Clerks equivalent training APPENDIX C 7/13/2015 4:05:50 PM

Standard Typical on-the-job Typical education needed Work experience in Occupation Standard Occupation Title training needed to attain High Skill? for entry a related occupation Code competency APPENDIX C Information and Record Clerks, High school diploma or Short-term on-the-job 43-4199 None No All Other equivalent training High school diploma or Short-term on-the-job 43-5021 Couriers and Messengers None No equivalent training Emerging Workforce Camera-Ready-June2015.indd 375 Dispatchers, Except Police, Fire, High school diploma or Moderate-term on-the-job 43-5032 None No and Ambulance equivalent training High school diploma or Short-term on-the-job 43-5041 Meter Readers, Utilities None No equivalent training Production, Planning, and High school diploma or Moderate-term on-the-job 43-5061 None No Expediting Clerks equivalent training Shipping, Receiving, and Traffic High school diploma or Short-term on-the-job 43-5071 None No Clerks equivalent training Short-term on-the-job 43-5081 Stock Clerks and Order Fillers Less than high school None No training Weighers, Measurers, Checkers, High school diploma or Short-term on-the-job 43-5111 None No and Samplers, Recordkeeping equivalent training Executive Secretaries and High school diploma or 43-6011 Executive Administrative 1 to 5 years None Yes equivalent Assistants High school diploma or Moderate-term on-the-job 43-6012 Legal Secretaries None No equivalent training 375 7/13/2015 4:05:50 PM

376 Standard Typical on-the-job Typical education needed Work experience in Occupation Standard Occupation Title training needed to attain High Skill? for entry a related occupation Code competency Secretaries and Administrative High school diploma or Short-term on-the-job 43-6014 Assistants, Except Legal, None No equivalent training Medical, and Executive Emerging Workforce Camera-Ready-June2015.indd 376 High school diploma or Moderate-term on-the-job 43-9011 Computer Operators None No equivalent training High school diploma or Moderate-term on-the-job 43-9021 Data Entry Keyers None No equivalent training High school diploma or Short-term on-the-job 43-9022 Word Processors and Typists None No equivalent training Mail Clerks and Mail Machine High school diploma or Short-term on-the-job 43-9051 None No Operators, Except Postal Service equivalent training High school diploma or Short-term on-the-job 43-9061 Office Clerks, General None No equivalent training Office Machine Operators, High school diploma or Short-term on-the-job 43-9071 None No Except Computer equivalent training Office and Administrative High school diploma or Short-term on-the-job 43-9799 None No Support Workers, All Other equivalent training Farmworkers, Farm, Ranch, and 45-2093 Aquacultural Animals 45-2099 Agricultural Workers, All Other APPENDIX C 7/13/2015 4:05:50 PM

Standard Typical on-the-job Typical education needed Work experience in Occupation Standard Occupation Title training needed to attain High Skill? for entry a related occupation Code competency APPENDIX C First-Line Supervisors of High school diploma or 47-1011 Construction Trades and More than 5 years None Yes equivalent Extraction Workers High school diploma or 47-2011 Boilermakers None Apprenticeship Yes Emerging Workforce Camera-Ready-June2015.indd 377 equivalent High school diploma or 47-2021 Brickmasons and Blockmasons None Apprenticeship Yes equivalent High school diploma or 47-2031 Carpenters None Apprenticeship Yes equivalent Cement Masons and Concrete Moderate-term on-the-job 47-2051 Less than high school None No Finishers training Short-term on-the-job 47-2061 Construction Laborers Less than high school None No training Paving, Surfacing, and Tamping High school diploma or Moderate-term on-the-job 47-2071 None No Equipment Operators equivalent training High school diploma or Moderate-term on-the-job 47-2072 Pile-Driver Operators None No equivalent training Operating Engineers and High school diploma or Moderate-term on-the-job 47-2073 Other Construction Equipment None No equivalent training Operators High school diploma or 47-2111 Electricians None Apprenticeship Yes equivalent 377 7/13/2015 4:05:50 PM

378 Standard Typical on-the-job Typical education needed Work experience in Occupation Standard Occupation Title training needed to attain High Skill? for entry a related occupation Code competency High school diploma or 47-2132 Insulation Workers, Mechanical None Apprenticeship Yes equivalent Painters, Construction and Moderate-term on-the-job 47-2141 Less than high school None No Maintenance training Emerging Workforce Camera-Ready-June2015.indd 378 High school diploma or Short-term on-the-job 47-2151 Pipelayers None No equivalent training Plumbers, Pipefitters, and High school diploma or 47-2152 None Apprenticeship Yes Steamfitters equivalent Reinforcing Iron and Rebar High school diploma or 47-2171 None Apprenticeship Yes Workers equivalent High school diploma or 47-2211 Sheet Metal Workers None Apprenticeship Yes equivalent Structural Iron and Steel High school diploma or 47-2221 None Apprenticeship Yes Workers equivalent Short-term on-the-job 47-3012 Helpers--Carpenters Less than high school None No training High school diploma or Short-term on-the-job 47-3013 Helpers--Electricians None No equivalent training Helpers--Painters, Paperhangers, Short-term on-the-job 47-3014 Less than high school None No Plasterers, and Stucco Masons training APPENDIX C 7/13/2015 4:05:50 PM

Standard Typical on-the-job Typical education needed Work experience in Occupation Standard Occupation Title training needed to attain High Skill? for entry a related occupation Code competency APPENDIX C Helpers--Pipelayers, Plumbers, High school diploma or Short-term on-the-job 47-3015 None No Pipefitters, and Steamfitters equivalent training Helpers, Construction Trades, Short-term on-the-job 47-3019 Less than high school None No All Other training Emerging Workforce Camera-Ready-June2015.indd 379 Construction and Building High school diploma or Moderate-term on-the-job 47-4011 More than 5 years Yes Inspectors equivalent training Hazardous Materials Removal High school diploma or Moderate-term on-the-job 47-4041 None No Workers equivalent training High school diploma or Moderate-term on-the-job 47-4051 Highway Maintenance Workers None No equivalent training Rail-Track Laying and High school diploma or Moderate-term on-the-job 47-4061 Maintenance Equipment None No equivalent training Operators Septic Tank Servicers and Sewer Moderate-term on-the-job 47-4071 Less than high school None No Pipe Cleaners training Construction and Related High school diploma or Moderate-term on-the-job 47-4799 None No Workers, All Other equivalent training Short-term on-the-job 47-5011 Derrick Operators, Oil and Gas Less than high school None No training Rotary Drill Operators, Oil and Moderate-term on-the-job 47-5012 Less than high school None No Gas training 379 7/13/2015 4:05:50 PM

380 Standard Typical on-the-job Typical education needed Work experience in Occupation Standard Occupation Title training needed to attain High Skill? for entry a related occupation Code competency Service Unit Operators, Oil, Moderate-term on-the-job 47-5013 Less than high school None No Gas, and Mining training Earth Drillers, Except Oil and High school diploma or Moderate-term on-the-job 47-5021 None No Gas equivalent training Emerging Workforce Camera-Ready-June2015.indd 380 Explosives Workers, Ordnance High school diploma or Moderate-term on-the-job 47-5031 None No Handling Experts, and Blasters equivalent training Continuous Mining Machine High school diploma or Moderate-term on-the-job 47-5041 None No Operators equivalent training Mine Cutting and Channeling High school diploma or Moderate-term on-the-job 47-5042 None No Machine Operators equivalent training Mining Machine Operators, All High school diploma or Moderate-term on-the-job 47-5049 None No Other equivalent training High school diploma or Moderate-term on-the-job 47-5051 Rock Splitters, Quarry None No equivalent training High school diploma or Moderate-term on-the-job 47-5061 Roof Bolters, Mining None No equivalent training Moderate-term on-the-job 47-5071 Roustabouts, Oil and Gas Less than high school None No training High school diploma or Short-term on-the-job 47-5081 Helpers--Extraction Workers None No equivalent training APPENDIX C 7/13/2015 4:05:51 PM

Standard Typical on-the-job Typical education needed Work experience in Occupation Standard Occupation Title training needed to attain High Skill? for entry a related occupation Code competency APPENDIX C High school diploma or Moderate-term on-the-job 47-5099 Extraction Workers, All Other None No equivalent training First-Line Supervisors of High school diploma or 49-1011 Mechanics, Installers, and 1 to 5 years None Yes Emerging Workforce Camera-Ready-June2015.indd 381 equivalent Repairers Computer, Automated Teller, Postsecondary non-degree 49-2011 None None Yes and Office Machine Repairers award Radio, Cellular, and Tower Moderate-term on-the-job 49-2021 Equipment Installers and Associate’s degree None Yes training Repairs Telecommunications Equipment Postsecondary non-degree Moderate-term on-the-job 49-2022 Installers and Repairers, Except None Yes award training Line Installers Electric Motor, Power Tool, and Postsecondary non-degree Long-term on-the-job 49-2092 None Yes Related Repairers award training Electrical and Electronics Postsecondary non-degree Long-term on-the-job 49-2093 Installers and Repairers, None Yes award training Transportation Equipment Electrical and Electronics Postsecondary non-degree Long-term on-the-job 49-2094 Repairers, Commercial and None Yes award training Industrial Equipment Electrical and Electronics Postsecondary non-degree Long-term on-the-job 49-2095 Repairers, Powerhouse, None Yes award training Substation, and Relay 381 7/13/2015 4:05:51 PM

382 Standard Typical on-the-job Typical education needed Work experience in Occupation Standard Occupation Title training needed to attain High Skill? for entry a related occupation Code competency Aircraft Mechanics and Service Postsecondary non-degree 49-3011 None None Yes Technicians award Automotive Service Technicians High school diploma or Long-term on-the-job 49-3023 None Yes and Mechanics equivalent training Emerging Workforce Camera-Ready-June2015.indd 382 Bus and Truck Mechanics and High school diploma or Long-term on-the-job 49-3031 None Yes Diesel Engine Specialists equivalent training Farm Equipment Mechanics and High school diploma or Long-term on-the-job 49-3041 None Yes Service Technicians equivalent training Mobile Heavy Equipment High school diploma or Long-term on-the-job 49-3042 None Yes Mechanics, Except Engines equivalent training High school diploma or Long-term on-the-job 49-3043 Rail Car Repairers None Yes equivalent training High school diploma or Moderate-term on-the-job 49-3093 Tire Repairers and Changers None No equivalent training Control and Valve Installers and High school diploma or Moderate-term on-the-job 49-9012 Repairers, Except Mechanical None No equivalent training Door Heating, Air Conditioning, and Postsecondary non-degree Long-term on-the-job 49-9021 Refrigeration Mechanics and None Yes award training Installers High school diploma or Moderate-term on-the-job 49-9031 Home Appliance Repairers None No equivalent training APPENDIX C 7/13/2015 4:05:51 PM

Standard Typical on-the-job Typical education needed Work experience in Occupation Standard Occupation Title training needed to attain High Skill? for entry a related occupation Code competency APPENDIX C High school diploma or Long-term on-the-job 49-9041 Industrial Machinery Mechanics None Yes equivalent training Maintenance Workers, High school diploma or Moderate-term on-the-job 49-9043 None No Machinery equivalent training Emerging Workforce Camera-Ready-June2015.indd 383 High school diploma or Long-term on-the-job 49-9044 Millwrights None Yes equivalent training Refractory Materials Repairers, Postsecondary non-degree Moderate-term on-the-job 49-9045 None Yes Except Brickmasons award training Electrical Power-Line Installers High school diploma or Long-term on-the-job 49-9051 None Yes and Repairers equivalent training Telecommunications Line High school diploma or Long-term on-the-job 49-9052 None Yes Installers and Repairers equivalent training Precision Instrument and Long-term on-the-job 49-9069 Associate’s degree None Yes Equipment Repairers, All Other training Maintenance and Repair High school diploma or Moderate-term on-the-job 49-9071 None No Workers, General equivalent training Postsecondary non-degree Moderate-term on-the-job 49-9092 Commercial Divers None Yes award training High school diploma or Short-term on-the-job 49-9096 Riggers None No equivalent training 383 7/13/2015 4:05:51 PM

384 Standard Typical on-the-job Typical education needed Work experience in Occupation Standard Occupation Title training needed to attain High Skill? for entry a related occupation Code competency Helpers--Installation, High school diploma or Moderate-term on-the-job 49-9098 Maintenance, and Repair None No equivalent training Workers Installation, Maintenance, and High school diploma or Moderate-term on-the-job 49-9799 None No Emerging Workforce Camera-Ready-June2015.indd 384 Repair Workers, All Other equivalent training First-Line Supervisors of Postsecondary non-degree 51-1011 Production and Operating 1 to 5 years None Yes award Workers Coil Winders, Tapers, and High school diploma or Short-term on-the-job 51-2021 None No Finishers equivalent training Electrical and Electronic High school diploma or Short-term on-the-job 51-2022 None No Equipment Assemblers equivalent training Electromechanical Equipment High school diploma or Short-term on-the-job 51-2023 None No Assemblers equivalent training Structural Metal Fabricators and High school diploma or Moderate-term on-the-job 51-2041 None No Fitters equivalent training High school diploma or Moderate-term on-the-job 51-2092 Team Assemblers None No equivalent training Assemblers and Fabricators, All High school diploma or Moderate-term on-the-job 51-2099 None No Other equivalent training Computer-Controlled Machine High school diploma or Moderate-term on-the-job 51-4011 Tool Operators, Metal and None No equivalent training Plastic APPENDIX C 7/13/2015 4:05:51 PM

Standard Typical on-the-job Typical education needed Work experience in Occupation Standard Occupation Title training needed to attain High Skill? for entry a related occupation Code competency APPENDIX C Computer Numerically High school diploma or Moderate-term on-the-job 51-4012 Controlled Machine Tool None No equivalent training Programmers, Metal and Plastic Emerging Workforce Camera-Ready-June2015.indd 385 Extruding and Drawing Machine High school diploma or Moderate-term on-the-job 51-4021 Setters, Operators, and Tenders, None No equivalent training Metal and Plastic Forging Machine Setters, High school diploma or Moderate-term on-the-job 51-4022 Operators, and Tenders, Metal None No equivalent training and Plastic Rolling Machine Setters, High school diploma or Moderate-term on-the-job 51-4023 Operators, and Tenders, Metal None No equivalent training and Plastic Cutting, Punching, and Press High school diploma or Moderate-term on-the-job 51-4031 Machine Setters, Operators, and None No equivalent training Tenders, Metal and Plastic Drilling and Boring Machine High school diploma or Moderate-term on-the-job 51-4032 Tool Setters, Operators, and None No equivalent training Tenders, Metal and Plastic Grinding, Lapping, Polishing, and Buffing Machine Tool High school diploma or Moderate-term on-the-job 51-4033 None No Setters, Operators, and Tenders, equivalent training Metal and Plastic 385 7/13/2015 4:05:51 PM

386 Standard Typical on-the-job Typical education needed Work experience in Occupation Standard Occupation Title training needed to attain High Skill? for entry a related occupation Code competency Lathe and Turning Machine High school diploma or Moderate-term on-the-job 51-4034 Tool Setters, Operators, and None No equivalent training Tenders, Metal and Plastic Emerging Workforce Camera-Ready-June2015.indd 386 Milling and Planing Machine High school diploma or Moderate-term on-the-job 51-4035 Setters, Operators, and Tenders, None No equivalent training Metal and Plastic High school diploma or Long-term on-the-job 51-4041 Machinists None Yes equivalent training Metal-Refining Furnace High school diploma or Moderate-term on-the-job 51-4051 None No Operators and Tenders equivalent training High school diploma or Moderate-term on-the-job 51-4052 Pourers and Casters, Metal None No equivalent training Model Makers, Metal and High school diploma or Long-term on-the-job 51-4061 None Yes Plastic equivalent training High school diploma or Long-term on-the-job 51-4062 Patternmakers, Metal and Plastic None Yes equivalent training High school diploma or Moderate-term on-the-job 51-4071 Foundry Mold and Coremakers None No equivalent training Molding, Coremaking, and Casting Machine Setters, High school diploma or Moderate-term on-the-job 51-4072 None No Operators, and Tenders, Metal equivalent training and Plastic APPENDIX C 7/13/2015 4:05:51 PM

Standard Typical on-the-job Typical education needed Work experience in Occupation Standard Occupation Title training needed to attain High Skill? for entry a related occupation Code competency APPENDIX C Multiple Machine Tool Setters, High school diploma or Moderate-term on-the-job 51-4081 Operators, and Tenders, Metal None No equivalent training and Plastic High school diploma or Long-term on-the-job 51-4111 Tool and Die Makers None Yes Emerging Workforce Camera-Ready-June2015.indd 387 equivalent training Welders, Cutters, Solderers, and High school diploma or Moderate-term on-the-job 51-4121 Less than 1 year No Brazers equivalent training Welding, Soldering, and Brazing High school diploma or Moderate-term on-the-job 51-4122 Machine Setters, Operators, and None No equivalent training Tenders Heat Treating Equipment High school diploma or Moderate-term on-the-job 51-4191 Setters, Operators, and Tenders, None No equivalent training Metal and Plastic Layout Workers, Metal and High school diploma or Moderate-term on-the-job 51-4192 None No Plastic equivalent training Plating and Coating Machine High school diploma or Moderate-term on-the-job 51-4193 Setters, Operators, and Tenders, None No equivalent training Metal and Plastic Tool Grinders, Filers, and High school diploma or Moderate-term on-the-job 51-4194 None No Sharpeners equivalent training Metal Workers and Plastic High school diploma or Moderate-term on-the-job 51-4199 None No Workers, All Other equivalent training 387 7/13/2015 4:05:51 PM

388 Standard Typical on-the-job Typical education needed Work experience in Occupation Standard Occupation Title training needed to attain High Skill? for entry a related occupation Code competency Nuclear Power Reactor High school diploma or Long-term on-the-job 51-8011 None Yes Operators equivalent training Power Distributors and High school diploma or Long-term on-the-job 51-8012 None Yes Dispatchers equivalent training Emerging Workforce Camera-Ready-June2015.indd 388 High school diploma or Long-term on-the-job 51-8013 Power Plant Operators None Yes equivalent training Stationary Engineers and Boiler High school diploma or Long-term on-the-job 51-8021 None Yes Operators equivalent training Water and Wastewater High school diploma or Long-term on-the-job 51-8031 Treatment Plant and System None Yes equivalent training Operators Chemical Plant and System High school diploma or Long-term on-the-job 51-8091 None Yes Operators equivalent training High school diploma or Long-term on-the-job 51-8092 Gas Plant Operators None Yes equivalent training Petroleum Pump System High school diploma or Long-term on-the-job 51-8093 Operators, Refinery Operators, None Yes equivalent training and Gaugers Plant and System Operators, High school diploma or Long-term on-the-job 51-8099 None Yes All Other equivalent training Chemical Equipment Operators High school diploma or Moderate-term on-the-job 51-9011 None No and Tenders equivalent training APPENDIX C 7/13/2015 4:05:51 PM

Standard Typical on-the-job Typical education needed Work experience in Occupation Standard Occupation Title training needed to attain High Skill? for entry a related occupation Code competency APPENDIX C Separating, Filtering, Clarifying, High school diploma or Moderate-term on-the-job 51-9012 Precipitating, and Still Machine None No equivalent training Setters, Operators, and Tenders Crushing, Grinding, and Emerging Workforce Camera-Ready-June2015.indd 389 High school diploma or Moderate-term on-the-job 51-9021 Polishing Machine Setters, None No equivalent training Operators, and Tenders Grinding and Polishing Workers, Moderate-term on-the-job 51-9022 Less than high school None No Hand training Mixing and Blending Machine High school diploma or Moderate-term on-the-job 51-9023 None No Setters, Operators, and Tenders equivalent training Cutting and Slicing Machine High school diploma or Short-term on-the-job 51-9032 None No Setters, Operators, and Tenders equivalent training Extruding, Forming, Pressing, High school diploma or Moderate-term on-the-job 51-9041 and Compacting Machine None No equivalent training Setters, Operators, and Tenders Furnace, Kiln, Oven, Drier, and High school diploma or Moderate-term on-the-job 51-9051 None No Kettle Operators and Tenders equivalent training Inspectors, Testers, Sorters, High school diploma or Moderate-term on-the-job 51-9061 None No Samplers, and Weighers equivalent training Jewelers and Precious Stone and High school diploma or Long-term on-the-job 51-9071 None Yes Metal Workers equivalent training 389 7/13/2015 4:05:51 PM

390 Standard Typical on-the-job Typical education needed Work experience in Occupation Standard Occupation Title training needed to attain High Skill? for entry a related occupation Code competency Packaging and Filling Machine High school diploma or Moderate-term on-the-job 51-9111 None No Operators and Tenders equivalent training Coating, Painting, and Spraying High school diploma or Moderate-term on-the-job 51-9121 Machine Setters, Operators, and None No Emerging Workforce Camera-Ready-June2015.indd 390 equivalent training Tenders Cleaning, Washing, and Metal Moderate-term on-the-job 51-9192 Pickling Equipment Operators Less than high school None No training and Tenders Molders, Shapers, and Casters, High school diploma or Long-term on-the-job 51-9195 None Yes Except Metal and Plastic equivalent training Short-term on-the-job 51-9198 Helpers--Production Workers Less than high school None No training High school diploma or Moderate-term on-the-job 51-9399 Production Workers, All Other None No equivalent training First-Line Supervisors of High school diploma or 53-1021 Helpers, Laborers, and Material 1 to 5 years None Yes equivalent Movers, Hand First-Line Supervisors of Transportation and Material- High school diploma or 53-1031 1 to 5 years None Yes Moving Machine and Vehicle equivalent Operators High school diploma or Long-term on-the-job 53-2012 Commercial Pilots None Yes equivalent training APPENDIX C 7/13/2015 4:05:51 PM

Standard Typical on-the-job Typical education needed Work experience in Occupation Standard Occupation Title training needed to attain High Skill? for entry a related occupation Code competency APPENDIX C High school diploma or Short-term on-the-job 53-3031 Driver/Sales Workers None No equivalent training Heavy and Tractor-Trailer Truck High school diploma or Short-term on-the-job 53-3032 1 to 5 years Yes Drivers equivalent training Emerging Workforce Camera-Ready-June2015.indd 391 Light Truck or Delivery High school diploma or Short-term on-the-job 53-3033 None No Services Drivers equivalent training Motor Vehicle Operators, All High school diploma or Short-term on-the-job 53-3099 None No Other equivalent training High school diploma or Moderate-term on-the-job 53-4011 Locomotive Engineers 1 to 5 years Yes equivalent training Rail Yard Engineers, Dinkey High school diploma or Moderate-term on-the-job 53-4013 None No Operators, and Hostlers equivalent training Short-term on-the-job 53-5011 Sailors and Marine Oilers Less than high school None No training Captains, Mates, and Pilots of 53-5021 Bachelor’s degree None None Yes Water Vessels Automotive and Watercraft Short-term on-the-job 53-6031 Less than high school None No Service Attendants training Transportation Workers, All High school diploma or Short-term on-the-job 53-6099 None No Other equivalent training 391 7/13/2015 4:05:51 PM

392 Standard Typical on-the-job Typical education needed Work experience in Occupation Standard Occupation Title training needed to attain High Skill? for entry a related occupation Code competency Conveyor Operators and Short-term on-the-job 53-7011 Less than high school None No Tenders training Long-term on-the-job 53-7021 Crane and Tower Operators Less than high school 1 to 5 years Yes training Emerging Workforce Camera-Ready-June2015.indd 392 Short-term on-the-job 53-7031 Dredge Operators Less than high school None No training Excavating and Loading Moderate-term on-the-job 53-7032 Less than high school 1 to 5 years Yes Machine and Dragline Operators training Loading Machine Operators, Short-term on-the-job 53-7033 Less than high school None No Underground Mining training Moderate-term on-the-job 53-7041 Hoist and Winch Operators Less than high school None No training Industrial Truck and Tractor Short-term on-the-job 53-7051 Less than high school Less than 1 year No Operators training Cleaners of Vehicles and Short-term on-the-job 53-7061 Less than high school None No Equipment training Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Short-term on-the-job 53-7062 Less than high school None No Material Movers, Hand training Short-term on-the-job 53-7063 Machine Feeders and Offbearers Less than high school None No training APPENDIX C 7/13/2015 4:05:51 PM

Standard Typical on-the-job Typical education needed Work experience in Occupation Standard Occupation Title training needed to attain High Skill? for entry a related occupation Code competency APPENDIX C Short-term on-the-job 53-7064 Packers and Packagers, Hand Less than high school None No training Gas Compressor and Gas Moderate-term on-the-job 53-7071 Less than high school None No Pumping Station Operators training Emerging Workforce Camera-Ready-June2015.indd 393 Pump Operators, Except Moderate-term on-the-job 53-7072 Less than high school None No Wellhead Pumpers training Moderate-term on-the-job 53-7073 Wellhead Pumpers Less than high school Less than 1 year No training Short-term on-the-job 53-7111 Mine Shuttle Car Operators Less than high school None No training Tank Car, Truck, and Ship Short-term on-the-job 53-7121 Less than high school None No Loaders training Material Moving Workers, All Short-term on-the-job 53-7199 Less than high school None No Other training NOTES: The table above includes occupations in the following energy and mining NAICS codes: 211, 212, 213, 2211, 2212, 2371, 324, 331, 486 (and excludes 22133, 33313, and 333611 because data by occupation is not available for these NAICS codes). A blank cell indicates data is not available. A high skill oc- cupation is one that requires any of the following: (1) post-secondary education, (2) a year or more of experience in a related occupation, or (3) long-term on the job training or apprenticeship. SOURCE: BLS 2012d. Additional tabulations by the National Research Council. 393 7/13/2015 4:05:52 PM

Table C.8. Instructional programs that feed into key U.S. energy and mining occupations that require post-secondary 394 education. Standard Occupation Standard Occupation Title CIP Code CIP Title Code 14.1001 Electrical and Electronics Engineering 17-2071 Electrical Engineers 14.1099 Electrical, Electronics and Communications Engineering, Other. Emerging Workforce Camera-Ready-June2015.indd 394 Health and Safety Engineers, Except 17-2111 14.1401 Environmental/Environmental Health Engineering. Mining Safety Engineers and Inspectors 14.0601 Ceramic Sciences and Engineering. 14.1801 Materials Engineering. 17-2131 Materials Engineers 14.2001 Metallurgical Engineering. 14.2801 Textile Sciences and Engineering. 14.3201 Polymer/Plastics Engineering. 14.0802 Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering. Mining and Geological Engineers, 17-2151 14.2101 Mining and Mineral Engineering. Including Mining Safety Engineers 14.3901 Geological/Geophysical Engineering. 17-2161 Nuclear Engineers 14.2301 Nuclear Engineering. 14.0802 Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering. 17-2171 Petroleum Engineers 14.2501 Petroleum Engineering. APPENDIX C 7/13/2015 4:05:52 PM

15.0101 Architectural Engineering Technology/Technician. 15.0304 Laser and Optical Technology/Technician. APPENDIX C 15.0401 Biomedical Technology/Technician. Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Emerging Workforce Camera-Ready-June2015.indd 395 15.0501 Engineering Technology/Technician. 15.0503 Energy Management and Systems Technology/Technician. 15.0505 Solar Energy Technology/Technician. Engineering Technicians, Except Drafters, 17-3029 All Other 15.0599 Environmental Control Technologies/Technicians, Other. 15.0607 Plastics and Polymer Engineering Technology/Technician. 15.0611 Metallurgical Technology/Technician. 15.0614 Welding Engineering Technology/Technician. 15.0615 Chemical Engineering Technology/Technician. 15.0901 Mining Technology/Technician. 395 7/13/2015 4:05:52 PM

396 15.1103 Hydraulics and Fluid Power Technology/Technician. Engineering Technicians, Except Drafters, 17-3029 15.1203 Computer Hardware Technology/Technician. All Other 15.1503 Packaging Science. 30.3201 Marine Sciences. Emerging Workforce Camera-Ready-June2015.indd 396 40.0601 Geology/Earth Science, General. 40.0602 Geochemistry. 40.0603 Geophysics and Seismology. Geoscientists, Except Hydrologists and 19-2042 Geographers 40.0604 Paleontology. 40.0606 Geochemistry and Petrology. 40.0607 Oceanography, Chemical and Physical. 40.0699 Geological and Earth Sciences/Geosciences, Other. 15.0903 Petroleum Technology/Technician. 19-4041 Geological and Petroleum Technicians 15.0999 Mining and Petroleum Technologies/Technicians, Other. APPENDIX C 7/13/2015 4:05:52 PM

15.1401 Nuclear Engineering Technology/Technician. 41.0204 Industrial Radiologic Technology/Technician. APPENDIX C 19-4051 Nuclear Technicians 41.0205 Nuclear/Nuclear Power Technology/Technician. Nuclear and Industrial Radiologic Technologies/Technicians, 41.0299 Emerging Workforce Camera-Ready-June2015.indd 397 Other. 51.0916 Radiation Protection/Health Physics Technician. Occupational Health and Safety Specialists 15.0701 Occupational Safety and Health Technology/Technician. Occupational Health and Safety Specialists 15.0703 Industrial Safety Technology/Technician. 29-9011 Occupational Health and Safety Specialists 51.2202 Environmental Health. Occupational Health and Safety Specialists 51.2206 Occupational Health and Industrial Hygiene. Electrical and Electronics Repairers, 49-2095 NO MATCH NO MATCH Powerhouse, Substation, and Relay SOURCE: NCES, 2010, BLS, 2012g. 397 7/13/2015 4:05:52 PM

Table C.9. Number of U.S. degrees and certificates conferred across instructional programs related to key U.S. energy and 398 mining occupations that require post-secondary education, 2005-2009. Standard Occupation Standard Occupation Code Title Degree Level 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Doctorate degrees 1,567 1,863 2,048 2,006 1,819 Master’s degrees 9,107 8,265 7,828 8,719 9,281 Emerging Workforce Camera-Ready-June2015.indd 398 Bachelor’s degrees 14,453 14,225 13,376 12,618 11,862 Associate’s degrees 219 178 157 163 180 17-2071 Electrical Engineers Post-master’s certificates 63 67 68 77 78 Post-baccalaureate certificates 13 6 3 9 33 1 but less than 2 year certificates 6 8 3 9 2 Less than 1 year certificates . . . . 11 Doctorate degrees 111 107 121 144 134 Master’s degrees 642 589 539 555 560 Health and Safety Engineers, Except Mining Bachelor’s degrees 468 432 441 504 570 17-2111 Safety Engineers and Associate’s degrees 14 10 6 5 7 Inspectors Post-master’s certificates 11 7 4 5 7 Post-baccalaureate certificates 13 27 11 8 14 APPENDIX C 7/13/2015 4:05:52 PM

Standard Occupation Standard Occupation Code Title Degree Level 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Doctorate degrees 449 519 540 534 542 APPENDIX C Master’s degrees 755 726 699 694 719 Bachelor’s degrees 929 954 1,007 1,122 1,096 Associate’s degrees 2 2 . 2 1 17-2131 Materials Engineers Post-master’s certificates 4 3 5 12 1 Emerging Workforce Camera-Ready-June2015.indd 399 Post-baccalaureate certificates . . . 2 1 1 but less than 2 year certificates 1 . . 2 1 Less than 1 year certificates . . 1 . 1 Doctorate degrees 15 19 25 15 14 Master’s degrees 83 86 97 118 131 Mining and Geological Bachelor’s degrees 198 214 248 260 309 17-2151 Engineers, Including Post-master’s certificates . 1 . . . Mining Safety Engineers Post-baccalaureate certificates . . . 2 5 1 but less than 2 year certificates . . . 3 2 Less than 1 year certificates 1 . 1 . . Doctorate degrees 78 80 84 100 81 Master’s degrees 160 221 227 249 252 Bachelor’s degrees 264 360 384 430 373 17-2161 Nuclear Engineers Post-master’s certificates . . 2 . 3 Post-baccalaureate certificates 4 2 2 5 5 Less than 1 year certificates . . . 11 25 399 7/13/2015 4:05:52 PM

Standard 400 Occupation Standard Occupation Code Title Degree Level 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Doctorate degrees 49 45 37 48 52 Master’s degrees 248 253 225 242 251 Bachelor’s degrees 322 353 450 521 690 Associate’s degrees . 1 3 . 1 17-2171 Petroleum Engineers Post-master’s certificates 1 . 1 2 2 Emerging Workforce Camera-Ready-June2015.indd 400 Post-baccalaureate certificates . 1 1 6 12 1 but less than 2 year certificates . . . 3 3 Less than 1 year certificates 2 4 6 . 1 Doctorate degrees 5 10 3 6 8 Master’s degrees 78 80 88 82 101 Bachelor’s degrees 645 692 840 832 819 Engineering Technicians, Associate’s degrees 2,908 2,776 2,898 2,860 2,992 17-3029 Except Drafters, All Other Post-baccalaureate certificates 1 . . . . 2 but less than 4 year certificates 119 51 59 13 16 1 but less than 2 year certificates 1,048 996 899 860 1,049 Less than 1 year certificates 803 691 727 930 1,135 APPENDIX C 7/13/2015 4:05:52 PM

Standard Occupation Standard Occupation Code Title Degree Level 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Doctorate degrees 463 500 633 573 611 APPENDIX C Master’s degrees 1,412 1,471 1,411 1,330 1,315 Geoscientists, Except Bachelor’s degrees 3,262 3,300 3,304 3,548 3,801 19-2042 Hydrologists and Associate’s degrees 43 57 56 59 92 Geographers Post-master’s certificates 38 24 20 34 19 Emerging Workforce Camera-Ready-June2015.indd 401 Post-baccalaureate certificates 11 18 6 12 20 Less than 1 year certificates 7 8 5 7 11 Master’s degrees 1 3 1 . 1 Bachelor’s degrees 12 12 16 13 11 Geological and Petroleum 19-4041 Associate’s degrees 46 38 58 73 101 Technicians 1 but less than 2 year certificates 9 . . . 29 Less than 1 year certificates 15 13 15 26 19 Master’s degrees 10 10 24 33 23 Bachelor’s degrees 27 45 107 109 121 19-4051 Nuclear Technicians Associate’s degrees 80 55 77 110 109 1 but less than 2 year certificates . 7 6 15 21 Less than 1 year certificates 6 8 5 7 18 401 7/13/2015 4:05:52 PM

Standard 402 Occupation Standard Occupation Code Title Degree Level 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Doctorate degrees 61 61 75 88 67 Master’s degrees 510 508 515 487 551 Bachelor’s degrees 692 724 781 816 812 Associate’s degrees 281 286 295 297 372 Occupational Health and 29-9011 Post-master’s certificates 7 . 11 14 8 Emerging Workforce Camera-Ready-June2015.indd 402 Safety Specialists Post-baccalaureate certificates 14 7 6 16 23 2 but less than 4 year certificates 2 2 8 6 3 1 but less than 2 year certificates 49 63 122 88 91 Less than 1 year certificates 42 48 61 35 68 NOTE: The occupations in italics typically require an associate’s degree or higher upon entry; the remaining occupations typically require a bachelor’s degree or higher upon entry. SOURCE: WebCASPAR, 2012. Additional tabulations by the National Research Council. APPENDIX C 7/13/2015 4:05:52 PM

Table C.10. Number of U.S. degrees and certificates conferred in 2009 for each instructional program related to key U.S. energy and mining occupations that require post-secondary education. Standard APPENDIX C Occupation Standard Occupation CIP Degrees/Certificates Code Title Code CIP Title Degree Level Conferred (2009) 17-2071 Electrical Engineers 14.1001 Electrical and Electronics Engineering Doctorate degrees 1,819 Master’s degrees 9,281 Emerging Workforce Camera-Ready-June2015.indd 403 Bachelor’s degrees 11,862 Associate’s degrees 180 Post-master’s certificates 78 Post-baccalaureate certificates 33 1 but less than 2 year certificates 2 Less than 1 year certificates 11 17-2111 Health and Safety 14.1401 Environmental/Environmental Health Doctorate degrees 134 Engineers, Except Mining Engineering. Master’s degrees 560 Safety Engineers and Bachelor’s degrees 570 Inspectors Associate’s degrees 7 Post-master’s certificates 7 Post-baccalaureate certificates 14 403 7/13/2015 4:05:52 PM

Standard 404 Occupation Standard Occupation CIP Degrees/Certificates Code Title Code CIP Title Degree Level Conferred (2009) 17-2131 Materials Engineers 14.0601 Ceramic Sciences and Engineering. Doctorate degrees 7 Master’s degrees 8 Bachelor’s degrees 69 14.1801 Materials Engineering. Doctorate degrees 434 Master’s degrees 572 Emerging Workforce Camera-Ready-June2015.indd 404 Bachelor’s degrees 679 Associate’s degrees 1 Post-baccalaureate certificates 1 14.2001 Metallurgical Engineering. Doctorate degrees 31 Master’s degrees 52 Bachelor’s degrees 100 14.2801 Textile Sciences and Engineering. Doctorate degrees 33 Master’s degrees 49 Bachelor’s degrees 181 14.3201 Polymer/Plastics Engineering. Doctorate degrees 37 Master’s degrees 38 Bachelor’s degrees 67 Post-master’s certificates 1 1 but less than 2 year certificates 1 Less than 1 year certificates 1 APPENDIX C 7/13/2015 4:05:52 PM

Standard Occupation Standard Occupation CIP Degrees/Certificates Code Title Code CIP Title Degree Level Conferred (2009) 17-2151 Mining and Geological 14.0802 Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Master’s degrees 5 APPENDIX C Engineers, Including Engineering. Mining Safety Engineers 14.2101 Mining and Mineral Engineering. Doctorate degrees 10 Master’s degrees 48 Emerging Workforce Camera-Ready-June2015.indd 405 Bachelor’s degrees 176 Post-baccalaureate certificates 1 1 but less than 2 year certificates 2 14.3901 Geological/Geophysical Engineering. Doctorate degrees 4 Master’s degrees 78 Bachelor’s degrees 133 Post-baccalaureate certificates 4 17-2161 Nuclear Engineers 14.2301 Nuclear Engineering. Doctorate degrees 81 Master’s degrees 252 Bachelor’s degrees 373 Post-master’s certificates 3 Post-baccalaureate certificates 5 Less than 1 year certificates 25 405 7/13/2015 4:05:52 PM

Standard 406 Occupation Standard Occupation CIP Degrees/Certificates Code Title Code CIP Title Degree Level Conferred (2009) 17-2171 Petroleum Engineers 14.0802 Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Post-baccalaureate certificates 7 Engineering. 1 but less than 2 year certificates 3 Less than 1 year certificates 1 14.2501 Petroleum Engineering. Doctorate degrees 52 Master’s degrees 251 Emerging Workforce Camera-Ready-June2015.indd 406 Bachelor’s degrees 690 Associate’s degrees 1 Post-master’s certificates 2 Post-baccalaureate certificates 5 17-3029 Engineering Technicians, 15.0101 Architectural Engineering Technology/ Bachelor’s degrees 552 Except Drafters, All Other Technician. Associate’s degrees 929 1 but less than 2 year certificates 39 Less than 1 year certificates 343 15.0304 Laser and Optical Technology/ Associate’s degrees 80 Technician. 1 but less than 2 year certificates 36 Less than 1 year certificates 31 APPENDIX C 7/13/2015 4:05:53 PM

Standard Occupation Standard Occupation CIP Degrees/Certificates Code Title Code CIP Title Degree Level Conferred (2009) 17-3029 Engineering Technicians, 15.0401 Biomedical Technology/Technician. Doctorate degrees 8 APPENDIX C Except Drafters, All Other Master’s degrees 20 Bachelor’s degrees 79 Associate’s degrees 388 2 but less than 4 year certificates 1 Emerging Workforce Camera-Ready-June2015.indd 407 1 but less than 2 year certificates 41 Less than 1 year certificates 59 15.0501 Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning Bachelor’s degrees 14 and Refrigeration Engineering Associate’s degrees 787 Technology/Technician. 1 but less than 2 year certificates 855 Less than 1 year certificates 572 15.0503 Energy Management and Systems Master’s degrees 25 Technology/Technician. Bachelor’s degrees 50 Associate’s degrees 113 1 but less than 2 year certificates 26 Less than 1 year certificates 60 15.0505 Solar Energy Technology/Technician. Bachelor’s degrees 21 Associate’s degrees 5 1 but less than 2 year certificates 6 407 7/13/2015 4:05:53 PM

Standard 408 Occupation Standard Occupation CIP Degrees/Certificates Code Title Code CIP Title Degree Level Conferred (2009) 17-3029 Engineering Technicians, 15.0599 Environmental Control Technologies/ Master’s degrees 46 Except Drafters, All Other Technicians, Other. Bachelor’s degrees 11 Associate’s degrees 471 1 but less than 2 year certificates 7 Less than 1 year certificates 27 Emerging Workforce Camera-Ready-June2015.indd 408 15.0607 Plastics and Polymer Engineering Master’s degrees 9 Technology/Technician. Bachelor’s degrees 85 Associate’s degrees 75 1 but less than 2 year certificates 15 Less than 1 year certificates 13 15.0611 Metallurgical Technology/Technician. Bachelor’s degrees 4 Associate’s degrees 71 1 but less than 2 year certificates 14 Less than 1 year certificates 14 15.0901 Mining Technology/Technician. Bachelor’s degrees 2 Associate’s degrees 40 1 but less than 2 year certificates 2 15.1103 Hydraulics and Fluid Power Associate’s degrees 29 Technology/Technician. 2 but less than 4 year certificates 15 1 but less than 2 year certificates 4 Less than 1 year certificates 8 APPENDIX C 7/13/2015 4:05:53 PM

Standard Occupation Standard Occupation CIP Degrees/Certificates Code Title Code CIP Title Degree Level Conferred (2009) 17-3029 Engineering Technicians, 15.1203 Computer Hardware Technology/ Master’s degrees 1 APPENDIX C Except Drafters, All Other Technician. Bachelor’s degrees 1 Associate’s degrees 4 1 but less than 2 year certificates 4 Less than 1 year certificates 8 Emerging Workforce Camera-Ready-June2015.indd 409 19-2042 Geoscientists, Except 40.0601 Geology/Earth Science, General. Doctorate degrees 396 Hydrologists and Master’s degrees 1,017 Geographers Bachelor’s degrees 3,268 Associate’s degrees 51 Post-master’s certificates 17 Post-baccalaureate certificates 13 Less than 1 year certificates 1 40.0602 Geochemistry. Doctorate degrees 3 Master’s degrees 13 Bachelor’s degrees 10 Post-master’s certificates 2 40.0603 Geophysics and Seismology. Doctorate degrees 50 Master’s degrees 77 Bachelor’s degrees 86 40.0604 Paleontology. Master’s degrees 4 409 7/13/2015 4:05:53 PM

Standard 410 Occupation Standard Occupation CIP Degrees/Certificates Code Title Code CIP Title Degree Level Conferred (2009) 19-2042 Geoscientists, Except 40.0607 Oceanography, Chemical and Physical. Doctorate degrees 111 Hydrologists and Master’s degrees 137 Geographers Bachelor’s degrees 142 Associate’s degrees 35 Less than 1 year certificates 6 Emerging Workforce Camera-Ready-June2015.indd 410 40.0699 Geological and Earth Sciences/ Doctorate degrees 51 Geosciences, Other. Master’s degrees 67 Bachelor’s degrees 295 Associate’s degrees 6 Post-baccalaureate certificates 7 Less than 1 year certificates 4 19-4041 Geological and Petroleum 15.0903 Petroleum Technology/Technician. Bachelor’s degrees 9 Technicians Associate’s degrees 85 1 but less than 2 year certificates 29 Less than 1 year certificates 19 15.0999 Mining and Petroleum Technologies/ Master’s degrees 1 Technicians, Other. Bachelor’s degrees 2 Associate’s degrees 16 APPENDIX C 7/13/2015 4:05:53 PM

Standard Occupation Standard Occupation CIP Degrees/Certificates Code Title Code CIP Title Degree Level Conferred (2009) 19-4051 Nuclear Technicians 15.1401 Nuclear Engineering Technology/ Bachelor’s degrees 108 APPENDIX C Technician. Associate’s degrees 39 1 but less than 2 year certificates 17 41.0204 Industrial Radiologic Technology/ Associate’s degrees 39 Technician. Less than 1 year certificates 1 Emerging Workforce Camera-Ready-June2015.indd 411 41.0205 Nuclear/Nuclear Power Technology/ Master’s degrees 2 Technician. Bachelor’s degrees 2 Associate’s degrees 31 1 but less than 2 year certificates 4 Less than 1 year certificates 4 51.0916 Radiation Protection/Health Physics Master’s degrees 21 Technician. Bachelor’s degrees 11 Less than 1 year certificates 13 29-9011 Occupational Health and 15.0701 Occupational Safety and Health Master’s degrees 79 Safety Specialists Technology/Technician. Bachelor’s degrees 449 Associate’s degrees 267 Post-master’s certificates 2 1 but less than 2 year certificates 81 Less than 1 year certificates 53 411 7/13/2015 4:05:53 PM

Standard 412 Occupation Standard Occupation CIP Degrees/Certificates Code Title Code CIP Title Degree Level Conferred (2009) 29-9011 Occupational Health and 15.0703 Industrial Safety Technology/ 13 Safety Specialists Technician. 74 9 1 but less than 2 year certificates 8 Less than 1 year certificates 15 Emerging Workforce Camera-Ready-June2015.indd 412 51.2202 Environmental Health. Doctorate degrees 59 Master’s degrees 374 Bachelor’s degrees 239 Associate’s degrees 16 Post-master’s certificates 1 Post-baccalaureate certificates 23 2 but less than 4 year certificates 3 1 but less than 2 year certificates 2 51.2206 Occupational Health and Industrial Doctorate degrees 8 Hygiene. Master’s degrees 85 Bachelor’s degrees 50 Associate’s degrees 80 Post-master’s certificates 5 NOTE: The occupations in italics typically require an associate’s degree or higher upon entry; the remaining occupations typically require a bachelor’s degree or higher upon entry. SOURCE: WebCASPAR, 2012. APPENDIX C 7/13/2015 4:05:53 PM

Table C.11. Average annual U.S. oil and gas private sector employment, by NAICS code (2005-2010). NAICS NAICS 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Code Title APPENDIX C 211 Oil and Gas Extraction 125,818 134,858 146,081 160,081 160,688 158,423 213111 Drilling Oil and Gas Wells 66,691 79,818 84,525 92,640 67,756 74,491 213112 Support Activities for Oil and Gas Operations 145,725 171,127 197,100 223,635 193,589 201,685 Emerging Workforce Camera-Ready-June2015.indd 413 2212 Natural Gas Distribution 106,478 106,351 106,287 107,988 108,915 108,605 Oil and Gas Pipeline and Related Structures 23712 71,826 83,379 97,095 110,975 98,214 92,039 Construction 32411 Petroleum Refineries 68,427 69,124 72,337 75,099 75,588 72,689 Oil and Gas Field Machinery and Equipment 333132 45,293 52,382 60,045 63,827 60,360 59,602 Manufacturing 486 Pipeline Transportation 37,910 38,676 40,303 41,116 41,384 42,265 TOTAL 668,168 735,715 803,773 875,361 806,494 809,799 SOURCE: BLS 2011d. 413 7/13/2015 4:05:53 PM

Table C.12. Average annual U.S. oil and gas local government employment, by NAICS code (2005-2010). 414 NAICS NAICS 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Code Title 211 Oil and Gas Extraction 213111 Drilling Oil and Gas Wells Support Activities for Oil and Gas 213112 Operations Emerging Workforce Camera-Ready-June2015.indd 414 2212 Natural Gas Distribution 8,916 8,819 8,654 7,872 7,870 6,533 Oil and Gas Pipeline and Related Structures 23712 23 29 19 279 287 280 Construction 32411 Petroleum Refineries Oil and Gas Field Machinery and Equipment 333132 Manufacturing 486 Pipeline Transportation 1,718 1,687 913 926 901 886 TOTAL 10,657 10,535 9,586 9,077 9,058 7,699 NOTE: A blank cell indicates data is not disclosable or is not applicable. SOURCE: BLS 2011d. APPENDIX C 7/13/2015 4:05:53 PM

Table C.13. Demographic information for the U.S. oil and gas workforce by Census industry, 2010. 65 Black or Hispanic 16-19 20-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 years Median Census industry Women African Asian or Latino years years years years years years and age APPENDIX C American over U.S. WORKFORCE, 16 47.2% 10.8% 4.8% 14.3% 3.1% 9.1% 21.7% 22.0% 23.9% 15.6% 4.5% 42.0 YRS+ 0370: Oil and Gas Emerging Workforce Camera-Ready-June2015.indd 415 18.0% 5.9% 3.5% 12.8% 6.7% 28.0% 17.3% 29.3% 17.3% 1.3% 45.1 Extraction 0580: Natural Gas 28.4% 13.7% 3.1% 18.8% 1.0% 19.6% 19.6% 37.1% 19.6% 3.1% 47.6 Distribution 2070: Petroleum refining 19.9% 11.6% 5.5% 12.2% 1.2% 2.4% 17.1% 27.1% 35.3% 15.3% 2.4% 46.0 6270: Pipeline 16.9% 3.0% 14.9% 1.8% 3.6% 14.3% 25.0% 33.9% 19.6% 1.8% 45.3 Transportation NOTES: A blank cell indicates data is not available or is not applicable. Age distribution figures may not add up to 100% due to rounding. Industries are based on the 2007 Census industry classification. SOURCE: BLS, 2011e. 415 7/13/2015 4:05:53 PM

Table C.14. Mapping of U.S. oil and gas NAICS industries to Census industries. 416 NAICS Census NAICS Title Census Title Code Code 211 Oil and Gas Extraction 0370 Oil and gas extraction 213111 Drilling Oil and Gas Wells N/A N/A 213112 Support Activities for Oil and Gas Operations N/A N/A 2212 Natural Gas Distribution 0580 Natural gas distribution Emerging Workforce Camera-Ready-June2015.indd 416 23712 Oil and Gas Pipeline and Related Structures Construction N/A N/A 32411 Petroleum Refineries 2070 Petroleum refining 333132 Oil and Gas Field Machinery and Equipment Manufacturing N/A N/A 486 Pipeline Transportation 6270 Pipeline transportation APPENDIX C 7/13/2015 4:05:53 PM

Table C.15. Employment estimates for the 20 largest U.S. private sector oil and gas extraction (NAICS 211) occupations, 2010. Standard Percent of APPENDIX C 2010 Occupation Standard Occupation Title Industry Employment Code Employment 17-2171 Petroleum Engineers 13,270 8.56% Emerging Workforce Camera-Ready-June2015.indd 417 47-5071 Roustabouts, Oil and Gas 9,680 6.24% 53-7073 Wellhead Pumpers 8,020 5.17% 51-8093 Petroleum Pump System Operators, Refinery Operators, and Gaugers 6,450 4.16% 19-2042 Geoscientists, Except Hydrologists and Geographers 6,390 4.12% 13-2011 Accountants and Auditors 5,260 3.40% 47-5013 Service Unit Operators, Oil, Gas, and Mining 5,160 3.33% 11-1021 General and Operations Managers 4,910 3.17% 47-1011 First-Line Supervisors of Construction Trades and Extraction Workers 4,310 2.78% 43-9061 Office Clerks, General 4,060 2.62% 17-2199 Engineers, All Other 3,960 2.56% 43-3031 Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerks 3,780 2.44% 19-4041 Geological and Petroleum Technicians 3,730 2.40% 43-6014 Secretaries and Administrative Assistants, Except Legal, Medical, and Executive 3,690 2.38% 47-5081 Helpers--Extraction Workers 3,240 2.09% 47-5012 Rotary Drill Operators, Oil and Gas 3,170 2.05% 417 7/13/2015 4:05:54 PM

418 Standard Percent of 2010 Occupation Standard Occupation Title Industry Employment Code Employment 43-6011 Executive Secretaries and Executive Administrative Assistants 2,820 1.82% 13-1199 Business Operations Specialists, All Other 2,190 1.41% 47-5011 Derrick Operators, Oil and Gas 2,050 1.32% Emerging Workforce Camera-Ready-June2015.indd 418 49-9041 Industrial Machinery Mechanics 2,000 1.29% SOURCE: BLS, 2012c APPENDIX C 7/13/2015 4:05:54 PM

Table C.16. Employment estimates for the 20 largest U.S. private sector natural gas distribution (NAICS 2212) occupations. Standard Percent of 2010 Occupation Standard Occupation Title Industry APPENDIX C Employment Code Employment 43-4051 Customer Service Representatives 9,530 8.81% 49-9012 Control and Valve Installers and Repairers, Except Mechanical Door 8,330 7.70% Emerging Workforce Camera-Ready-June2015.indd 419 47-2152 Plumbers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters 5,600 5.18% 43-5041 Meter Readers, Utilities 5,510 5.09% 51-8092 Gas Plant Operators 4,220 3.90% 49-9051 Electrical Power-Line Installers and Repairers 2,730 2.52% 43-9061 Office Clerks, General 2,540 2.35% 49-1011 First-Line Supervisors of Mechanics, Installers, and Repairers 2,400 2.22% 13-1199 Business Operations Specialists, All Other 2,190 2.02% 47-2061 Construction Laborers 1,950 1.80% 49-9041 Industrial Machinery Mechanics 1,940 1.79% 43-1011 First-Line Supervisors of Office and Administrative Support Workers 1,890 1.75% 11-1021 General and Operations Managers 1,880 1.74% 13-2011 Accountants and Auditors 1,650 1.52% 51-1011 First-Line Supervisors of Production and Operating Workers 1,620 1.50% 49-9071 Maintenance and Repair Workers, General 1,460 1.35% 43-6011 Executive Secretaries and Executive Administrative Assistants 1,410 1.30% 419 7/13/2015 4:05:54 PM

420 Standard Percent of 2010 Occupation Standard Occupation Title Industry Employment Code Employment 47-1011 First-Line Supervisors of Construction Trades and Extraction Workers 1,380 1.28% 13-1111 Management Analysts 1,370 1.27% 15-1121 Computer Systems Analysts 1,300 1.20% Emerging Workforce Camera-Ready-June2015.indd 420 SOURCE: BLS, 2012c. APPENDIX C 7/13/2015 4:05:54 PM

Table C.17. Employment estimates for the 20 largest U.S. private sector pipeline transportation (NAICS 486) occupations, 2010. Standard Percent of APPENDIX C 2010 Occupation Standard Occupation Title Industry Employment Code Employment 51-8093 Petroleum Pump System Operators, Refinery Operators, and Gaugers 6,680 15.90% Emerging Workforce Camera-Ready-June2015.indd 421 51-8092 Gas Plant Operators 3,560 8.46% 49-9041 Industrial Machinery Mechanics 2,330 5.55% 53-7071 Gas Compressor and Gas Pumping Station Operators 1,460 3.48% 51-1011 First-Line Supervisors of Production and Operating Workers 1,270 3.02% 53-3032 Heavy and Tractor-Trailer Truck Drivers 1,120 2.67% 11-1021 General and Operations Managers 1,050 2.50% 13-1199 Business Operations Specialists, All Other 1,010 2.39% 49-9012 Control and Valve Installers and Repairers, Except Mechanical Door 970 2.32% 13-2011 Accountants and Auditors 850 2.03% 43-6011 Executive Secretaries and Executive Administrative Assistants 750 1.79% 47-2152 Plumbers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters 740 1.76% 17-2051 Civil Engineers 710 1.70% 43-4051 Customer Service Representatives 680 1.62% 49-9799 Installation, Maintenance, and Repair Workers, All Other 640 1.52% 49-9071 Maintenance and Repair Workers, General 630 1.49% 43-9061 Office Clerks, General 530 1.26% 421 7/13/2015 4:05:54 PM

422 Standard Percent of 2010 Occupation Standard Occupation Title Industry Employment Code Employment 49-1011 First-Line Supervisors of Mechanics, Installers, and Repairers 490 1.16% 17-3029 Engineering Technicians, Except Drafters, All Other 450 1.07% 17-3023 Electrical and Electronics Engineering Technicians 440 1.06% Emerging Workforce Camera-Ready-June2015.indd 422 SOURCE: BLS, 2012c. Table C.18. Average annual U.S. nuclear energy private sector employment, by NAICS code (2005-2010). NAICS NAICS Title 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Code 221113 Nuclear Electric Power Generation 52,331 53,396 52,968 51,479 53,080 52,582 TOTAL 52,331 53,396 52,968 51,479 53,080 52,582 SOURCE: BLS, 2011d.. APPENDIX C 7/13/2015 4:05:54 PM

Table C.19. Average annual U.S. nuclear energy federal government employment, by NAICS code (2005-2010). NAICS NAICS Title 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Code APPENDIX C 221113 Nuclear Electric Power Generation 1,036 1,126 1,150 1,119 1,271 1,381 TOTAL 1,036 1,126 1,150 1,119 1,271 1,381 SOURCE: BLS, 2011d. Emerging Workforce Camera-Ready-June2015.indd 423 Table C.20. Average annual U.S. nuclear energy local government employment, by NAICS code (2005-2010). NAICS NAICS Title 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Code 221113 Nuclear Electric Power Generation 7,253 7,224 7,316 7,461 7,606 2,815 TOTAL 7,253 7,224 7,316 7,461 7,606 2,815 SOURCE: BLS, 2011d. 423 7/13/2015 4:05:54 PM

Table C.21. Average annual U.S. nonfuel mining private sector employment, by NAICS code (2005-2010). 424 NAICS NAICS Title 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Code 2122 Metal Ore Mining 29,250 31,883 35,901 40,156 34,100 35,953 2123 Nonmetallic Mineral Mining and Quarrying 107,621 108,712 107,428 101,899 90,669 86,419 213114 Support Activities for Metal Mining 2,315 2,582 2,896 3,357 2,538 3,118 Emerging Workforce Camera-Ready-June2015.indd 424 Support Activities for Nonmetal Minerals (except 213115 1,773 1,888 2,216 2,428 2,064 2,290 Fuels) Mining 331 Primary Metal Manufacturing 464,836 463,139 455,683 443,867 363,744 361,211 TOTAL 605,795 608,204 604,124 591,707 493,115 488,991 SOURCE: BLS, 2011d. Table C.22. Average annual U.S. nonfuel mining local government employment, by NAICS code (2005-2010). NAICS NAICS Title 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Code 2122 Metal Ore Mining 2123 Nonmetallic Mineral Mining and Quarrying 559 448 349 268 213114 Support Activities for Metal Mining Support Activities for Nonmetal Minerals (except 213115 Fuels) Mining 331 Primary Metal Manufacturing TOTAL 559 448 349 268 NOTE: A blank cell indicates data is not disclosable or is not applicable. Source: BLS, 2011d. APPENDIX C 7/13/2015 4:05:54 PM

Table C.23. Demographic information for the U.S. nonfuel mining workforce by Census industry, 2010. 65 Black or Hispanic 16-19 20-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 years Median Census industry Women African Asian APPENDIX C or Latino years years years years years years and age American over U.S. WORKFORCE, 16 47.2% 10.8% 4.8% 14.3% 3.1% 9.1% 21.7% 22.0% 23.9% 15.6% 4.5% 42.0 YRS+ Emerging Workforce Camera-Ready-June2015.indd 425 0390: Metal Ore Mining 2.9% 25.7% 22.9% 25.7% 20.0% 5.7% 43.4 0470: Nonmetallic Mineral 7.9% 0.1% 0.8% 12.5% 5.3% 21.3% 16.0% 32.0% 20.0% 5.3% 47.8 Mining and Quarrying 2670: Iron and steel mills and steel product 10.7% 8.2% 0.6% 15.3% 1.2% 4.3% 22.7% 25.0% 28.1% 17.2% 2.0% 43.6 manufacturing 2680: Aluminum production 9.9% 5.4% 2.5% 22.8% 3.9% 11.8% 23.5% 39.2% 15.7% 3.9% 48.2 and processing 2690: Nonferrous metal (except aluminum) 15.2% 7.9% 2.6% 5.3% 10.9% 9.1% 25.5% 32.7% 20.0% 1.8% 45.8 production and processing 2770: Foundries 16.3% 9.1% 0.4% 14.0% 2.5% 19.8% 23.5% 30.9% 17.3% 6.2% 47.2 NOTES: A blank cell indicates data is not available or is not applicable. Age distribution figures may not add up to 100% due to rounding. Industries are based on the 2007 Census industry classification. SOURCE: BLS, 2011e. Additional tabulations by the National Research Council. 425 7/13/2015 4:05:54 PM

Table C.24. Mapping of U.S. nonfuel mining NAICS industries to Census industries. 426 NAICS Census NAICS Title Census Title Code Code 2122 Metal Ore Mining 0390 Metal Ore Mining 2123 Nonmetallic Mineral Mining and Quarrying 0470 Nonmetallic Mineral Mining and Quarrying 213114 Support Activities for Metal Mining N/A N/A Support Activities for Nonmetal Minerals (except Fuels) Emerging Workforce Camera-Ready-June2015.indd 426 213115 N/A N/A Mining 2670 Iron and steel mills and steel product manufacturing 2680 Aluminum production and processing 331 Primary Metal Manufacturing Nonferrous metal (except aluminum) production and 2690 processing 2770 Foundries APPENDIX C 7/13/2015 4:05:54 PM

Table C.25. Employment estimates for the 20 largest U.S. private sector metal ore mining (NAICS 2112) occupations, 2010. Standard Percent of 2010 Occupation Standard Occupation Title Industry APPENDIX C Employment Code Employment 47-2073 Operating Engineers and Other Construction Equipment Operators 3,040 8.92% 49-3042 Mobile Heavy Equipment Mechanics, Except Engines 2,860 8.40% Emerging Workforce Camera-Ready-June2015.indd 427 53-3032 Heavy and Tractor-Trailer Truck Drivers 1,970 5.78% 47-5041 Continuous Mining Machine Operators 1,960 5.75% 49-9041 Industrial Machinery Mechanics 1,450 4.26% 47-2111 Electricians 1,130 3.32% 47-5042 Mine Cutting and Channeling Machine Operators 1,110 3.26% Separating, Filtering, Clarifying, Precipitating, and Still Machine Setters, Operators, and 51-9012 900 2.64% Tenders 17-2151 Mining and Geological Engineers, Including Mining Safety Engineers 860 2.52% 49-9071 Maintenance and Repair Workers, General 840 2.47% 51-9021 Crushing, Grinding, and Polishing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders 790 2.32% 47-1011 First-Line Supervisors of Construction Trades and Extraction Workers 780 2.29% 47-5021 Earth Drillers, Except Oil and Gas 780 2.29% 49-1011 First-Line Supervisors of Mechanics, Installers, and Repairers 720 2.11% 51-1011 First-Line Supervisors of Production and Operating Workers 560 1.64% 427 7/13/2015 4:05:54 PM

428 Standard Percent of 2010 Occupation Standard Occupation Title Industry Employment Code Employment 47-5031 Explosives Workers, Ordnance Handling Experts, and Blasters 530 1.56% 47-5081 Helpers--Extraction Workers 530 1.56% 47-5049 Mining Machine Operators, All Other 470 1.38% Emerging Workforce Camera-Ready-June2015.indd 428 19-2042 Geoscientists, Except Hydrologists and Geographers 460 1.35% 53-7062 Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, Hand 420 1.23% SOURCE: BLS, 2012c. APPENDIX C 7/13/2015 4:05:54 PM

Table C.26. Employment estimates for the 20 largest U.S. private sector nonmetal mining (NAICS 2123) occupations, 2010. Standard Percent of 2010 Occupation Standard Occupation Title Industry APPENDIX C Employment Code Employment 51-8093 Petroleum Pump System Operators, Refinery Operators, and Gaugers 6,680 15.90% 51-8092 Gas Plant Operators 3,560 8.46% Emerging Workforce Camera-Ready-June2015.indd 429 49-9041 Industrial Machinery Mechanics 2,330 5.55% 53-7071 Gas Compressor and Gas Pumping Station Operators 1,460 3.48% 51-1011 First-Line Supervisors of Production and Operating Workers 1,270 3.02% 53-3032 Heavy and Tractor-Trailer Truck Drivers 1,120 2.67% 11-1021 General and Operations Managers 1,050 2.50% 13-1199 Business Operations Specialists, All Other 1,010 2.39% 49-9012 Control and Valve Installers and Repairers, Except Mechanical Door 970 2.32% 13-2011 Accountants and Auditors 850 2.03% 43-6011 Executive Secretaries and Executive Administrative Assistants 750 1.79% 47-2152 Plumbers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters 740 1.76% 17-2051 Civil Engineers 710 1.70% 43-4051 Customer Service Representatives 680 1.62% 49-9799 Installation, Maintenance, and Repair Workers, All Other 640 1.52% 49-9071 Maintenance and Repair Workers, General 630 1.49% 43-9061 Office Clerks, General 530 1.26% 429 7/13/2015 4:05:54 PM

430 Standard Percent of 2010 Occupation Standard Occupation Title Industry Employment Code Employment 49-1011 First-Line Supervisors of Mechanics, Installers, and Repairers 490 1.16% 17-3029 Engineering Technicians, Except Drafters, All Other 450 1.07% 17-3023 Electrical and Electronics Engineering Technicians 440 1.06% Emerging Workforce Camera-Ready-June2015.indd 430 SOURCE: BLS, 2012c. Table C.27. Employment estimates for the 20 largest U.S. private sector primary metal manufacturing (NAICS 331) occupations, 2010. Standard Percent of 2010 Occupation Standard Occupation Title Industry Employment Code Employment 51-1011 First-Line Supervisors of Production and Operating Workers 16,860 4.75% 51-4023 Rolling Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic 16,370 4.61% 49-9071 Maintenance and Repair Workers, General 14,850 4.18% 51-4051 Metal-Refining Furnace Operators and Tenders 12,820 3.61% 51-9061 Inspectors, Testers, Sorters, Samplers, and Weighers 12,290 3.46% 49-9041 Industrial Machinery Mechanics 12,090 3.40% 51-4021 Extruding and Drawing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic 11,940 3.36% APPENDIX C 7/13/2015 4:05:55 PM

Standard Percent of 2010 Occupation Standard Occupation Title Industry Employment Code Employment APPENDIX C 51-9198 Helpers--Production Workers 11,770 3.31% Molding, Coremaking, and Casting Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and 51-4072 11,680 3.29% Plastic Emerging Workforce Camera-Ready-June2015.indd 431 51-4031 Cutting, Punching, and Press Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic 11,630 3.27% 51-4052 Pourers and Casters, Metal 10,460 2.95% 53-7062 Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, Hand 8,680 2.44% Grinding, Lapping, Polishing, and Buffing Machine Tool Setters, Operators, and Tenders, 51-4033 8,410 2.37% Metal and Plastic 51-4071 Foundry Mold and Coremakers 7,900 2.22% 53-7051 Industrial Truck and Tractor Operators 7,890 2.22% 51-4121 Welders, Cutters, Solderers, and Brazers 6,960 1.96% 51-2092 Team Assemblers 6,230 1.76% 51-4041 Machinists 5,860 1.65% 53-7021 Crane and Tower Operators 5,670 1.60% 47-2111 Electricians 5,190 1.46% Source: BLS, 2012c. 431 7/13/2015 4:05:55 PM

Table C.28. Demographic information for the U.S. coal mining workforce by Census industry, 2010. 432 65 Black or Hispanic 16-19 20-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 years Census industry Women African Asian or Median age years years years years years years and American Latino over U.S. WORKFORCE, 16 47.2% 10.8% 4.8% 14.3% 3.1% 9.1% 21.7% 22.0% 23.9% 15.6% 4.5% 42.0 Emerging Workforce Camera-Ready-June2015.indd 432 YRS+ 0380: Coal Mining 6.0% 0.4% 0.4% 7.4% 17.0% 23.4% 29.8% 20.2% 1.1% 46.4 NOTES: A blank cell indicates data is not available or is not applicable. Age distribution figures may not add up to 100% due to rounding. Industries are based on the 2007 Census industry classification. Source: BLS, 2011e. Additional calculations by the National Research Council. Table C.29. Mapping of U.S. coal mining NAICS industries to Census industries. NAICS Census NAICS Title Census Title Code Code 2121 Coal Mining 0380 Coal Mining 213113 Support Activities for Coal Mining N/A N/A APPENDIX C 7/13/2015 4:05:55 PM

Table C.30. Employment estimates for the 20 largest U.S. private sector coal mining (NAICS 2121) occupations, 2010. Standard Percent of 2010 Occupation Standard Occupation Title Industry APPENDIX C Employment Code Employment 47-2073 Operating Engineers and Other Construction Equipment Operators 8,660 10.89% 47-5041 Continuous Mining Machine Operators 8,480 10.67% Emerging Workforce Camera-Ready-June2015.indd 433 47-5061 Roof Bolters, Mining 5,320 6.69% 47-1011 First-Line Supervisors of Construction Trades and Extraction Workers 4,530 5.70% 47-5081 Helpers--Extraction Workers 3,830 4.82% 47-2111 Electricians 3,490 4.39% 53-7032 Excavating and Loading Machine and Dragline Operators 3,290 4.14% 53-7111 Mine Shuttle Car Operators 2,930 3.69% 47-5042 Mine Cutting and Channeling Machine Operators 2,790 3.51% 49-3042 Mobile Heavy Equipment Mechanics, Except Engines 2,700 3.40% 53-7033 Loading Machine Operators, Underground Mining 2,130 2.68% 53-3032 Heavy and Tractor-Trailer Truck Drivers 2,110 2.65% 49-9041 Industrial Machinery Mechanics 2,000 2.52% 49-9071 Maintenance and Repair Workers, General 1,910 2.40% 47-5099 Extraction Workers, All Other 1,450 1.82% 53-7062 Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, Hand 1,380 1.74% 49-9043 Maintenance Workers, Machinery 1,230 1.55% 49-1011 First-Line Supervisors of Mechanics, Installers, and Repairers 1,080 1.36% 433 7/13/2015 4:05:55 PM

434 Standard Percent of 2010 Occupation Standard Occupation Title Industry Employment Code Employment 53-7011 Conveyor Operators and Tenders 1,050 1.32% 47-2061 Construction Laborers 1,020 1.28% 51-4121 Welders, Cutters, Solderers, and Brazers 1,020 1.28% Emerging Workforce Camera-Ready-June2015.indd 434 SOURCE: BLS, 2012c. APPENDIX C 7/13/2015 4:05:55 PM

Table C.31. Distribution of employment across occupational groups at key federal agencies responsible for management and oversight of energy and mining, 2011. Occupational Group / BIA BLM BOEMRE DOE FERC MSHA NRC OSHA OSM PHMSA USGS APPENDIX C Job Family 00xx- MISCELLANEOUS 5.6% 5.3% 3.0% 5.9% 2.0% 0.2% 3.3% 40.4% 2.5% 0.2% 0.4% OCCUPATIONS 01xx-SOCIAL Emerging Workforce Camera-Ready-June2015.indd 435 SCIENCE, 2.1% 3.5% 3.0% 2.5% 4.4% 0.3% 1.0% 0.6% 1.5% 0.2% 2.7% PSYCHOLOGY, AND WELFARE 02xx-PERSONNEL MGMT & 0.9% 1.8% 5.5% 2.7% 1.9% 0.9% 1.8% 0.7% 3.1% 2.7% 1.0% INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS 03xx-GENERAL ADMIN, CLERICAL, 14.9% 19.2% 26.6% 23.9% 16.3% 11.1% 22.5% 16.8% 39.9% 16.7% 11.2% & OFFICE SVCS 04xx-NATURAL RESOURCES MGMT 10.5% 33.4% 4.2% 0.6% 4.6% 0.0% 0.2% 0.0% 3.7% 0.0% 16.2% & BIO SCI GROUP 05xx-ACCOUNTING 2.2% 1.8% 2.8% 6.3% 5.1% 0.7% 2.3% 1.5% 13.5% 1.8% 2.7% AND BUDGET 06xx-MEDICAL, HOSPITAL, DENTAL 0.2% 0.0% 0.0% 0.3% 0.0% 0.6% 0.2% 20.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% & PUB HEALTH 07xx-VETERINARY 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.2% MEDICAL SCIENCE 435 7/13/2015 4:05:55 PM

436 Occupational Group / BIA BLM BOEMRE DOE FERC MSHA NRC OSHA OSM PHMSA USGS Job Family 08xx- ENGINEERING AND 4.1% 5.9% 16.5% 19.5% 19.1% 8.7% 45.2% 5.8% 4.0% 30.4% 1.7% ARCHITECTURE 09xx-LEGAL AND 3.5% 3.3% 0.6% 2.6% 21.2% 0.0% 3.2% 0.0% 0.0% 7.0% 0.0% KINDRED 10xx-INFORMATION Emerging Workforce Camera-Ready-June2015.indd 436 0.1% 1.7% 2.3% 0.8% 0.5% 0.3% 0.6% 0.9% 0.8% 2.0% 1.9% AND ARTS 11xx-BUSINESS AND 7.0% 4.5% 3.1% 11.9% 21.4% 1.2% 2.1% 0.3% 2.1% 2.3% 1.4% INDUSTRY 12xx-COPYRIGHT, PATENT, AND 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% TRADE-MARK 13xx-PHYSICAL 0.4% 6.3% 18.6% 5.8% 0.5% 2.3% 10.8% 1.7% 11.0% 2.5% 50.7% SCIENCES 14xx-LIBRARY AND 0.1% 0.0% 0.6% 0.1% 0.1% 0.2% 0.3% 0.4% 0.2% 0.0% 0.8% ARCHIVES 15xx-MATHEMATICS 0.0% 0.0% 0.3% 1.4% 0.3% 0.0% 0.1% 0.1% 0.0% 0.7% 1.3% AND STATISTICS 16xx-EQUIPMENT, FACILITIES, AND 0.7% 0.3% 0.0% 0.9% 0.1% 0.2% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.1% SERVICES 17xx-EDUCATION 27.9% 0.4% 0.0% 0.3% 0.0% 1.1% 0.4% 0.6% 1.2% 0.2% 0.1% 18xx- 1.6% 3.2% 6.9% 0.8% 0.2% 68.8% 1.1% 8.1% 10.8% 12.6% 0.0% INVESTIGATION APPENDIX C 7/13/2015 4:05:55 PM

Occupational Group / BIA BLM BOEMRE DOE FERC MSHA NRC OSHA OSM PHMSA USGS Job Family 19xx-QUALITY APPENDIX C ASSURANCE, 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.2% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% INSPECTION, & GRADING 20xx-SUPPLY 0.6% 0.4% 0.0% 0.3% 0.0% 0.2% 0.2% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.2% Emerging Workforce Camera-Ready-June2015.indd 437 21xx- 0.1% 0.9% 0.0% 0.5% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 17.8% 0.0% TRANSPORTATION 22xx-INFORMATION 1.3% 3.5% 6.0% 4.1% 1.9% 3.1% 4.6% 1.7% 5.8% 2.9% 6.3% TECHNOLOGY 25xx-WIRE COMM. EQUIP. INSTALLTN 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% & MAINTNCE 26xx-ELECTRONIC EQUIP. INSTALLTN 0.0% 0.1% 0.0% 1.5% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% & MAINTNCE 28xx-ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION AND 0.6% 0.0% 0.0% 4.7% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% MAINTENANCE 31xx-FABRIC AND 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% LEATHER WORK 33xx-INSTRUMENT 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% WORK 34xx-MACHINE 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% TOOL WORK 437 7/13/2015 4:05:55 PM

438 Occupational Group / BIA BLM BOEMRE DOE FERC MSHA NRC OSHA OSM PHMSA USGS Job Family 35xx-GENERAL SERVICES AND 3.3% 0.2% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.1% SUPPORT WORK 36xx-STRUCTURAL AND FINISHING 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% WORK Emerging Workforce Camera-Ready-June2015.indd 438 37xx-METAL 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% PROCESSING 38xx-METAL WORK 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 39xx-MOVIE, RADIO, TV & 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% SOUND EQUIP OPERATING 40xx-LENS AND 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% CRYSTAL WORK 41xx-PAINTING AND 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% PAPERHANGING 42xx-PLUMBING 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% AND PIPEFITTING 43xx-PLIABLE 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% MATERIALS WORK 44xx-PRINTING 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 46xx-WOOD WORK 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% APPENDIX C 7/13/2015 4:05:55 PM

Occupational Group / BIA BLM BOEMRE DOE FERC MSHA NRC OSHA OSM PHMSA USGS Job Family 47xx-GENERAL APPENDIX C MAINTENANCE 3.5% 1.2% 0.0% 0.2% 0.0% 0.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.4% AND OPERATIONS WORK 48xx-GENERAL EQUIPMENT 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% Emerging Workforce Camera-Ready-June2015.indd 439 MAINTENANCE 50xx-PLANT AND 0.1% 0.2% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% ANIMAL WORK 52xx- MISCELLANEOUS 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% OCCUPATIONS 53xx-INDUSTRIAL EQUIPMENT 0.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.1% MAINTENANCE 54xx-INDUSTRIAL EQUIPMENT 0.1% 0.3% 0.0% 1.4% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% OPERATION 57xx-TRANSPORT/ MOBILE 4.5% 1.6% 0.0% 0.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.2% EQUIPMENT OPERATION 58xx-TRANSPORT/ MOBILE 0.4% 0.1% 0.0% 0.2% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% EQUIPMENT MAINTENANCE 439 7/13/2015 4:05:55 PM

440 Occupational Group / BIA BLM BOEMRE DOE FERC MSHA NRC OSHA OSM PHMSA USGS Job Family 65xx-AMMO, EXPLOSIVES, 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% &TOXIC MATERIALS WORK 66xx-ARMAMENT 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% WORK Emerging Workforce Camera-Ready-June2015.indd 440 69xx- WAREHOUSING 0.2% 0.4% 0.0% 0.2% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% AND STOCK HANDLING 70xx-PACKING AND 0.0% 0.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% PROCESSING 73xx-LAUNDRY, DRY CLEANING, 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% AND PRESSING 74xx-FOOD PREPARATION AND 3.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% SERVING 76xx-PERSONAL 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% SERVICES 82xx-FLUID SYSTEMS 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% MAINTENANCE 86xx-ENGINE 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% OVERHAUL 88xx-AIRCRAFT 0.0% 0.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% OVERHAUL APPENDIX C 7/13/2015 4:05:55 PM

Occupational Group / BIA BLM BOEMRE DOE FERC MSHA NRC OSHA OSM PHMSA USGS Job Family 99xx-VESSEL JOBS APPENDIX C EXCLUDED FROM 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% FED WAGE SYS UNSPECIFIED 0.2% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.1% Emerging Workforce Camera-Ready-June2015.indd 441 TOTAL 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% NOTE: Information is as of the fiscal year-end 2011 (September 30). Occupational group refers to white collar occupational groups represented by 00xx- MISCELLANEOUS OCCUPATIONS through 22xx-INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY. Job family refers to trade, craft, or labor job families represented by 25xx-WIRE COMM. EQUIP. INSTALLTN & MAINTNCE through 88xx-AIRCRAFT OVERHAUL. Occupational groups or job families with 5 percent or more of total agency employment are shaded gray. Source: FedScope, 2012. Additional tabulations by the National Research Council. Legend: BIA = Bureau of Indian Affairs BLM = Bureau of Land Management BOEMRE = Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Regulation and Enforcement DOE = Department of Energy FERC = Federal Energy Regulatory Commission MSHA = Mine Safety and Health Administration NRC = Nuclear Regulatory Commission OSHA = Occupational Safety and Health Administration OSM = Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement PHMSA = Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration USGS = U.S. Geological Survey SOURCE: FedScope, 2012. Additional tabulations by the National Research Council. 441 7/13/2015 4:05:55 PM

Table C.32. Employment counts for the 20 largest occupations within the Bureau of Indian Affairs, 2011. 442 Percent of agency Occupation Employment employment 1710-EDUCATION AND VOCATIONAL TRAINING 1,347 14.7% 1702-EDUCATION AND TRAINING TECHNICIAN 982 10.7% 0303-MISCELLANEOUS CLERK AND ASSISTANT 421 4.6% 0462-FORESTRY TECHNICIAN 409 4.5% Emerging Workforce Camera-Ready-June2015.indd 442 1170-REALTY 330 3.6% 0301-MISCELLANEOUS ADMINISTRATION AND PROGRAM 295 3.2% 4749-MAINTENANCE MECHANIC 267 2.9% 5703-MOTOR VEHICLE OPERATING 256 2.8% 7404-COOKING 250 2.7% 1101-GENERAL BUSINESS AND INDUSTRY 221 2.4% 3566-CUSTODIAL WORKING 211 2.3% 0083-POLICE 200 2.2% 0318-SECRETARY 188 2.1% 0802-ENGINEERING TECHNICAL 181 2.0% 0007-CORRECTIONAL OFFICER 169 1.8% 0340-PROGRAM MANAGEMENT 157 1.7% 5716-ENGINEERING EQUIPMENT OPERATING 151 1.7% 1811-CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION 143 1.6% 0401-GENERAL NATURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 137 1.5% 0460-FORESTRY 136 1.5% NOTE: Employment is as of September 30, 2011 SOURCE: FedScope, 2012. Additional tabulations by the National Research Council. APPENDIX C 7/13/2015 4:05:56 PM

Table C.33. Employment counts for the 20 largest occupations within the Bureau of Land Management, 2011. Percent of agency APPENDIX C Occupation Employment employment 0455-RANGE TECHNICIAN 1,480 12.9% 0301-MISCELLANEOUS ADMINISTRATION AND PROGRAM 818 7.1% Emerging Workforce Camera-Ready-June2015.indd 443 0401-GENERAL NATURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 772 6.7% 0303-MISCELLANEOUS CLERK AND ASSISTANT 424 3.7% 0462-FORESTRY TECHNICIAN 421 3.7% 2210-INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT 396 3.5% 0340-PROGRAM MANAGEMENT 386 3.4% 0454-RANGELAND MANAGEMENT 302 2.6% 0802-ENGINEERING TECHNICAL 286 2.5% 1170-REALTY 278 2.4% 0025-PARK RANGER 245 2.1% 0023-OUTDOOR RECREATION PLANNING 227 2.0% 1373-LAND SURVEYING 226 2.0% 0486-WILDLIFE BIOLOGY 225 2.0% 1801-GENERAL INSPECTION, INVESTIGATION, ENFORCEMENT, AND COMPLIANCE SERIES 220 1.9% 0193-ARCHEOLOGY 206 1.8% 443 7/13/2015 4:05:56 PM

444 Percent of agency Occupation Employment employment 0404-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE TECHNICIAN 202 1.8% 0965-LAND LAW EXAMINING 196 1.7% 1350-GEOLOGY 196 1.7% 0460-FORESTRY 173 1.5% Emerging Workforce Camera-Ready-June2015.indd 444 NOTE: Employment is as of September 30, 2011 SOURCE: FedScope, 2012. Additional tabulations by the National Research Council. Table C.34. Employment counts for the 20 largest occupations within the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Regulation and Enforcement, 2011. Percent of agency Occupation Employment employment 0881-PETROLEUM ENGINEERING 161 13.6% 0301-MISCELLANEOUS ADMINISTRATION AND PROGRAM 95 8.0% 1350-GEOLOGY 95 8.0% 1801-GENERAL INSPECTION, INVESTIGATION, ENFORCEMENT, AND COMPLIANCE SERIES 81 6.9% 2210-INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT 70 5.9% 0343-MANAGEMENT AND PROGRAM ANALYSIS 67 5.7% 0303-MISCELLANEOUS CLERK AND ASSISTANT 53 4.5% APPENDIX C 7/13/2015 4:05:56 PM

Percent of agency Occupation Employment employment 1313-GEOPHYSICS 52 4.4% APPENDIX C 0318-SECRETARY 51 4.3% 0201-HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT 48 4.1% 0401-GENERAL NATURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 40 3.4% Emerging Workforce Camera-Ready-June2015.indd 445 1301-GENERAL PHYSICAL SCIENCE 30 2.5% 1102-CONTRACTING 27 2.3% 0028-ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION SPECIALIST 25 2.1% 0340-PROGRAM MANAGEMENT 22 1.9% 1360-OCEANOGRAPHY 22 1.9% 0802-ENGINEERING TECHNICAL 21 1.8% 0560-BUDGET ANALYSIS 14 1.2% 1035-PUBLIC AFFAIRS 14 1.2% 0110-ECONOMIST 13 1.1% NOTE: Employment is as of September 30, 2011.Source: FedScope, 2012. Additional tabulations by the National Research Council. 445 7/13/2015 4:05:56 PM

Table C.35. Employment counts for the 20 largest occupations within the Department of Energy, 2011. 446 Percent of agency Occupation Employment employment 0801-GENERAL ENGINEERING 1,631 11.0% 0301-MISCELLANEOUS ADMINISTRATION AND PROGRAM 1,576 10.6% 0343-MANAGEMENT AND PROGRAM ANALYSIS 908 6.1% Emerging Workforce Camera-Ready-June2015.indd 446 1301-GENERAL PHYSICAL SCIENCE 655 4.4% 1102-CONTRACTING 641 4.3% 2210-INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT 603 4.0% 2810-HIGH VOLTAGE ELECTRICIAN 542 3.6% 1130-PUBLIC UTILITIES SPECIALIST 440 3.0% 0850-ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING 436 2.9% 1101-GENERAL BUSINESS AND INDUSTRY 429 2.9% 0340-PROGRAM MANAGEMENT 406 2.7% 0303-MISCELLANEOUS CLERK AND ASSISTANT 377 2.5% 0084-NUCLEAR MATERIALS COURIER 338 2.3% 0905-GENERAL ATTORNEY 338 2.3% 0510-ACCOUNTING 334 2.2% 0080-SECURITY ADMINISTRATION 330 2.2% 0201-HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT 320 2.1% 0560-BUDGET ANALYSIS 252 1.7% 0840-NUCLEAR ENGINEERING 249 1.7% 5407-ELECTRICAL POWER CONTROLLING 204 1.4% NOTE: Employment is as of September 30, 2011.Source: FedScope, 2012. Additional tabulations by the National Research Council. APPENDIX C 7/13/2015 4:05:56 PM

Table C.36. Employment counts for the 20 largest occupations within the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, 2011. Percent of agency Occupation Employment employment APPENDIX C 1101-GENERAL BUSINESS AND INDUSTRY 302 20.3% 0905-GENERAL ATTORNEY 266 17.9% 0810-CIVIL ENGINEERING 139 9.3% Emerging Workforce Camera-Ready-June2015.indd 447 0850-ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING 100 6.7% 0301-MISCELLANEOUS ADMINISTRATION AND PROGRAM 66 4.4% 0343-MANAGEMENT AND PROGRAM ANALYSIS 65 4.4% 0110-ECONOMIST 56 3.8% 0511-AUDITING 39 2.6% 0340-PROGRAM MANAGEMENT 29 1.9% 2210-INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT 29 1.9% 0318-SECRETARY 27 1.8% 0303-MISCELLANEOUS CLERK AND ASSISTANT 26 1.7% 0401-GENERAL NATURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 25 1.7% 0201-HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT 23 1.5% 0510-ACCOUNTING 23 1.5% 0482-FISH BIOLOGY 21 1.4% 0028-ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION SPECIALIST 16 1.1% 0935-ADMINISTRATIVE LAW JUDGE 15 1.0% 0950-PARALEGAL SPECIALIST 14 0.9% 0986-LEGAL ASSISTANCE 14 0.9% NOTE: Employment is as of September 30, 2011. Source: FedScope, 2012. Additional tabulations by the National Research Council. 447 7/13/2015 4:05:56 PM

Table C.37. Employment counts for the 20 largest occupations within the Mine Safety and Health Administration, 2011. 448 Percent of agency Occupation Employment employment 1822-MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH INSPECTION SERIES 1,404 60.3% 1802-COMPLIANCE INSPECTION AND SUPPORT 182 7.8% 2210-INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT 73 3.1% Emerging Workforce Camera-Ready-June2015.indd 448 0343-MANAGEMENT AND PROGRAM ANALYSIS 68 2.9% 0880-MINING ENGINEERING 58 2.5% 0318-SECRETARY 55 2.4% 0301-MISCELLANEOUS ADMINISTRATION AND PROGRAM 54 2.3% 0801-GENERAL ENGINEERING 38 1.6% 0810-CIVIL ENGINEERING 34 1.5% 0850-ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING 33 1.4% 1311-PHYSICAL SCIENCE TECHNICIAN 29 1.2% 0326-OFFICE AUTOMATION CLERICAL AND ASSISTANCE 25 1.1% 1712-TRAINING INSTRUCTION 23 1.0% 0303-MISCELLANEOUS CLERK AND ASSISTANT 17 0.7% 0830-MECHANICAL ENGINEERING 16 0.7% 1801-GENERAL INSPECTION, INVESTIGATION, ENFORCEMENT, AND COMPLIANCE SERIES 16 0.7% 0690-INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE 15 0.6% 0802-ENGINEERING TECHNICAL 15 0.6% 0201-HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT 14 0.6% 1301-GENERAL PHYSICAL SCIENCE 13 0.6% NOTE: Employment is as of September 30, 2011. Source: FedScope, 2012. Additional tabulations by the National Research Council. APPENDIX C 7/13/2015 4:05:56 PM

Table C.38. Employment counts for the 20 largest occupations within the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 2011. Percent of agency Occupation Employment employment APPENDIX C 0801-GENERAL ENGINEERING 1,160 28.2% 0840-NUCLEAR ENGINEERING 434 10.6% 0343-MANAGEMENT AND PROGRAM ANALYSIS 310 7.5% Emerging Workforce Camera-Ready-June2015.indd 449 0318-SECRETARY 238 5.8% 1301-GENERAL PHYSICAL SCIENCE 209 5.1% 2210-INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT 186 4.5% 1306-HEALTH PHYSICS 184 4.5% 0301-MISCELLANEOUS ADMINISTRATION AND PROGRAM 181 4.4% 0080-SECURITY ADMINISTRATION 129 3.1% 0905-GENERAL ATTORNEY 114 2.8% 0303-MISCELLANEOUS CLERK AND ASSISTANT 106 2.6% 0806-MATERIALS ENGINEERING 64 1.6% 0201-HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT 51 1.2% 0810-CIVIL ENGINEERING 49 1.2% 1102-CONTRACTING 49 1.2% 0340-PROGRAM MANAGEMENT 48 1.2% 0830-MECHANICAL ENGINEERING 47 1.1% 1811-CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION 44 1.1% 0850-ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING 42 1.0% 0510-ACCOUNTING 34 0.8% NOTE: Employment is as of September 30, 2011.Source: FedScope, 2012. Additional tabulations by the National Research Council. 449 7/13/2015 4:05:56 PM

Table C.39. Employment counts for the 20 largest occupations within the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 450 2011. Percent of agency Occupation Employment employment 0018-SAFETY AND OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH MANAGEMENT 915 40.3% 0690-INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE 425 18.7% Emerging Workforce Camera-Ready-June2015.indd 450 0343-MANAGEMENT AND PROGRAM ANALYSIS 156 6.9% 1801-GENERAL INSPECTION, INVESTIGATION, ENFORCEMENT, AND COMPLIANCE SERIES 103 4.5% 0303-MISCELLANEOUS CLERK AND ASSISTANT 92 4.0% 0803-SAFETY ENGINEERING 92 4.0% 1802-COMPLIANCE INSPECTION AND SUPPORT 81 3.6% 0301-MISCELLANEOUS ADMINISTRATION AND PROGRAM 41 1.8% 2210-INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT 39 1.7% 1320-CHEMISTRY 32 1.4% 0344-MANAGEMENT AND PROGRAM CLERICAL AND ASSISTANCE 30 1.3% 0601-GENERAL HEALTH SCIENCE 28 1.2% 0326-OFFICE AUTOMATION CLERICAL AND ASSISTANCE 23 1.0% 0318-SECRETARY 20 0.9% 0110-ECONOMIST 14 0.6% 0201-HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT 13 0.6% 0501-FINANCIAL ADMINISTRATION AND PROGRAM 13 0.6% 0341-ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICER 12 0.5% 1712-TRAINING INSTRUCTION 10 0.4% APPENDIX C 7/13/2015 4:05:56 PM

Percent of agency Occupation Employment employment APPENDIX C 0560-BUDGET ANALYSIS 9 0.4% 0893-CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 9 0.4% 1083-TECHNICAL WRITING AND EDITING 9 0.4% NOTE: Employment is as of September 30, 2011 Source: FedScope, 2012. Additional tabulations by the National Research Council. Emerging Workforce Camera-Ready-June2015.indd 451 451 7/13/2015 4:05:56 PM

Table C.40. Employment counts for the 20 largest occupations within the Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and 452 Enforcement, 2011. Percent of agency Occupation Employment employment 0301-MISCELLANEOUS ADMINISTRATION AND PROGRAM 79 15.2% 1801-GENERAL INSPECTION, INVESTIGATION, ENFORCEMENT, AND COMPLIANCE SERIES 52 10.0% 0303-MISCELLANEOUS CLERK AND ASSISTANT 43 8.3% Emerging Workforce Camera-Ready-June2015.indd 452 0343-MANAGEMENT AND PROGRAM ANALYSIS 37 7.1% 2210-INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT 30 5.8% 0511-AUDITING 29 5.6% 1301-GENERAL PHYSICAL SCIENCE 27 5.2% 0340-PROGRAM MANAGEMENT 22 4.2% 0510-ACCOUNTING 19 3.7% 1315-HYDROLOGY 18 3.5% 0028-ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION SPECIALIST 12 2.3% 0810-CIVIL ENGINEERING 12 2.3% 0501-FINANCIAL ADMINISTRATION AND PROGRAM 10 1.9% 0201-HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT 9 1.7% 0401-GENERAL NATURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 9 1.7% 0318-SECRETARY 8 1.5% 0880-MINING ENGINEERING 7 1.3% 0260-EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY 6 1.2% 1311-PHYSICAL SCIENCE TECHNICIAN 6 1.2% 1350-GEOLOGY 6 1.2% NOTE: Employment is as of September 30, 2011. Source: FedScope, 2012. Additional tabulations by the National Research Council. APPENDIX C 7/13/2015 4:05:56 PM

Table C.41. Employment counts for the 20 largest occupations within the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration, 2011. Percent of agency Occupation Employment APPENDIX C employment 0801-GENERAL ENGINEERING 134 30.2% 2101-TRANSPORTATION SPECIALIST 73 16.4% Emerging Workforce Camera-Ready-June2015.indd 453 1801-GENERAL INSPECTION, INVESTIGATION, ENFORCEMENT, AND COMPLIANCE SERIES 54 12.2% 0905-GENERAL ATTORNEY 29 6.5% 0343-MANAGEMENT AND PROGRAM ANALYSIS 21 4.7% 0301-MISCELLANEOUS ADMINISTRATION AND PROGRAM 19 4.3% 0303-MISCELLANEOUS CLERK AND ASSISTANT 16 3.6% 2210-INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT 12 2.7% 0201-HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT 9 2.0% 0340-PROGRAM MANAGEMENT 9 2.0% 1102-CONTRACTING 9 2.0% 1001-GENERAL ARTS AND INFORMATION 6 1.4% 1320-CHEMISTRY 6 1.4% 0399-ADMINISTRATION AND OFFICE SUPPORT STUDENT TRAINEE 4 0.9% 0560-BUDGET ANALYSIS 4 0.9% 1301-GENERAL PHYSICAL SCIENCE 4 0.9% 0203-HUMAN RESOURCES ASSISTANCE 3 0.7% 2102-TRANSPORTATION CLERK AND ASSISTANT 3 0.7% 2199-TRANSPORTATION STUDENT TRAINEE 3 0.7% 0341-ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICER 2 0.5% 453 7/13/2015 4:05:56 PM

454 Percent of agency Occupation Employment employment 0360-EQUAL OPPORTUNITY COMPLIANCE 2 0.5% 0510-ACCOUNTING 2 0.5% 1035-PUBLIC AFFAIRS 2 0.5% 1515-OPERATIONS RESEARCH 2 0.5% Emerging Workforce Camera-Ready-June2015.indd 454 1899-INVESTIGATION STUDENT TRAINEE 2 0.5% NOTE: Employment is as of September 30, 2011. Source: FedScope, 2012. Additional tabulations by the National Research Council. Table C.42. Employment counts for the 20 largest occupations within the U.S. Geological Survey, 2011. Percent of agency Occupation Employment employment 1315-HYDROLOGY 1,398 15.4% 1316-HYDROLOGIC TECHNICIAN 1,252 13.8% 1350-GEOLOGY 576 6.3% 2210-INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT 542 6.0% 1301-GENERAL PHYSICAL SCIENCE 385 4.2% 0404-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE TECHNICIAN 379 4.2% 0401-GENERAL NATURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 298 3.3% 0303-MISCELLANEOUS CLERK AND ASSISTANT 275 3.0% 0408-ECOLOGY 265 2.9% 1313-GEOPHYSICS 247 2.7% APPENDIX C 7/13/2015 4:05:56 PM

Percent of agency Occupation Employment employment 0150-GEOGRAPHY 204 2.2% APPENDIX C 0482-FISH BIOLOGY 201 2.2% 0486-WILDLIFE BIOLOGY 192 2.1% 1311-PHYSICAL SCIENCE TECHNICIAN 187 2.1% Emerging Workforce Camera-Ready-June2015.indd 455 1370-CARTOGRAPHY 174 1.9% 0301-MISCELLANEOUS ADMINISTRATION AND PROGRAM 158 1.7% 1320-CHEMISTRY 150 1.7% 1399-PHYSICAL SCIENCE STUDENT TRAINEE 139 1.5% 0343-MANAGEMENT AND PROGRAM ANALYSIS 130 1.4% 0326-OFFICE AUTOMATION CLERICAL AND ASSISTANCE 115 1.3% NOTE: Employment is as of September 30, 2011. SOURCE: FedScope, 2012. Additional tabulations by the National Research Council. 455 7/13/2015 4:05:57 PM

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Energy and mineral resources are essential for the nation's fundamental functions, its economy, and security. Nonfuel minerals are essential for the existence and operations of products that are used by people every day and are provided by various sectors of the mining industry. Energy in the United States is provided from a variety of resources including fossil fuels, and renewable and nuclear energy, all with established commercial industry bases. The United States is the largest electric power producer in the world. The overall value added to the U.S. gross domestic product (GDP) in 2011 by major industries that consumed processed nonfuel mineral materials was $2.2 trillion.

Recognizing the importance of understanding the state of the energy and mining workforce in the United States to assure a trained and skilled workforce of sufficient size for the future, the Department of Energy's (DOE's) National Energy technology Laboratory (NETL) contracted with the National Research Council (NRC) to perform a study of the emerging workforce trends in the U.S. energy and mining industries. Emerging Workforce Trends in the U.S. Energy and Mining Industries: A Call to Action summarizes the findings of this study.

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