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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C--Acronyms." Institute of Medicine. 2013. The Science and Applications of Microbial Genomics: Workshop Summary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18261.
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Appendix C


Acronyms

AEEC

attaching and effacing Escherichia coli

AFMIC

Armed Forces Medical Intelligence Center

ANSI

American National Standards Institute

ATCC

American Type Culture Collection

Bd

Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis

BFP

bundle-forming pili

BLAST

basic local alignment search tool

CDC

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

CLIA

clinical laboratory improvement amendment

COG

cluster of orthologous groups of proteins

DEC

diarrheagenic Escherichia coli

DHS

Department of Homeland Security

DNA

deoxyribonucleic acid

DOD

Department of Defense

DOJ

Department of Justice

DRISEE

duplicate read inferred sequencing error estimation

DTRA

Defense Threat Reduction Agency

EAEC

enteroaggregative Escherichia coli

EHEC

enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli

EID

emerging infectious disease

EIEC

enteroinvasive Escherichia coli

Suggested Citation:"Appendix C--Acronyms." Institute of Medicine. 2013. The Science and Applications of Microbial Genomics: Workshop Summary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18261.
×

EPEC

enteropathogenic Escherichia coli

ESS

Environmental Shotgun Sequencing

ETEC

enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli

FBI

Federal Bureau of Investigation

FDA

U.S. Food and Drug Administration

GEBA

Genomic Encyclopedia of Bacteria and Archaea

GBS

Group B streptococcus

HAART

highly active antiretroviral therapy

HAI

hospital-acquired infection

HGT

horizontal gene transfer

HHS

Department of Health and Human Services

HIV

human immunodeficiency virus

IOM

Institute of Medicine

ISO

International Organization for Standardization

KEGG

Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes

LEE

locus of enterocyte effacement

MIRU

mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit

MLST

multi-locus sequence typing

MRSA

methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

NGS

next-generation sequencing

ORF

open reading frame

OTU

operational taxonomic unit

PAUP

phylogenetic analysis using parsimony

PCoA

principal coordinates analysis

PCR

polymerase chain reaction

RNA

ribonucleic acid

rRNA

ribosomal RNA

SNP

single nucleotide polymorphisms

STEC

shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli

Suggested Citation:"Appendix C--Acronyms." Institute of Medicine. 2013. The Science and Applications of Microbial Genomics: Workshop Summary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18261.
×

TB

tuberculosis

TIGR

The Institute for Genomic Research

USAMRIID

U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases

USDA

U.S. Department of Agriculture

VNTR

variable number tandem repeat

Suggested Citation:"Appendix C--Acronyms." Institute of Medicine. 2013. The Science and Applications of Microbial Genomics: Workshop Summary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18261.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C--Acronyms." Institute of Medicine. 2013. The Science and Applications of Microbial Genomics: Workshop Summary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18261.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C--Acronyms." Institute of Medicine. 2013. The Science and Applications of Microbial Genomics: Workshop Summary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18261.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C--Acronyms." Institute of Medicine. 2013. The Science and Applications of Microbial Genomics: Workshop Summary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18261.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C--Acronyms." Institute of Medicine. 2013. The Science and Applications of Microbial Genomics: Workshop Summary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18261.
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The Science and Applications of Microbial Genomics: Workshop Summary Get This Book
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Over the past several decades, new scientific tools and approaches for detecting microbial species have dramatically enhanced our appreciation of the diversity and abundance of the microbiota and its dynamic interactions with the environments within which these microorganisms reside. The first bacterial genome was sequenced in 1995 and took more than 13 months of work to complete. Today, a microorganism's entire genome can be sequenced in a few days. Much as our view of the cosmos was forever altered in the 17th century with the invention of the telescope, these genomic technologies, and the observations derived from them, have fundamentally transformed our appreciation of the microbial world around us.

On June 12 and 13, 2012, the Institute of Medicine's (IOM's) Forum on Microbial Threats convened a public workshop in Washington, DC, to discuss the scientific tools and approaches being used for detecting and characterizing microbial species, and the roles of microbial genomics and metagenomics to better understand the culturable and unculturable microbial world around us. Through invited presentations and discussions, participants examined the use of microbial genomics to explore the diversity, evolution, and adaptation of microorganisms in a wide variety of environments; the molecular mechanisms of disease emergence and epidemiology; and the ways that genomic technologies are being applied to disease outbreak trace back and microbial surveillance. Points that were emphasized by many participants included the need to develop robust standardized sampling protocols, the importance of having the appropriate metadata, data analysis and data management challenges, and information sharing in real time. The Science and Applications of Microbial Genomics summarizes this workshop.

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