TABLE D.1 2010 Bureau of Labor Statistics Codes and Descriptions of 36 Occupations That Are Relevant to NGA
Code | Title | Description |
15-1111 | Computer and information research scientists | Conduct research into fundamental computer and information science as theorists, designers, or inventors. Develop solutions to problems in the field of computer hardware and software |
15-1121 | Computer systems analysts | Analyze science, engineering, business, and other data processing problems to implement and improve computer systems. Analyze user requirements, procedures, and problems to automate or improve existing systems and review computer system capabilities, workflow, and scheduling limitations. May analyze or recommend commercially available software |
15-1131 | Computer programmers | Create, modify, and test the code, forms, and script that allow computer applications to run. Work from specifications drawn up by software developers or other individuals. May assist software developers by analyzing user needs and designing software solutions. May develop and write computer programs to store, locate, and retrieve specific documents, data, and information |
15-1132 | Software developers, applications | Develop, create, and modify general computer applications software or specialized utility programs. Analyze user needs and develop software solutions. Design software or customize software for client use with the aim of optimizing operational efficiency. May analyze and design databases within an application area, working individually or coordinating database development as part of a team. May supervise computer programmers |
15-1799 | Computer occupations, all other | All computer specialists not listed separately (e.g., computer laboratory technician) |
15-2021 | Mathematicians | Conduct research in fundamental mathematics or in application of mathematical techniques to science, management, and other fields. Solve problems in various fields using mathematical methods |
15-2031 | Operations research analysts | Formulate and apply mathematical modeling and other optimizing methods to develop and interpret information that assists management with decision making, policy formulation, or other managerial functions. May collect and analyze data and develop decision support software, service, or products. May develop and supply optimal time, cost, or logistics networks for program evaluation, review, or implementation |
15-2041 | Statisticians | Develop or apply mathematical or statistical theory and methods to collect, organize, interpret, and summarize numerical data to provide usable information. May specialize in fields such as biostatistics, agricultural statistics, business statistics, or economic statistics. Includes mathematical and survey statisticians. Excludes survey researchers |
15-2091 | Mathematical technicians | Apply standardized mathematical formulas, principles, and methodology to technological problems in engineering and physical sciences in relation to specific industrial and research objectives, processes, equipment, and products |
15-2099 | Mathematical science occupations, all other | All mathematical scientists not listed separately (e.g., harmonic analyst) |
SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics Standard Occupational Classification, 2010 version, <http://bls.gov/oes/>.
TABLE D.2 Employment and Salary of NGA-Relevant Occupations
Occupation | Number of Jcbs (2010)a | Mean Annual Salary (2010) | ||||
All Sectorsb | Private Sector | Federal Government | All Sectors | Private Sector | Federal Government | |
15-1111 Computer and information research scientists | 24,900 | 18,180 | 6,080 | $103,150 | $104,110 | $102,070 |
15-1121 Computer systems analysts | 495,800 | 442,120 | 660 | $81,250 | $82,800 | $79,750 |
15-1131 Computer programmers | 333,620 | 308,360 | 60 | $74,900 | $75,840 | $88,790 |
15-1132 Software developers, applications | 499,280 | 476,080 | — | $90,410 | $91,290 | — |
15-1799 Computer occupations, all other | 183,110 | 97,910 | 68,600 | $79,790 | $75,050 | $90,480 |
15-2021 Mathematicians | 2,830 | 1,420 | 1,020 | $100,260 | $103,080 | $106,950 |
15-2031 Operations research analysts | 62,210 | 50,070 | 4,670 | $76,980 | $77,250 | $105,840 |
15-2041 Statisticians | 22,830 | 13,530 | 4,650 | $76,070 | $77,730 | $93,770 |
15-2091 Mathematical technicians | 960 | 440 | 70 | $49,170 | $60,240 | $34,030 |
15-2099 Mathematical science occupations, all other | 1,290 | 870 | 210 | $70,760 | $78,590 | $52,370 |
17-1021 Cartographers and photogrammetrists | 11,670 | 7,280 | 670 | $60,970 | $61,790 | $82,980 |
17-1022 Surveyors | 43,950 | 38,680 | 480 | $58,140 | $56,860 | $82,230 |
17-2011 Aerospace engineers | 78,450 | 68,720 | 9,220 | $99,000 | $97,680 | $110,780 |
17-2061 Computer hardware engineers | 66,960 | 62,100 | 4,430 | $101,600 | $101,790 | $102,200 |
17-2071 Electrical engineers | 148,770 | 140,260 | 4,260 | $87,770 | $88,040 | $89,410 |
17-2199 Engineers, all other | 139,610 | 105,620 | 25,490 | $91,770 | $88,800 | $108,690 |
17-3031 Surveying and mapping technicians | 53,870 | 42,620 | 1,340 | $40,370 | $39,210 | $47,350 |
19-2011 Astronomers | 1,840 | 950 | 440 | $93,340 | $86,520 | $132,010 |
19-2012 Physicists | 16,860 | 11,680 | 3,210 | $112,020 | $117,050 | $113,470 |
19-2021 Atmospheric and space scientists | 8,640 | 4,210 | 3,010 | $88,010 | $83,250 | $95,760 |
19-2041 Environmental scientists and specialists, including health | 81,690 | 39,960 | 5,850 | $67,810 | $70,950 | $95,680 |
19-2042 Geoscientists, except hydrologists and geographers | 30,830 | 23,870 | 2,460 | $93,380 | $97,890 | $95,580 |
19-2043 Hydrologists | 6,910 | 3,390 | 2,000 | $79,280 | $82,070 | $82,900 |
19-2099 Physical scientists, all other | 24,690 | 11,650 | 8,460 | $95,780 | $100,030 | $104,620 |
19-3041 Sociologists | 3,710 | 2,400 | — | $80,130 | $84,350 | — |
19-3051 Urban and regional planners | 38,830 | 8,880 | 750 | $66,020 | $73,110 | $88,740 |
19-3091 Anthropologists and archeologists | 5,100 | 3,060 | 1,360 | $58,040 | $53,130 | $71,940 |
19-3092 Geographers | 1,300 | 340 | 770 | $72,890 | $72,200 | $76,770 |
19-3093 Historians | 3,320 | 1,140 | 760 | $57,840 | $58,080 | $88,130 |
19-3094 Political scientists | 4,470 | 1,360 | 2,610 | $107,930 | $109,990 | $115,890 |
19-3099 Social scientists and related workers, all other | 28,420 | 8,160 | 15,260 | $77,890 | $78,240 | $83,170 |
19-4093 Forest and conservation technicians | 32,290 | 1,060 | 25,070 | $36,860 | $37,420 | $36,680 |
19-4099 Life, physical, and social science technicians, all other | 55,360 | 32,840 | 7,660 | $45,980 | $46,430 | $51,890 |
25-4021 Librarians | 148,240 | 30,020 | 1,720 | $56,360 | $55,040 | $80,500 |
27-1014 Multi-media artists and animators | 26,560 | 25,760 | — | $63,440 | $63,750 | — |
43-9111 Statistical assistants | 15,490 | 7,280 | 2,190 | $37,090 | $41,850 | $34,340 |
Total | 2,704,660 | 2,092,270 | 215,490 |
a Estimates include workers who are paid a wage or salary. They do not include the self-employed, owners and partners in unincorporated firms, household workers, or unpaid family workers.
b Sectors include federal government, state government, local government, and private companies.
SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, occupational employment statistics from May 2010, <www.bls.gov/oes/>.
TABLE D.3 Percent of U.S. Citizens Employed in NGA-Relevant Occupations in 2010 That Are Serving or Have Served in the Military
Occupation Tide | Percent Serving or Served in Military |
Computer and information research scientists | 9.7 |
Computer systems analysts | 10.6 |
Computer programmers | 10.2 |
Software developers, applications and systems software | 9.7 |
Computer occupations, all other | 15.6 |
Operations research analysts | 18.3 |
Miscellaneous mathematical science occupations, including mathematicians and statisticians | 6.1 |
Surveyors, cartographers, and photogrammetrists | 11.1 |
Aerospace engineers | 15.1 |
Computer hardware engineers | 9.8 |
Electrical and electronics engineers | 15.6 |
Surveying and mapping technicians | 16.2 |
Astronomers and physicists | 11.3 |
Atmospheric and space scientists | 39.5 |
Environmental scientists and geoscientists | 9.4 |
Physical scientists, all other | 5.4 |
Miscellaneous social scientists, including survey researchers and sociologists | 15.7 |
Miscellaneous life, physical, and social science technicians, including social science research assistants | 8.0 |
Librarians | 2.3 |
Artists and related workers | 6.0 |
Statistical assistants | 7.3 |
SOURCE: Data from the U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, 2010 Public Use Microdata Sample. Includes those employed as of the survey reference period. Occupation titles are based on the 2010 Census occupational classification system (and are consistent with the 2010 Standard Occupation Code system).
TABLE D.4 Annual Average Unemployment Rates for Wage and Salary Workers in NGA-Relevant Occupations
Unemployment Rateb | |||||
Occupation Titlea | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 |
Computer scientists and systems analysts | 2.5 | 2.1 | 2.2 | 6.0 | 5.9 |
Computer programmers | 2.4 | 2.2 | 3.5 | 4.8 | 5.8 |
Computer software engineers | 2.1 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 4.2 | 4.5 |
Mathematicians | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
Operations research analysts | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2.8 | 1.9 |
Statisticians | 1.8 | NA | 2.6 | 3.1 | 0.8 |
Surveyors, cartographers, and photogrammetrists | 1.6 | 4.3 | 3.2 | 7.4 | 2.2 |
Aerospace engineers | 1.3 | 0.6 | 1.3 | 1.6 | 4.7 |
Computer hardware engineers | 1.2 | 2.6 | 1.5 | 5.4 | 4.3 |
Electrical and electronics engineers | 1.7 | 0.9 | 2.3 | 6.6 | 5.5 |
Surveying and mapping technicians | 6.9 | 3.5 | 6.9 | 11.2 | 15.0 |
Astronomers and physicists | 2.3 | 5.1 | 5.0 | NA | 3.1 |
Atmospheric and space scientists | 17.0 | 1.0 | NA | NA | NA |
Environmental scientists and geoscientists | 1.3 | 2.8 | 1.3 | 4.7 | 2.3 |
Physical scientists, all other | 0.9 | 1.0 | 1.9 | 2.7 | 2.7 |
Sociologists | NA | 0.7 | NA | NA | 6.7 |
Urban and regional planners | 2.8 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 5.0 | 1.2 |
Miscellaneous social scientists and related workers | 5.8 | 6.9 | 4.3 | 6.0 | 5.1 |
Other life, physical, and social science technicians | 2.0 | 1.2 | 1.4 | 7.4 | 6.5 |
Librarians | 1.6 | 1.0 | 3.4 | 4.1 | 2.5 |
Artists and related workers | 5.4 | 5.8 | 8.1 | 7.8 | 13.8 |
Statistical assistants | 2.3 | 2.9 | 2.6 | 10.7 | 6.8 |
Management, professional, and related occupationsc | 2.1 | 2.1 | 2.7 | 4.7 | 4.8 |
NOTE: NA = not available
aOccupation titles are based on the 2002 Census occupational classification system (and are consistent with the 2000 Standard Occupation Code system).
bThe unemployment rate is the percentage of the labor force that is unemployed. It is calculated by dividing the number of people who are unemployed (i.e., people without jobs who are looking for work) by the number of people in the labor force (i.e., employed people plus unemployed people). To estimate unemployment rates by occupation, those employed are classified according to their current occupation, and those who are unemployed are classified according to the occupation of their last job held. See <http://www.bls.gov/cps/cps_htgm.pdf> for more detail on how the government calculates the unemployment rate.
cIncluded as a benchmark.
SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey, <www.bls.gov/cps/home.htm>.
TABLE D.5 Percent of Workforce That Are U.S. Citizens for NGA-Relevant Occupations
Percent U.S. Citizens | ||||||||||
Occupation | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | |||||
Computer scientists and systems analysts | 89.6 | 90.0 | 89.3 | 89.9 | 89.9 | |||||
Computer programmers | 89.1 | 88.6 | 89.4 | 89.3 | 89.3 | |||||
Computer software engineers | 77.9 | 76.8 | 79.2 | 79.0 | 79.5 | |||||
Miscellaneous mathematical science occupations, including mathematicians and statisticians | 85.8 | 86.2 | 85.7 | 87.1 | 87.6 | |||||
Operations research analysts | 95.2 | 95.6 | 95.9 | 95.9 | 95.0 | |||||
Surveyors, cartographers, and photogrammetrists | 97.6 | 97.7 | 97.2 | 98.0 | 96.0 | |||||
Aerospace engineers | 94.6 | 94.8 | 96.5 | 96.3 | 96.9 | |||||
Computer hardware engineers | 78.4 | 87.0 | 86.5 | 85.4 | 88.4 | |||||
Electrical and electronics engineers | 88.9 | 90.3 | 90.5 | 90.6 | 90.6 | |||||
Surveying and mapping technicians | 98.3 | 97.2 | 98.3 | 97.7 | 97.1 | |||||
Astronomers and physicists | 91.3 | 85.2 | 84.1 | 83.4 | 85.9 | |||||
Atmospheric and space scientists | 90.6 | 99.1 | 98.9 | 95.7 | 95.0 | |||||
Environmental scientists and geoscientists | 95.4 | 95.5 | 94.8 | 95.6 | 95.1 | |||||
Physical scientists, all other | 78.4 | 77.0 | 78.5 | 76.2 | 76.3 | |||||
Urban and regional planners | 96.6 | 98.6 | 95.0 | 97.0 | 96.5 | |||||
Miscellaneous social scientists, including sociologists | 92.9 | 93.5 | 93.8 | 96.3 | 95.8 | |||||
Miscellaneous life, physical, and social science technicians | 93.0 | 92.4 | 92.5 | 92.5 | 93.4 | |||||
Librarians | 97.7 | 97.7 | 98.1 | 97.1 | 97.7 | |||||
Artists and related workers | 92.9 | 94.0 | 93.3 | 93.2 | 93.2 | |||||
Statistical assistants | 97.1 | 97.5 | 97.2 | 96.2 | 97.0 | |||||
SOURCE: Data from the U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, Public Use Microdata Samples (2005-2009). Includes those employed as of the survey reference period. Occupation titles are based on the 2002 Census occupational classification system (and are consistent with the 2000 Standard Occupation Code system).