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6687
6688 Appendix G: Glossary and Acronyms
6689 Ablator: the outermost layer of the target capsule which is rapidly heated and
6690 vaporized, compressing the rest of the target.
6691 Adiabat (plasma physics): determined, for instance, by the ratio of the plasma
6692 pressure to the Fermi pressure (the pressure of a degenerate electron gas), used as a
6693 measure of plasma entropy.
6694 Blanket: the section of the reactor chamber that serves as the heat transfer medium for
6695 the fusion reactor chamber. Some blanket concepts also incorporate materials for
6696 tritium breeding as well as cooling.
6697 Cryogenic: involving very low temperatures
6698 Diode-pumped lasers: lasers wherein laser diodes illuminate a solid gain medium
6699 (such as a crystal or glass).
6700 Direct drive: inertial confinement fusion (ICF) technique whereby the driver energy
6701 strikes the fuel capsule directly.
6702 Driver: The mechanism by which energy is delivered to the fuel capsule. Typical
6703 techniques use lasers, heavy-ion beams, and Z-pinches.
6704 Dry-wall: a design of a fusion reactor chamber’s first wall that employs no liquid or
6705 gaseous protection.
6706 Fast ignition: ICF technique whereby the driver gradually compresses the fuel
6707 capsule, at which point a high-intensity, ultrashort-pulse laser strikes the fuel to
6708 trigger ignition.
6709 First wall: the first surface of the fusion reactor chamber that radiation and/or debris
6710 emitted from the target implosion will encounter. These walls may vary in
6711 composition and execution such as dry, wetted, or liquid jet.
6712 Gain: ratio of the fusion energy released by the target to the driver energy applied to
6713 the target in a single explosion.
6714 Heavy-ion fusion: ICF technique whereby ions of heavy elements are accelerated and
6715 directed onto a target.
6716 High average power: maintaining a high, repeatable driver power that is suitable for
6717 an inertial confinement fusion-based power plant.
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6718 High-energy-density science: the study of the creation, behavior, and interaction of
6719 matter with extremely high energy densities.
6720 High repetition rate: maintaining a high rate for engaging the driver or igniting the
6721 target, suitable for an inertial confinement fusion-based power plant (e.g., 10 Hz).
6722 Hohlraum: a hollow container in which an inertial confinement fusion target may be
6723 placed, whose walls are used to re-radiate incident energy to drive the capsule’s
6724 implosion.
6725 Hydrodynamic Instability: concept in which fluids of differing physical qualities
6726 interact and perturbations such as turbulence occur. Examples include Rayleigh-
6727 Taylor and Richtmyer-Meshkov instabilities.
6728 Ignition (broad definition): the condition in a plasma when self-heating from nuclear
6729 fusion reactions is at a sufficient rate to maintain the plasma, its temperature and
6730 fusion reactions, without the need to apply any external energy to the plasma.
6731 Ignition (IFE): a state when fusion gain exceeds unity, i.e., when the fusion energy
6732 released in a single explosion exceeds the energy applied to the target.
6733 Indirect drive: inertial confinement fusion technique whereby the driver energy
6734 strikes the fuel capsule indirectly, e.g., by the x-rays produced by heating a high-Z
6735 enclosure (hohlraum) that surrounds the fuel capsule.
6736 Inertial confinement fusion (ICF): concept in which a driver delivers energy to the
6737 outer surface of a pellet of fuel (typically containing a mixture of deuterium and
6738 tritium), heating and compressing it. The heating and compression then initiate a
6739 fusion chain reaction.
6740 Inertial fusion energy: concept whereby ICF is used to predictably and continuously
6741 initiate fusion chain reactions that yield more energy than that incident on the fuel
6742 from the driver for the ultimate purpose of producing electrical power.
6743 KD*P: Potassium dideuterium phosphate, a widely-used material in frequency
6744 conversion optics.
6745 Krypton fluoride (KrF) laser: a gas laser that operates in the ultraviolet at 248nm.
6746 Laser-Plasma Instability: the secondary processes such as symmetry disturbances,
6747 fuel pre-heat, and diversion of laser energy that occur when intense lasers interact
6748 with plasmas.
6749 Liquid wall: a design of a fusion reactor chamber’s first wall that features thick jets of
6750 liquid coolant that may also shield the solid chamber walls from neutron damage.
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6751 Magnetized target fusion: ICF technique whereby a magnetic field is created
6752 surrounding the target, and the magnetic field is then imploded around the target,
6753 initiating fusion reactions.
6754 Mix (plasma physics): the occurrence of colder target material being incorporated
6755 into the hot reaction region of the target, usually as a result of hydrodynamic
6756 instabilities.
6757 Pulse compression: a technique whereby the incident pulse is compressed to deliver
6758 the energy in a shorter time.
6759 Pulsed-power fusion: ICF technique whereby a large electrical current is used to
6760 magnetically implode a target.
6761 Reactor chamber: The apparatus in which the fusion reactions would take place in an
6762 inertial fusion energy power plant, and which would contain and capture the resulting
6763 energy released from repeated ignition.
6764 Sabot: a protective device used when injecting an inertial fusion energy target into the
6765 chamber at high speed.
6766 Shock ignition: ICF technique that uses hydrodynamic shocks to ignite the
6767 compressed hot spot.
6768 Target: the fuel capsule, together with a holhraum or other energy-focusing device (if
6769 one is used), that is struck by the driver’s incident energy in order to initiate fusion
6770 reactions.
6771 Wall-plug efficiency: the energy conversion efficiency defined as a ratio of the total
6772 driver output power to the input electrical power.
6773 Wetted-wall: a fusion reactor chamber’s first wall which features a renewable, thin
6774 layer of liquid.
6775
6776
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6777
6778 Acronyms and Abbreviations Used In This Report
6779 APG advanced phosphate glass
6780 AWE Atomic Weapons Establishment
6781 BOP balance of plant
6782 CEA Commisariat a l'Energie Atomique
6783 CELIA Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications
6784 COE cost of electricity
6785 CPA chirped-pulse amplification
6786 CPP continuous phase plate
6787 CVD chemical vapor deposition
6788 D deuterium
6789 DD (drive context) direct drive
6790 DEMO demonstration plant
6791 DOE Department of Energy
6792 DPSSL diode-pumped solid state laser
6793 DT deuterium-tritium
6794 ELI Extreme Light Infrastructure
6795 ETF engineering test facility
6796 FAIR Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research
6797 FESAC Fusion Energy Sciences Advisory Committee
6798 FLiBe fluorine-lithium-beryllium
6799 FTF Fusion Test Facility
6800 GA giga ampere
6801 GDP glow discharge polymer
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6802 GJ gigajoule
6803 GW gigawatt
6804 HAPL High Average Power Laser
6805 HCX High-Current Experiment
6806 HIF heavy-ion fusion
6807 HIFTF Heavy-Ion Fusion Test Facility
6808 HIF-VL Heavy Ion Fusion Virtual Laboratory
6809 HI-IFE Heavy-Ion Inertial Fusion Energy
6810 HiPER High Power laser Energy Research
6811 HLW high-level waste
6812 ICF inertial confinement fusion
6813 ID indirect drive
6814 IFE inertial fusion energy
6815 i-LIFT Laboratory Inertial Fusion Test
6816 IRE integrated research experiment
6817 ISI incoherent spatial imaging
6818 ITER International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor
6819 KDP potassium dihydrogen phosphate
6820 KrF krypton fluoride
6821 kWh kilowatt hour
6822 LANL Los Alamos National Laboratory
6823 LBNL Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
6824 LDRD laboratory-directed research and development
6825 LIFE Laser Inertial Fusion Energy
6826 LIL Ligne d'Integration Laser
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6827 LLE Laboratory for Laser Energetics
6828 LLNL Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
6829 LLW low-level waste
6830 LMJ Laser Mégajoule
6831 LPI laser plasma interaction
6832 LTD linear transformer driver
6833 LULI Laboratoire pour l'Utilisation des Lasers Intenses
6834 LWR light water reactor
6835 MA mega ampere
6836 MagLIF magnetized liner inertial fusion
6837 MeV mega electron volt
6838 MFE magnetic fusion energy
6839 MG mega gauss
6840 MJ megajoule
6841 MTF Magnetized Target Fusion
6842 NCDX-II neutralized drift compression experiment II
6843 NGNP Next Generation Nuclear Plant
6844 NIC National Ignition Campaign
6845 NIF National Ignition Facility
6846 NNSA National Nuclear Security Administration
6847 NRL Naval Research Laboratory
6848 OFES Office of Fusion Energy Sciences
6849 PALS Prague Asterisk Laser System
6850 PAMS poly-alpha-methyl-styrene
6851 PDD polar direct drive
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6852 PETAL PETawatt Aquitaine Laser
6853 PP pulsed power
6854 PPPL Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory
6855 RF radio frequency
6856 RTL recyclable transmission line
6857 SAC science advisory committee
6858 SAL specific activity limit
6859 SBS stimulated Brillouin scattering
6860 S-FAP strontium fluoroapatite
6861 SNL Sandia National Laboratory
6862 SRS stimulated Raman scattering
6863 SSD smoothing by spectral dispersion
6864 T tritium
6865 TA technology application
6866 TBM Test Blanket Module
6867 TPD two-plasmon decay
6868 TRL technology readiness level
6869 TWAC TeraWatt ACcelerator
6870 UV ultraviolet
6871 VLT Virtual Laboratory for Technology
6872 YAG yttrium-aluminum-garnet
6873
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