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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 2013. Perspectives on Research with H5N1 Avian Influenza: Scientific Inquiry, Communication, Controversy: Summary of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18255.
×

Perspectives on Research
with H5N1 Avian Influenza

Scientific Inquiry, Communication, Controversy

SUMMARY OF A WORKSHOP

Karin Matchett, Anne-Marie Mazza, and Steven Kendall, Rapporteurs

Committee on Science, Technology, and Law
Policy and Global Affairs

Board on Life Sciences
Division on Earth and Life Studies

Forum on Microbial Threats
Board on Global Health

NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL AND
INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE
OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS

Washington, D.C.

www.nap.edu

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 2013. Perspectives on Research with H5N1 Avian Influenza: Scientific Inquiry, Communication, Controversy: Summary of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18255.
×

THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS     500 Fifth Street, NW     Washington, DC 20001

NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance.

This study was supported by Contract\No. B2012-03 between the National Academy of Sciences and Alfred P. Sloan Foundation. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the organizations or agencies that provided support for the project.

International Standard Book Number-13:  978-0-309-26775-5
International Standard Book Number-10:  0-309-26775-7

Additional copies of this report are available from the National Academies Press, 500 Fifth Street, NW, Room 360, Washington, DC 20001; (800) 624-6242 or (202) 334-3313; http://www.nap.edu.

Copyright 2013 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.

Printed in the United States of America

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 2013. Perspectives on Research with H5N1 Avian Influenza: Scientific Inquiry, Communication, Controversy: Summary of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18255.
×

THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

Advisers to the Nation on Science, Engineering, and Medicine

 

The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone is president of the National Academy of Sciences.

The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. Charles M. Vest is president of the National Academy of Engineering.

The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, upon its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Harvey V. Fineberg is president of the Institute of Medicine.

The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy’s purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone and Dr. Charles M. Vest are chair and vice chair, respectively, of the National Research Council.

www.national-academies.org

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 2013. Perspectives on Research with H5N1 Avian Influenza: Scientific Inquiry, Communication, Controversy: Summary of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18255.
×

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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 2013. Perspectives on Research with H5N1 Avian Influenza: Scientific Inquiry, Communication, Controversy: Summary of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18255.
×

COMMITTEE ON THE H5N1 AVIAN FLU VIRUS: HAS THE PARADIGM CHANGED?

DAVID KORN (IOM), (Co-Chair), Consultant in Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital; Professor of Pathology, Harvard Medical School

DAVID RELMAN (IOM), (Co-Chair), Thomas C. and Joan M. Merigan Professor, Departments of Medicine, and of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University; Chief, Infectious Disease Section, VA Palo Alto Health Care System

RUTH BERKELMAN (IOM), Rollins Professor and Director Center for Public Health Preparedness and Research, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University

GAIL CASSELL (IOM), Visiting Professor, Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Vice President of TB Drug Discovery, Infectious Disease Research Institute

STANLEY FALKOW (IOM), Robert W. and Vivian K. Cahill Professor Emeritus of Microbiology and Immunology and Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University

DAVID FIDLER, James L. Calamaras Professor of Law, Maurer School of Law, Indiana University

RICHARD J. ROBERTS, Chief Scientific Officer, New England Biolabs

Staff

ANNE-MARIE MAZZA, Director, Committee on Science, Technology, and Law, National Research Council

EILEEN CHOFFNES, Director/Scholar, Forum on Microbial Threats, Institute of Medicine

JO HUSBANDS, Scholar/Senior Project Director, Board on Life Sciences, National Research Council

STEVEN KENDALL, Associate Program Officer, Committee on Science, Technology, and Law, National Research Council

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 2013. Perspectives on Research with H5N1 Avian Influenza: Scientific Inquiry, Communication, Controversy: Summary of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18255.
×

COMMITTEE ON SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND LAW

DAVID KORN (IOM), (Co-Chair), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School

RICHARD A. MESERVE (NAE), (Co-Chair), Carnegie Institution for Science and Senior Of Counsel, Covington & Burling LLP

BARBARA E. BIERER, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women’s Hospital

ELIZABETH H. BLACKBURN (NAS/IOM), University of California, San Francisco

SHERWOOD BOEHLERT, U.S. House of Representatives (retired)

JOHN BURRIS, Burroughs Wellcome Fund

CLAUDE CANIZARES (NAS), Massachusetts Institute of Technology

ARTURO CASADEVALL, Albert Einstein College of Medicine

JOE S. CECIL, Federal Judicial Center

ROCHELLE COOPER DREYFUSS, New York University School of Law

DREW ENDY, Stanford University and The BioBricks Foundation

MARCUS FELDMAN, Stanford University

JEREMY FOGEL, The Federal Judicial Center

ALICE P. GAST (NAE), Lehigh University

JASON GRUMET, Bipartisan Policy Center

BENJAMIN W. HEINEMAN, JR., Harvard Law School and Harvard Kennedy School of Government

D. BROCK HORNBY, U.S. District Court, District of Maine

WALLACE LOH, University of Maryland, College Park

MARGARET MARSHALL, Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court (retired)

ALAN B. MORRISON, George Washington University Law School

CHERRY MURRAY (NAS/NAE), Harvard University

ROBERTA NESS (IOM), University of Texas School of Public Health

PRABHU PINGALI (NAS), Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation

HARRIET RABB, Rockefeller University

DAVID RELMAN (IOM), Stanford University and VA Palo Alto Health Care System

RICHARD REVESZ, New York University School of Law

DAVID S. TATEL, U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit

SOPHIE VANDEBROEK, Xerox Corporation

Staff

ANNE-MARIE MAZZA, Director

STEVEN KENDALL, Associate Program Officer

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 2013. Perspectives on Research with H5N1 Avian Influenza: Scientific Inquiry, Communication, Controversy: Summary of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18255.
×

BOARD ON LIFE SCIENCES

KEITH R. YAMAMOTO (NAS/IOM), (Chair), University of California, San Francisco

BONNIE L. BASSLER (NAS), Princeton University

VICKI L. CHANDLER (NAS), Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation

SEAN EDDY, Janelia Farm Research Campus

MARK D. FITZSIMMONS, John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation

DAVID R. FRANZ, Midwest Research Institute

LOUIS J. GROSS, University of Tennessee

RICHARD A. JOHNSON, Global Helix LLC

CATO T. LAURENCIN (NAE/IOM), University of Connecticut Health Center

ALAN LESHNER (IOM), American Association for the Advancement of Science

BERNARD LO (IOM), University of California, San Francisco

ROBERT M. NEREM (NAE/IOM), Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia

CAMILLE PARMESAN, University of Texas, Austin

MURIEL E. POSTON, National Science Foundation

ALISON G. POWER, Cornell University

MARGARET RILEY, University of Massachusetts, Amherst

BRUCE W. STILLMAN (IOM), Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory

CYNTHIA WOLBERGER, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

MARY WOOLLEY (IOM), Research!America

Staff

FRANCES E. SHARPLES, Director

JO L. HUSBANDS, Scholar/Senior Project Director

JAY B. LABOV, Senior Scientist/Program Director for Biology Education

KATHERINE BOWMAN, Senior Program Officer

MARILEE K. SHELTON-DAVENPORT, Senior Program Officer

INDIA HOOK-BARNARD, Program Officer

KEEGAN SAWYER, Program Officer

BETHELHEM BANJAW, Financial Associate

CARL-GUSTAV ANDERSON, Program Associate

ORIN LUKE, Senior Program Assistant

SAYYEDA AYESHA AHMED, Senior Program Assistant

Page viii Cite
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 2013. Perspectives on Research with H5N1 Avian Influenza: Scientific Inquiry, Communication, Controversy: Summary of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18255.
×

FORUM ON MICROBIAL THREATS

DAVID A. RELMAN (IOM), (Chair), Stanford University and VA Palo Alto Health Care System

JAMES M. HUGHES (IOM), (Vice Chair), Emory University

LONNIE J. KING (IOM), (Vice Chair), Ohio State University

KEVIN ANDERSON, Department of Homeland Security

ENRIQUETA C. BOND (IOM), Burroughs Wellcome Fund (Emeritus)

ROGER G. BREEZE, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory

PAULA R. BRYANT, Defense Threat Reduction Agency

JOHN BURRIS, Burroughs Wellcome Fund

ARTURO CASADEVALL, Albert Einstein College of Medicine

PETER DASZAK, EcoHealth Alliance

JEFFREY S. DUCHIN, Communicable Disease Epidemiology & Immunization Section for Public Health – Seattle & King County, WA

JONATHAN EISEN, University of California, Davis

RALPH L. ERICKSON, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research

MARK B. FEINBERG, Merck & Co., Inc.

JACQUELINE FLETCHER, Oklahoma State University

JESSE L. GOLDMAN (IOM), Food and Drug Administration

EDUARDO GOTUZZO, Instituto de Medicina Tropical – “Alexander von Humbolt” Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia

CAROLE A. HEILMAN, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health

DAVID L. HEYMANN (IOM), Health Protection Agency, United Kingdom

ZHI HONG, GlaxoSmithKline

PHIL HOSBACH, Sanofi Pasteur

STEPHAN A. JOHNSTON, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University

GERALD T. KEUSCH (IOM), Boston University School of Public Health

RIMA F. KHABBAZ, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

STANLEY M. LEMON, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill

EDWARD MCSWEEGAN, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health

MARK A. MILLER, Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health

JULIE PAVLIN, Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center

GEORGE POSTE, Complex Adaptive Systems Initiative, Arizona State University

DAVID RIZZO, University of California, Davis

GARY A. ROSELLE, Veterans Administration Headquarters, Cincinnati, OH

ALAN S. RUDOLPH, Defense Threat Reduction Agency

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 2013. Perspectives on Research with H5N1 Avian Influenza: Scientific Inquiry, Communication, Controversy: Summary of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18255.
×

KEVIN RUSSELL, Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center

JANET SHOEMAKER, American Society for Microbiology

P. FREDERICK SPARLING, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill

MURRAY TROSTLE, U.S. Agency for International Development

MARY E. WILSON, Harvard University

Staff

EILEEN R. CHOFFNES, Director/Scholar

LEIGHANNE OLSEN, Program Officer

KATHERINE MCCLURE, Senior Program Associate

REBEKAH HUTTON, Research Associate

PAMELA BERTELSON, Senior Program Assistant

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 2013. Perspectives on Research with H5N1 Avian Influenza: Scientific Inquiry, Communication, Controversy: Summary of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18255.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 2013. Perspectives on Research with H5N1 Avian Influenza: Scientific Inquiry, Communication, Controversy: Summary of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18255.
×

Acknowledgments

We would like to acknowledge the contributions of the following individuals who made presentations at the workshop: Ann Arvin, Lucile Salter Packard Professor of Pediatrics (Infectious Diseases) and Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine; Ruth L. Berkelman, Rollins Professor and Director Center for Public Health Preparedness and Research, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University; Roger Brent, Member, Division of Basic Sciences and Adjunct Member, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center; Robert Cook-Deegan, Director for Genome Ethics, Law, and Policy, Institute for Genome Sciences and Policy, Duke University; Anthony S. Fauci, Director, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health; David Franz, United States Army Medical Research Institute for Infectious Diseases (retired); David Heymann, Chairman, Health Protection Agency, U.K. and Head of the Centre on Global Health Security at Chatham House, London and Professor of Infectious Disease Epidemiology at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine; Gregory E. Kaebnick, Research Scholar and editor of the Hastings Center Report, The Hastings Center; Lawrence D. Kerr, Deputy Director for Global Biological Threats, National Counterproliferation Center, Office of the Director of National Intelligence; Daniel J. Kevles, Stanley Woodward Professor of History, Yale University; David Korn, Consultant in Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Professor of Pathology, Harvard Medical School; Piers Millet, Deputy Head of the Implementation Support Unit for the Biological Weapons Convention, United Nations Office for Disarmament; Joe Palca, Science Correspondent, National Public Radio; David Relman, Thomas C.

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 2013. Perspectives on Research with H5N1 Avian Influenza: Scientific Inquiry, Communication, Controversy: Summary of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18255.
×

and Joan M. Merigan Professor, Departments of Medicine, and of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University and Chief, Infectious Disease Section, VA Palo Alto Health Care System; Jeffery K. Taubenberger, Chief of the Viral Pathogenesis and Evolution Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health; Robert G. Webster, Rose Marie Thomas Chair and Professor, Division of Virology, Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital; Carl Zimmer, Frequent Contributor, The New York Times. We would also like to thank session moderators David Baltimore, President Emeritus and Robert Andrews Millikan Professor of Biology, California Institute of Technology; Lawrence O. Gostin, University Professor in Global Health Law, Georgetown University, Faculty Director of the O’Neill Institute for National and Global Health Law, and Director of the WHO Collaborating Center on Public Health Law and Human Rights; Alice Huang, Senior Faculty Associate in Biology, California Institute of Technology; and Harold T. Shapiro, President Emeritus and Professor of Economics and Public Affairs, Princeton University.

This report has been reviewed in draft form by individuals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise, in accordance with procedures approved by the National Academies’ Report Review Committee. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the institution in making its published report as sound as possible and to ensure that the report meets institutional standards for quality and objectivity. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the process.

We wish to thank the following individuals for their review of this report: Gigi Kwik Gronvall, University of Pittsburgh; David Korn, Harvard University and Massachusetts General Hospital; Robert Lamb, Northwestern University; Henry Metzger, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health; Peter Palese, Mount Sinai School of Medicine; David Relman, Stanford University and VA Palo Alto Health Care System; and Jeffery K. Taubenberger, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health.

Although the reviewers listed above have provided many constructive comments and suggestions, they were not asked to endorse the content of the report, nor did they see the final draft before its release. The review of this report was overseen by Huda Akil, University of Michigan. Appointed by the National Academies, she was responsible for making certain that an independent examination of this report was carried out in accordance with institutional procedures and that all review comments were carefully considered. Responsibility for the final content of this report rests entirely with the rapporteurs and the institution.

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 2013. Perspectives on Research with H5N1 Avian Influenza: Scientific Inquiry, Communication, Controversy: Summary of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18255.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 2013. Perspectives on Research with H5N1 Avian Influenza: Scientific Inquiry, Communication, Controversy: Summary of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18255.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 2013. Perspectives on Research with H5N1 Avian Influenza: Scientific Inquiry, Communication, Controversy: Summary of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18255.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 2013. Perspectives on Research with H5N1 Avian Influenza: Scientific Inquiry, Communication, Controversy: Summary of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18255.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 2013. Perspectives on Research with H5N1 Avian Influenza: Scientific Inquiry, Communication, Controversy: Summary of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18255.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 2013. Perspectives on Research with H5N1 Avian Influenza: Scientific Inquiry, Communication, Controversy: Summary of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18255.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 2013. Perspectives on Research with H5N1 Avian Influenza: Scientific Inquiry, Communication, Controversy: Summary of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18255.
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Page viii Cite
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 2013. Perspectives on Research with H5N1 Avian Influenza: Scientific Inquiry, Communication, Controversy: Summary of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18255.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 2013. Perspectives on Research with H5N1 Avian Influenza: Scientific Inquiry, Communication, Controversy: Summary of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18255.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 2013. Perspectives on Research with H5N1 Avian Influenza: Scientific Inquiry, Communication, Controversy: Summary of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18255.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 2013. Perspectives on Research with H5N1 Avian Influenza: Scientific Inquiry, Communication, Controversy: Summary of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18255.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 2013. Perspectives on Research with H5N1 Avian Influenza: Scientific Inquiry, Communication, Controversy: Summary of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18255.
×
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Page xiii Cite
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 2013. Perspectives on Research with H5N1 Avian Influenza: Scientific Inquiry, Communication, Controversy: Summary of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18255.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 2013. Perspectives on Research with H5N1 Avian Influenza: Scientific Inquiry, Communication, Controversy: Summary of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18255.
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When, in late 2011, it became public knowledge that two research groups had submitted for publication manuscripts that reported on their work on mammalian transmissibility of a lethal H5N1 avian influenza strain, the information caused an international debate about the appropriateness and communication of the researchers' work, the risks associated with the work, partial or complete censorship of scientific publications, and dual-use research of concern in general.

Recognizing that the H5N1 research is only the most recent scientific activity subject to widespread attention due to safety and security concerns, on May 1, 2012, the National Research Council's Committee on Science, Technology and Law, in conjunction with the Board on Life Sciences and the Institute of Medicine's Forum on Microbial Threats, convened a one-day public workshop for the purposes of 1) discussing the H5N1 controversy; 2) considering responses by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), which had funded this research, the World Health Organization, the U.S. National Science Advisory Board for Biosecurity (NSABB), scientific publishers, and members of the international research community; and 3) providing a forum wherein the concerns and interests of the broader community of stakeholders, including policy makers, biosafety and biosecurity experts, non-governmental organizations, international organizations, and the general public might be articulated.

Perspectives on Research with H5N1 Avian Influenza: Scientific Enquiry, Communication, Controversy summarizes the proceedings of the workshop.

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