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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2013. The Unique U.S.-Russian Relationship in Biological Science and Biotechnology: Recent Experience and Future Directions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18277.
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The Unique U.S.-Russian Relationship in
Biological Science and Biotechnology

RECENT EXPERIENCE AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS

Committee on U.S.-Russia Bioengagement
Development, Security, and Cooperation
Policy and Global Affairs

NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL
                                    OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

In cooperation with the Russian Academy of Sciences

THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS
Washington, D.C.
www.nap.edu

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2013. The Unique U.S.-Russian Relationship in Biological Science and Biotechnology: Recent Experience and Future Directions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18277.
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THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS      500 Fifth Street, NW      Washington, DC 20001

NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance.

This study was supported by Contract/Grant No. SLMAQM-10-GR-089 between the National Academy of Sciences and the U.S. Department of State. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the organizations or agencies that provided support for the project.

International Standard Book Number 13: 978-0-309-26980-3
International Standard Book Number 10: 0-309-26980-6

Additional copies of this report are available from the National Academies Press, 500 Fifth Street, NW, Keck 360, Washington, DC 20001; (800) 624-6242 or (202) 334-3313; Internet, http://www.nap.edu.

Copyright 2013 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.

Printed in the United States of America

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2013. The Unique U.S.-Russian Relationship in Biological Science and Biotechnology: Recent Experience and Future Directions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18277.
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THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

Advisers to the Nation on Science, Engineering, and Medicine

The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone is president of the National Academy of Sciences.

The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. Charles M. Vest is president of the National Academy of Engineering.

The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, upon its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Harvey V. Fineberg is president of the Institute of Medicine.

The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy’s purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone and Dr. Charles M. Vest are chair and vice chair, respectively, of the National Research Council.

www.national-academies.org

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2013. The Unique U.S.-Russian Relationship in Biological Science and Biotechnology: Recent Experience and Future Directions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18277.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2013. The Unique U.S.-Russian Relationship in Biological Science and Biotechnology: Recent Experience and Future Directions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18277.
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COMMITTEE ON U.S.-RUSSIA ASSESSMENT OF BIOENGAGEMENT: IMPACTS, LESSONS LEARNED, AND A PATH TOWARD FUTURE COLLABORATION

Peter H. Raven (Co-Chair), Missouri Botanical Garden

Valentin V. Vlassov (Co-Chair), Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences

Kavita M. Berger, American Association for the Advancement of Science

David R. Franz, Consultant

Tatiana A. Gremyakova, International Science and Technology Center

Oleg I. Kiselev, Institute of Influenza

James W. LeDuc, Director, Galveston National Laboratory

Sergey V. Netesov, Novosibirsk State University

Peter Palese, Mount Sinai School of Medicine

Richard L. Witter, U.S. Department of Agriculture (retired)

Russ Zajtchuk, Chicago Hospitals International

Sergey K. Zavriev, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Biorganic Chemistry

Staff

Glenn E. Schweitzer, National Research Council of the National Academies

Rita S. Guenther, National Research Council of the National Academies

Jacqueline Martin, National Research Council of the National Academies

Patrick Ayscue, Christine Mirzayan Science and Technology Policy Fellow v

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2013. The Unique U.S.-Russian Relationship in Biological Science and Biotechnology: Recent Experience and Future Directions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18277.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2013. The Unique U.S.-Russian Relationship in Biological Science and Biotechnology: Recent Experience and Future Directions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18277.
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Acknowledgments

Tens of thousands of scientists and other specialists from the United States and Russia have participated in bilateral bioengagement activities in recent years. Their contributions to science, security, public health, agricultural productivity, environmental protection, and other important areas that sustain life have been profound. The committee is grateful for the opportunity to prepare a report on their contributions to society. The committee is particularly appreciative of the insights provided specifically for this report by many officials, scientists, and program managers who participated in the activities or witnessed their implementation in the two countries.

This report has been reviewed in draft form by individuals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise, in accordance with procedures approved by the National Academies’ Report Review Committee. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the institution in making its published report as sound as possible and to ensure that the report meets institutional standards for objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the study charge. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the process.

We wish to thank the following individuals for their review of this report: Olga Borisova, U.S. Embassy, Moscow; Alexander Gabibov, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry; Chaitan Khosla, Stanford University; Andrey Kitashov, Lomonosov Moscow State University; Diana Pobedinskaya, Peoples Friendship University of Russia; Matthew Rojansky, Carnegie Endowment for

Page viii Cite
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2013. The Unique U.S.-Russian Relationship in Biological Science and Biotechnology: Recent Experience and Future Directions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18277.
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International Peace; and Amy Smithson, James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies.

Although the reviewers listed above have provided many constructive comments and suggestions, they were not asked to endorse the conclusions or recommendations, nor did they see the final draft of the report before its release. The review of this report was overseen by Edwin Przybylowicz, Eastman Kodak Company (retired). Appointed by the National Academies, he was responsible for making certain that an independent examination of this report was carried out in accordance with institutional procedures and that all review comments were carefully considered. Responsibility for the final content of this report rests entirely with the authoring committee and the institution.

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2013. The Unique U.S.-Russian Relationship in Biological Science and Biotechnology: Recent Experience and Future Directions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18277.
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Appendix A Available Resources

A.1       Biographical Sketches of Committee Members

A.2       Relevant Reports of National Academies, Books, and Other Publications

A.3       Organizations Consulted

Appendix B Examples of U.S.-Russian Agreements of Special Relevance for Bioengagement

Appendix C Activities in Bioengagement of Selected U.S. Government Departments and Agencies

C.1       Department of State

C.2       Defense Threat Reduction Agency

C.3       Department of Energy

C.4       Department of Health and Human Services

C.5       National Institutes of Health

C.6       Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

C.7       National Science Foundation

C.8       U.S. Agency for International Development

C.9       Environmental Protection Agency

C.10     Agricultural Research Service

C.11     Fish and Wildlife Service

Appendix D Interest of Selected Russian Research Institutions with Active Bioengagement Programs

D.1       State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology, Vector

D.2       All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology

D.3       Research Institute of Influenza,

D.4       Selected Institutes of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Appendix E Activities of Other Organizations

E.1       Bilateral Presidential Commission

E.2       International Science and Technology Center

E.3       Skolkovo Foundation and Innovation Center

E.4       Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology

E.5       Rusnano and Other Russian Investors

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2013. The Unique U.S.-Russian Relationship in Biological Science and Biotechnology: Recent Experience and Future Directions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18277.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2013. The Unique U.S.-Russian Relationship in Biological Science and Biotechnology: Recent Experience and Future Directions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18277.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2013. The Unique U.S.-Russian Relationship in Biological Science and Biotechnology: Recent Experience and Future Directions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18277.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2013. The Unique U.S.-Russian Relationship in Biological Science and Biotechnology: Recent Experience and Future Directions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18277.
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In the fall of 2010, the U.S. National Academies (consisting of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine) and the Russian Academy of Sciences (in cooperation with the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences and the Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences) initiated a joint study of U.S.-Russian bilateral engagement in the biological sciences and biotechnology (hereinafter collectively referred to as bioengagement). The U.S. Department of State and the Russian Academy of Sciences provided support for the study. The academies established a joint committee of 12 leading scientists from the two countries to assess bioengagement activities since 1996 and to provide recommendations as to collaborative efforts in the near future. The Unique U.S.-Russian Relationship in Biological Science and Biotechnology: Recent Experience and Future Directions summarizes the principal conclusions and recommendations of the study.

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