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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2013. Energy Reduction at U.S. Air Force Facilities Using Industrial Processes: A Workshop Summary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18281.
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Energy Reduction at U.S. Air Force
Facilities Using Industrial Processes

A Workshop Summary

Gregory Eyring, Rapporteur

Committee on Energy Reduction at U.S. Air Force Facilities Using Industrial Processes: A Workshop

Air Force Studies Board

Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences

NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL
OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS

Washington, D.C.

www.nap.edu

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2013. Energy Reduction at U.S. Air Force Facilities Using Industrial Processes: A Workshop Summary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18281.
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THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS   500 Fifth Street, NW   Washington, DC 20001

NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine.

This is a report of work supported by Grant FA9550-12-1-0413 between the U.S. Air Force and the National Academy of Sciences. Any opinions, findings, or conclusions expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the organizations or agencies that provided support for the project.

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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2013. Energy Reduction at U.S. Air Force Facilities Using Industrial Processes: A Workshop Summary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18281.
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THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

Advisers to the Nation on Science, Engineering, and Medicine

The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone is president of the National Academy of Sciences.

The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. Charles M. Vest is president of the National Academy of Engineering.

The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, upon its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Harvey V. Fineberg is president of the Institute of Medicine.

The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy’s purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone and Dr. Charles M. Vest are chair and vice chair, respectively, of the National Research Council.

www.national-academies.org

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2013. Energy Reduction at U.S. Air Force Facilities Using Industrial Processes: A Workshop Summary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18281.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2013. Energy Reduction at U.S. Air Force Facilities Using Industrial Processes: A Workshop Summary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18281.
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COMMITTEE ON ENERGY REDUCTION AT U.S. AIR FORCE FACILITIES USING INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES: A WORKSHOP

KENNETH E. EICKMANN, University of Texas at Austin

ROBERT E. HEBNER, JR., University of Texas at Austin

THOM J. HODGSON, North Carolina State University

GWEN P. HOLDMANN, Alaska Center for Energy and Power

CARROLL N. LeTELLIER, Independent Consultant

JAMES B. PORTER, JR., Independent Consultant

SCOTT E. SANDERS, Wyle Laboratories, Inc.

Staff

CARTER W. FORD, Program Officer

DIONNA ALI, Senior Program Assistant

MARGUERITE SCHNEIDER, Administrative Coordinator

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2013. Energy Reduction at U.S. Air Force Facilities Using Industrial Processes: A Workshop Summary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18281.
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AIR FORCE STUDIES BOARD

GREGORY S. MARTIN, GS Martin Consulting, Chair

BRIAN A. ARNOLD, Raytheon Company

CLAUDE M. BOLTON, Defense Acquisition University

STEVEN R.J. BRUECK, University of New Mexico

THOMAS J. BURNS, Science Applications International Corporation

FRANK CAPPUCCIO, Cappuccio and Associates, LLC

DONALD C. FRASER, Charles Stark Draper Laboratory (retired)

MICHAEL J. GIANELLI, The Boeing Company (retired)

DANIEL HASTINGS, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

PAUL G. KAMINSKI, Technovation, Inc.

ROBERT LATIFF, R. Latiff Associates

NANCY LEVESON, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

MARK LEWIS, IDA Science and Technology Policy Institute

LESTER L. LYLES, The Lyles Group

MATT L. MLEZIVA, Wildwood Strategic Concepts

C. KUMAR N. PATEL, Pranalytica, Inc.

GERALD F. PERRYMAN, JR., Independent Consultant

RICHARD V. REYNOLDS, The VanFleet Group, LLC

J. DANIEL STEWART, University of Tennessee

REBECCA A. WINSTON, Winston Strategic Management Consulting

Staff

TERRY J. JAGGERS, Director

JESSICA R. BROKENBURR, Financial Assistant

SARAH M. CAPOTE, Research Associate

GREGORY EYRING, Senior Program Officer

CARTER W. FORD, Program Officer

CHRIS JONES, Financial Manager

MARGUERITE E. SCHNEIDER, Administrative Coordinator

DANIEL E.J. TALMAGE, JR., Program Officer

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2013. Energy Reduction at U.S. Air Force Facilities Using Industrial Processes: A Workshop Summary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18281.
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Preface

The Air Force recognizes that energy is a strategic issue for the United States. To assist the Air Force in addressing this issue, the Air Force Studies Board (AFSB) of the National Research Council (NRC) drafted terms of reference (TOR) in April 2012 for a short workshop to bring together Department of Defense stakeholders and representatives of industry in order to highlight current approaches to industrial process energy with a goal of highlighting potential ways to reduce Air Force industrial process energy consumption.1 The Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Air Force for Energy, Kevin Geiss, approved the TOR in April 2012 and the NRC approved the TOR in July 2012. The NRC then established the Committee on Energy Reduction at U.S. Air Force Facilities Using Industrial Processes: A Workshop to conduct a workshop, and the 3-day workshop was held on November 5-7, 2012.

The committee appreciates the support of Dr. Kevin Geiss, Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Air Force for Energy, who articulated a clear set of objectives for the workshop, and that of his staff. In addition, the committee thanks the many expert speakers and guests who contributed immensely to this undertaking. Finally, the committee’s role was limited to planning the workshop. This workshop summary has been prepared by the workshop rapporteur as a factual summary of what occurred at the workshop.

Kenneth E. Eickmann, Chair                           

Committee on Energy Reduction at U.S. Air

Force Facilities Using Industrial              

Processes: A Workshop                             

______________________

1Since 2006 the AFSB has produced several reports related to Air Force energy consumption, including the following, published by the National Academies Press, Washington, D.C.: A Review of United States Air Force and Department of Defense Aerospace Propulsion Needs (2006); Improving the Efficiency of Engines for Large Nonfighter Aircraft (2007); and Examination of the U.S. Air Force’s Aircraft Sustainment Needs in the Future and Its Strategy to Meet Those Needs (2011). All are available at www.nap.edu.

Page viii Cite
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2013. Energy Reduction at U.S. Air Force Facilities Using Industrial Processes: A Workshop Summary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18281.
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Acknowledgment of Reviewers

This report has been reviewed in draft form by individuals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise, in accordance with procedures approved by the National Research Council’s Report Review Committee. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the institution in making its published report as sound as possible and to ensure that the report meets institutional standards for objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the study charge. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the deliberative process. We wish to thank the following individuals for their review of this report:

Daniel E. Hastings, Massachusetts Institute of Technology,

Gwen P. Holdmann, Alaska Center for Energy and Power,

Mark J. Lewis, IDA Science and Technology Policy Institute,

Lawrence T. Papay, PQR, LLC,

James B. Porter, Jr., Independent Consultant,

Maxine L. Savitz, Honeywell, Inc. (retired), and

Rebecca A. Winston, Winston Strategic Management Consulting.

Although the reviewers listed above have provided many constructive comments and suggestions, they were not asked to endorse the views presented at the workshop, nor did they see the final draft of the workshop summary before its release. The review of this workshop summary was overseen by Wesley L. Harris, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Appointed by the NRC, he was responsible for making certain that an independent examination of this workshop summary was carried out in accordance with institutional procedures and that all review comments were carefully considered. Responsibility for the final content of this summary rests entirely with the author and the institution.

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2013. Energy Reduction at U.S. Air Force Facilities Using Industrial Processes: A Workshop Summary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18281.
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Acronyms and Abbreviations

AFB Air Force Base
AFIT Air Force Institute of Technology
AFMC Air Force Materiel Command
AFRL Air Force Research Laboratory
AFSC Air Force Sustainment Center
ALC Air Logistics Complex
AMC Army Materiel Command
AMO Advanced Manufacturing Office
AMRS advanced meter-reading system
APTO Advanced Power Technology Office
   
Btu British thermal unit
   
CE civil engineering
CII Construction Industry Institute
   
DoD U.S. Department of Defense
DOE U.S. Department of Energy
   
EISA Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007
EO Executive Order
EPACT Energy Policy Act of 2005
ESPC Energy Savings Performance Contract
   
FEMP Federal Energy Management Program
FY fiscal year
   
GM General Motors
   
HVAC heating, ventilation, air conditioning
   
IPE industrial process energy
   
MAJCOM Major Command
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2013. Energy Reduction at U.S. Air Force Facilities Using Industrial Processes: A Workshop Summary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18281.
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MW megawatt
MWh megawatt-hour
   
NRC National Research Council
   
O&M operations and maintenance
   
POM Program Objective Memorandum
PV photovoltaic
   
R&D research and development
R&M restoration and maintenance
   
UESC Utility Energy Service Contract
USAF U.S. Air Force
   
WAGES water, air, gas, electricity, steam
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The Department of Defense (DoD) is the largest consumer of energy in the federal government. In turn, the U.S. Air Force is the largest consumer of energy in the DoD, with a total annual energy expenditure of around $10 billion. Approximately 84 percent of Air Force energy use involves liquid fuel consumed in aviation whereas approximately 12 percent is energy (primarily electricity) used in facilities on the ground. This workshop was concerned primarily with opportunities to reduce energy consumption within Air Force facilities that employ energy intensive industrial processes—for example, assembly/disassembly, painting, metal working, and operation of radar facilities—such as those that occur in the maintenance depots and testing facilities. Air Force efforts to reduce energy consumption are driven largely by external goals and mandates derived from Congressional legislation and executive orders. To date, these goals and mandates have targeted the energy used at the building or facility level rather than in specific industrial processes.

In response to a request from the Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Air Force for Energy and the Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Air Force for Science, Technology, and Engineering, the National Research Council, under the auspices of the Air Force Studies Board, formed the Committee on Energy Reduction at U.S. Air Force Facilities Using Industrial Processes: A Workshop. The terms of reference called for a committee to plan and convene one 3 day public workshop to discuss: (1) what are the current industrial processes that are least efficient and most cost ineffective? (2) what are best practices in comparable facilities for comparable processes to achieve energy efficiency? (3) what are the potential applications for the best practices to be found in comparable facilities for comparable processes to achieve energy efficiency? (4) what are constraints and considerations that might limit applicability to Air Force facilities and processes over the next ten year implementation time frame? (5) what are the costs and paybacks from implementation of the best practices? (6) what will be a proposed resulting scheme of priorities for study and implementation of the identified best practices? (7) what does a holistic representation of energy and water consumption look like within operations and maintenance?

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