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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C.1: Department of State." National Research Council. 2013. The Unique U.S.-Russian Relationship in Biological Science and Biotechnology: Recent Experience and Future Directions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18277.
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Appendix C.1

Department of State

Overarching Goal in Russia and Elsewhere: Work with governments and other stakeholders to build sustainable capacity for biosecurity, biosafety, disease surveillance, and cooperative scientific research.

1.   Recent History of Department’s Interests in Biosecurity Activities in Russia

    • Support of Nunn-Lugar Initiative: 1991

    • Biological Arms Control Activities: 1992 (continuation of earlier activities)

    • Policy/Program Direction of International Science and Technology Center (ISTC): 1994

    • Biotechnology Engagement Program: 1999

    • BioIndustry Initiative: 2002

    • Bioengagement Program: 2006 to present

2.   Results of Emergency Appropriation of $30 million for BioIndustry Initiative Focused on Collaboration with Russia

    • Conversion of Sibbiopharm facility in Berdsk to commercial production of animal feed premixes, biopesticides, and enzymes for alcohol production.

    • Provision of U.S. government collateral guarantees for repayment of Russian bank loans to small Russian biotech enterprises.

    • Expanded U.S. interactions with components of the Biopreparat complex through the new organization TEMPO.

    • Support for commercialization-oriented activities at a number of Russian research institutes, including the upgrading to GLP and GMP standards.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix C.1: Department of State." National Research Council. 2013. The Unique U.S.-Russian Relationship in Biological Science and Biotechnology: Recent Experience and Future Directions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18277.
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    • Support for influenza surveillance in Siberia.

3.   Current Russia-related Activities of Special Interest

    • Implications of planned withdrawal of Russia from ISTC: 2015

    • Transfer of Russian components of ongoing bioengagement programs to Russian ownership, including responsibility for funding.

    • Facilitation of connections of Russian scientists with international community.

    • Encouragement of Russian support for broad international adoption of international biosecurity standards and guidelines.

    • Development of long-term bioengagement strategy.

4.   Lessons Learned from Bioengagement Activities with Russia and Other Countries

    • Developing deep and broad relationships is critical.

    • Partner government endorsement of engagement activities is essential.

    • Communication strategies should focus on importance of public health capacity-building.

    • Some states may be skeptical of U.S. objectives in promoting engagement activities.

5.   Future for U.S.-Russia Partnership

    • Identify new mechanisms for partnerships following Russia’s withdrawal from the ISTC.

    • Continue to jointly develop biological safety standards and programs in countries and regions of mutual interest.

    • Support U.S. partnerships with Russian institutes for carrying out on a highly selective basis collaborative research and development activities.

    • Collaborate to develop an open and transparent culture of responsibility among dual-use scientists.

    • Strengthen detection and control of infectious diseases through collaboration.

SOURCE: Information provided by Department of State, October 2011 and July 2012.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix C.1: Department of State." National Research Council. 2013. The Unique U.S.-Russian Relationship in Biological Science and Biotechnology: Recent Experience and Future Directions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18277.
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Page 141
Suggested Citation:"Appendix C.1: Department of State." National Research Council. 2013. The Unique U.S.-Russian Relationship in Biological Science and Biotechnology: Recent Experience and Future Directions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18277.
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In the fall of 2010, the U.S. National Academies (consisting of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine) and the Russian Academy of Sciences (in cooperation with the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences and the Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences) initiated a joint study of U.S.-Russian bilateral engagement in the biological sciences and biotechnology (hereinafter collectively referred to as bioengagement). The U.S. Department of State and the Russian Academy of Sciences provided support for the study. The academies established a joint committee of 12 leading scientists from the two countries to assess bioengagement activities since 1996 and to provide recommendations as to collaborative efforts in the near future. The Unique U.S.-Russian Relationship in Biological Science and Biotechnology: Recent Experience and Future Directions summarizes the principal conclusions and recommendations of the study.

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