National Academies Press: OpenBook

Implementing Guidelines on Weight Gain and Pregnancy (2013)

Chapter: Implementing Guidelines on Weight Gain & Pregnancy

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Suggested Citation:"Implementing Guidelines on Weight Gain & Pregnancy." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 2013. Implementing Guidelines on Weight Gain and Pregnancy. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18292.
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Suggested Citation:"Implementing Guidelines on Weight Gain & Pregnancy." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 2013. Implementing Guidelines on Weight Gain and Pregnancy. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18292.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Implementing Guidelines on Weight Gain & Pregnancy." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 2013. Implementing Guidelines on Weight Gain and Pregnancy. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18292.
×
Page 3
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Suggested Citation:"Implementing Guidelines on Weight Gain & Pregnancy." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 2013. Implementing Guidelines on Weight Gain and Pregnancy. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18292.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Implementing Guidelines on Weight Gain & Pregnancy." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 2013. Implementing Guidelines on Weight Gain and Pregnancy. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18292.
×
Page 5
Page 6
Suggested Citation:"Implementing Guidelines on Weight Gain & Pregnancy." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 2013. Implementing Guidelines on Weight Gain and Pregnancy. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18292.
×
Page 6
Page 7
Suggested Citation:"Implementing Guidelines on Weight Gain & Pregnancy." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 2013. Implementing Guidelines on Weight Gain and Pregnancy. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18292.
×
Page 7
Page 8
Suggested Citation:"Implementing Guidelines on Weight Gain & Pregnancy." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 2013. Implementing Guidelines on Weight Gain and Pregnancy. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18292.
×
Page 8
Page 9
Suggested Citation:"Implementing Guidelines on Weight Gain & Pregnancy." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 2013. Implementing Guidelines on Weight Gain and Pregnancy. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18292.
×
Page 9
Page 10
Suggested Citation:"Implementing Guidelines on Weight Gain & Pregnancy." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 2013. Implementing Guidelines on Weight Gain and Pregnancy. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18292.
×
Page 10
Page 11
Suggested Citation:"Implementing Guidelines on Weight Gain & Pregnancy." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 2013. Implementing Guidelines on Weight Gain and Pregnancy. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18292.
×
Page 11
Page 12
Suggested Citation:"Implementing Guidelines on Weight Gain & Pregnancy." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 2013. Implementing Guidelines on Weight Gain and Pregnancy. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18292.
×
Page 12
Page 13
Suggested Citation:"Implementing Guidelines on Weight Gain & Pregnancy." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 2013. Implementing Guidelines on Weight Gain and Pregnancy. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18292.
×
Page 13
Page 14
Suggested Citation:"Implementing Guidelines on Weight Gain & Pregnancy." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 2013. Implementing Guidelines on Weight Gain and Pregnancy. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18292.
×
Page 14
Page 15
Suggested Citation:"Implementing Guidelines on Weight Gain & Pregnancy." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 2013. Implementing Guidelines on Weight Gain and Pregnancy. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18292.
×
Page 15
Page 16
Suggested Citation:"Implementing Guidelines on Weight Gain & Pregnancy." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 2013. Implementing Guidelines on Weight Gain and Pregnancy. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18292.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Implementing Guidelines on Weight Gain & Pregnancy." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 2013. Implementing Guidelines on Weight Gain and Pregnancy. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18292.
×
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Implementing Guidelines on Weight Gain & Pregnancy

See the full report at iom.edu/healthypregnancy

Being healthy is a topic that is on more and more people’s minds these days. For women who are pregnant or may become pregnant, it’s especially important. In 2009, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) and the National Research Council (NRC) published new guidelines on weight gain and pregnancy. Health care providers can do a lot to help women learn about and follow the guidelines. Here are key points from the guidelines.

The time before pregnancy and after delivery is just as important as the pregnancy itself.

The IOM/NRC recommendations were based on evidence that a woman’s health and weight before pregnancy and after delivery are just as important as her health and weight during pregnancy because each affects the others. But keep in mind that no matter what a woman’s weight is before becoming pregnant, how much weight she gains during pregnancy is important. A long-term view of the reproductive cycle is critical to a healthy pregnancy as well as to a woman’s long-term health. One in five American women is obese at the start of pregnancy.

Beginning pregnancy at a healthy weight is the key.

Clear evidence indicates that a woman’s prepregnancy weight is an independent predictor of many adverse outcomes of pregnancy for the woman and her baby. A woman’s body mass index (BMI) at the start of pregnancy also is important for how much weight she should and will gain during pregnancy. Women who are overweight or obese when they become pregnant have a higher risk of having a C-section. They also tend to retain too much weight after delivery. Mothers who are overweight or obese when they conceive are also more likely to have children who become overweight or obese. Women who are underweight when they become pregnant have a higher risk of having a preterm or low-birth- weight baby. The best way to begin a pregnancy is with a BMI in the normal-weight category. Health care providers should counsel women about choices for healthy diet and physical activity so that women can be at an optimal weight when they enter pregnancy. Less than one in three women gains within the IOM guidelines, regardless of prepregnancy weight.

+ Some weight gain during pregnancy—but not too much—is important.

Some weight gain is necessary for a healthy pregnancy, but more than half of pregnant women gain either too much or too little weight. The recommended weight gain during pregnancy depends on a woman’s weight and BMI before she conceives. The IOM/NRC recommendations are expressed in ranges rather than as a single number because positive outcomes can occur within a range of weight gains. Moreover, a single number cannot accommodate the many factors, such as age, race/ ethnicity, or other factors, that affect pregnancy outcomes. The chart on the next page shows the recommended weight gain for each weight category. 40 15 LBS LBS About one in five women gains Just one in ten gains more than 40 pounds during less than 15 pounds, a pregnancy—more than any reasonable goal for many woman should gain. obese women.

WEIGHT GAIN BY TRIMESTER Prepregnancy TOTAL FIRST TRIMESTER SECOND AND THIRD BMI WEIGHT GAIN TRIMESTER WEIGHT GAIN PER WEEK Underweight <18.5 kg/m2 2.2-6.6 LBS 1-3 KGS 1.0-1.3 LBS 0.44-0.58 KGS Normal (healthy) weight 2.2-6.6 LBS 1-3 KGS 0.8-1.1 LBS 0.35-0.5 KGS 18.5 to 24.9 kg/m2 Overweight 25-29.9 kg/m2 2.2-6.6 LBS 1-3 KGS 0.5-0.7 LBS 0.23-0.33 KGS Obese >30 kg/m2 0.5-4.4 LBS .2-2 KGS 0.4-0.6 LBS 0.17-0.27 KGS About 50 percent of overweight women gain more than 30 during pregnancy. LBS

TOTAL PREGNANCY WEIGHT GAIN Prepregnancy BMI LBS KGS 28- 12.5- Underweight 40 18 <18.5 kg/m2 LBS KGS Normal (healthy) 25- 11.5- weight 35 16 18.5 to 24.9 kg/m2 LBS KGS Overweight 15- 7.0- 25-29.9 kg/m2 25 11.5 LBS KGS Obese 11- 5-9 >30 kg/m2 20 NOTE: To calculate BMI, visit http://www.nhlbisupport.com/bmi

Returning to a healthy weight after delivery sets the stage for a healthy future pregnancy.

Starting out at a healthy weight and gaining within the recommended range make it easier for women to return to a healthy weight after delivery. Returning to a healthy weight after delivery is good for a woman’s overall health and it puts her on the right track for a healthy pregnancy in the future. 6 months after giving birth 25 percent retain more than About 20 pounds 50 percent of women retain more than 10 pounds

? As a health care provider, what can you do to help your patients achieve a healthy pregnancy?

Work with your patients before they become pregnant so that they enter pregnancy at a healthy weight. Annual well-woman visits are an ideal time to have a discussion about healthy weight. Working in partnership with your patients is the best way to help women conceive at a healthy weight, gain appropriately during pregnancy, and return to a healthy weight after delivery by • recording prepregnancy BMI; • charting weight gain throughout pregnancy; • sharing the results so that women know how they are doing with their weight gain goals; • counseling women about healthy choices for diet and physical activity so that they can achieve their goals for weight gain during pregnancy and weight loss afterward; and • referring women to a dietitian or physical activity specialist, if needed, for extra assistance. Although a majority of health care providers report counseling women about appropriate weight gain ? ? during pregnancy, more than half of women say they received no advice from their practitioner.

Notes

Notes

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Being healthy is a topic that is on everyone's mind these days. If you are pregnant or may become pregnant in the future, it's really important. In 2009, the Institute of Medicine and the National Research Council published updated guidelines on weight gain during pregnancy that enhances your ability to have a healthy pregnancy and baby. This book provides vital information for expectant mothers or those trying to conceive. Health care providers can do a lot to help women learn about the follow the guidelines. This book features the key points from the guidelines.

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