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Colorado River Ecology
and
Dam Management
Proceedings of a Symposium
May 24-25, ~ 990
Santa Fe, New Mexico
Committee to Review the Glen Canyon
Environmental Studies
Water Science and Technology Board
Commission on Geosciences, Environment
and Resources
NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS
Washington, D.C. 1991
OCR for page R2
NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board
of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National
Aeademy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine.
The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special compe-
tencies and with regard for appropriate balance.
This report has been reviewed by a group other than the authors according to procedures
approved by a Report Review Committee consisting of members of the National Academy of
Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine.
The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of dis-
tinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance
of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the
charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to
advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Frank Press is president
of the National Academy of Sciences.
The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the
National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is
autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National
Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National
Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs anned at meeting national needs,
encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers.
Dr. Robert M. White is president of the National Aeademy of Engineering.
The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Aeademy of Sciences to
secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy
matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given
to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the
federal government and, upon its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research,
and education. Dr. Samuel O. Thier is president of the Institute of Medicine.
The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916
to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Aeademy's purposes of
furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with
general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating
agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in
providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communi-
ties. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr.
Frank Press and Dr. Robert M. White are chairman and vice chairman, respectively, of the
National Research Council.
Support for the project was provided by the United States Department of the Interior, Bureau
of Reclamation under Cooperative Agreement Number 6-FC-40-04240.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD BOOK NUMBER 0-309-04535-5
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOG CARD NUMBER 91-61623
Available from
National Academy Press
2101 Constitution Avenue, NW
Washington, DC 20418
S372
Printed in the United States of America
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On the walls, and back many miles
into the country, numbers of monument~shaped
buttes are observed. So we have a curious ensemble
of wonderful features~arved walls, royal
arches, glens, alcove gulches, mounds, and
monuments. From which of these features
shall we select a name?
We decided to call it "Glen Canyon"
.
From John Wesley Powell's 1869 Expedition
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OMMITTEE
ARZOLF, Chairman, Murray State University, Murray, Kentucky
{, Consultant, San Francisco, California
{AF, Arizona State University, Tempe
ANEMANN, University of California, Berkeley
GHES, Utah State University, Logan
EWIS, JR., University of Colorado, Boulder
HICK, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago-Kent College of Law
,TTEN, Arizona State University, Tempe
COORDINATORS
), Senior Program Officer
G. Symposium Public Relations Officer
:NS, Program Assistant (through 8/90)
,, Production Assistant
ON ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES PROGRAM
R1
1
FINER, U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, Flagstaff, Arizona
LUTHORS
NDREWS, U.S. Geological Survey, Lakewood, Colorado
EN, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff
)LE, Arizona State University, Tempe
IDY, Consulting Hydrologist, San Francisco, California
IANEMANN,* University of California, Berkeley
JGHES, Utah State University, Logar~
M, Udall Center for Studies in Public Policy, Tucson, Arizona
ON, University of Arizona, Tucson
'OLD, University of California, Berkeley
IARZOLF, Murray State University, Murray, Kentucky
IINCKLEY, Arizona State University, Tempe
, Udall Center for Studies in Public Policy, Tucson, Arizona
iTTEN, Arizona State University, Tempe
FORD, University of Montana, Polson
LICK, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago-Kent College of
ED, Colorado State University, Fort Collins
FINER, U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, Salt Lake City, Utah
Hanemann gave a presentation discussing the economics of hydropower
not deliver a written paper for this proceedings.
TV
STEERING C
G. RICHARD M
DAVID DAWD'
WILLIAM L. G]
W. MICHAEL
TREVOR C. HE
WILLIAM M. L
A. DAN TARLC
EX-OFFICIO
DUNCAN T. P.!
SYMPOSIUM
SHEILA DAVIl
CHRIS ELFRIN
RENEE HAWK.
MARCIA HALl
GLEN CANY
MANAGE
DAVID L. WEE
PRINCIPAL,
EDMUND D. A
DEAN W. BLIl
GERALD A. C(
DAVID R. DAN
W. MICHAEL I
TREVOR C. HI
HELEN INGRA
R. ROY JOHNS
LUNA B. LEOI
G. RICHARD
WENDELL L.
CY R. OGGINS
DUNCAN T. Pi
JACK A. STAB;
A. DAN TARLd
Law
JAMES V. WA
DAVID L. WEt
* Although Dr.
Operations, he did
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PANEL MEMBERS
ROBERT C. AVERETT, U.S. Geological Survey, Arvada, Colorado
CLIFFORD I. BARRETT, Colorado River Electrical Distributors Association, Salt
Lake City, Utah
RICHARD BISHOP, University of Wisconsin, Madison
WAYNE DEASON, U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, Denver, Colorado
HERBERT FULLERTON, Utah State University, Logan
JULIE GRAF, U.S. Geological Survey, Tucson, Arizona
WILLIAM L. GRAF, Arizona State University, Tempe
DENNIS KUBLY, Arizona Game and Fish Department, Phoenix
WILLIAM M. LEWIS, JR., University of Colorado, Boulder
MARSHALL E. MOSS, U.S. Geological Survey, Tucson, Arizona
DAVID J. POLICANSKY, National Research Council, Washington, D.C.
PATRICIA PORT, U.S. Department of the Interior, San Francisco, California
PETER ROWLANDS, Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona
LARRY STEVENS, National Park Service, Flag staff Arizona
GARY WEATHERFORD, Ferris, Brennan and Britton, San Diego, California
OWEN WILLIAMS, National Park Service, Fort Collins, Colorado
JACQUELINE WYLAND, Environmental Protection Agency, Walnut Creek,
California
WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY BOARD
MICHAEL KAVANAUGH, Chairman, James M. Montgomery Consulting
Engineers, Walnut Creek, California
NORMAN H. BROOKS, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena
RICHARD A. CONWAY, Union Carbide Corporation, South Charleston, West
Virginia
DUANE L. GEORGESON, Metropolitan Water District, Southern California, Los
Angeles
R. KEITH HIGGINSON, Idaho Department of Water Resources, Boise (through 6/
30/89)
HOWARD C. KUNREUTHER, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
ROBERT R. MEGLEN, University of Colorado at Denver
JUDY L. MEYER, University of Georgia, Athens
DONALD J. O'CONNOR, Manhattan College, Bronx, New York
BETTY H. OLSON, University of California, Irvine
KENNETH W. POTTER, University of Wisconsin, Madison
P. SURESH C. RAG, University of Florida, Gainesville
DONALD D. RUNNELLS, University of Colorado, Boulder
PHILIP C. SINGER, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
A. DAN TARLOCK, Chicago-Kent College of Law, Chicago, Illinois
HUGO F. THOMAS, Department of Environmental Protection, Hartford,
Connecticut
JAMES R. WALLIS, IBM Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York
M. GORDON WOLMAN, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
v
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STAFF
STEPHEN D. PARKER, Director
SHEILA D. DAVID, Senior Program Officer
CHRIS ELFRING, Senior Program Officer
SARAH CONNICK, Program Officer
JEANNE AQUILINO, Administrative Specialist
RENEE A. HAWKINS, Administrative Assistant (through 8/90)
ANITA A. HALL, Administrative Secretary
MARCIA D. WARE, Secretary
PATRICIA L. CICERO, Secretary
COMMISSION ON GEOSCIENCES, ENVIRONMENT AND
RESOURCES
M. GORDON WOLMAN, Chairman, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore
ROBERT C. BEARDSLEY, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole,
Massachusetts
B. CLARK BURCHFIEL, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge
RALPH J. CICERONE, University of California, Irvine
PETER S. EAGLESON, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge
HELEN INGRAM, University of Arizona, Tucson
GENE E. LIKENS, New York Botanical Gardens, Millbrook
SYUKURO MANABE, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
Princeton, New Jersey
JACK E. OLIVER, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
PHILIP A. PALMER, E. I. du Pant de Nemours & Company, Newark, Delaware
FRANK L. PARKER, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
DUNCAN T. PA11EN, Arizona State University, Tempe
MAXINE L. SAV1TZ, Allied Signal Aerospace, Torrance, California
LARRY L. SMARR, National Center for Supercomputing Applications,
Champaign, Illinois
STEVEN M. STANLEY, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
CRISPIN TICKELL, Green College at the Radcliffe Observatory, Oxford
KARL K. TUREKIAN, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
IRVIN L. WHITE, New York State Energy Research and Development Authority,
Albany, New York
JAMES H. ZUMBERGE, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
COMMISSION STAFF
STEPHEN RA11IEN, Executive Director
STEPHEN D. PARKER, Associate Executive Director
JANICE E. GREENE, Assistant Executive Director
JEANETTE SPOON, Financial Officer
CARL1TA PERRY, Administrative Assistant
ROBIN LEWIS, Senior Secretary
Y!
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Contents
Committee Synopsis/Findings and Recommendations
Background Papers
1 The Law and Politics of the Operation of Glen Canyon Dam
by Helen Ingram, A. Dan Tarlock, and Cy R. Oggins
2 The Role of Science in Natural Resource Management:
The Case for the Colorado River by G. R. Marzolf
3 Hydrology of Glen Canyon and the Grand Canyon
by David R. Dawdy
4 Sediment Transport in the Colorado River Basin
by Edmund D. Andrews
Limnology of Lake Powell and the Chemistry of the
Colorado River by Jack A. Stanford and James V. Ward
6 Algal and Invertebrate Biota in He Colorado River:
Companson of Pre- and Post-Dam Conditions
by Dean W. Blinn and Gerald A. Cole
7 Native Fishes of the Grand Canyon Region: An Obituary?
by W. L. Minckley
8 Historic Changes in Vegetation Along the Colorado River
in the Grand Canyon by R. Roy Johnson
9 Reservoir Operations by Trevor C. Hughes
v`'
1
10
28
40
54
75
102
124
178
207
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. · ~
Vitl
10 A Brief History of the Glen Canyon Environmental Studies
by David L. Wegner
11 Glen Canyon Environmental Studies Research Program:
Past, Present, and Future by Duncan T. Patten
12 Closing Remarks by Lana B. Leopold
Appendixes
A Symposium Program
B Biographical Sketches of Committee Members
C Symposium Invitees
D Glen Canyon Environmental Studies Technical Reports
/
CONTENTS
226
239
254
261
263
266
272
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Acknowledgments
Thanking the many people who contributed to the success of this sympo-
sium carries the risk of embarrassing omissions. The need for special thanks
is obvious, however, and so I hope that any omissions will be forgiven.
Professor Luna B. Leopold patiently absorbed the symposium discussions
from the front row and was kind enough to make cogent concluding re-
marks. Sheila David has been the Water Science and Technology Board
(WSTB) staff officer for this committee activity from the beginning in 1986.
She has kept us organized and on time, and has carried many frustrating
burdens for us when we needed help. Renee Hawkins and Chris Elfring,
also of the WSTB staff, kept the details of the organization of this meeting
from being known to anyone. It was that smoothly done.
We of course owe our gratitude to the authors who delivered these pa-
pers, but also to the people asked to participate in panel discussions that
contributed structure to the open discussions. The committee acknowledges
that the success of the symposium was due in large measure to their interest
and enthusiastic discussion of the many issues surrounding protection of the
environment in the Grand Canyon.
G. Richard Marzolf
Chairman
Committee on Glen Canyon
Environmental Studies
Six
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