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Suggested Citation:"APPENDIXES." National Research Council. 1963. Damage to Livestock From Radioactive Fallout in Event of Nuclear War: A Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18486.
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Page 47
Suggested Citation:"APPENDIXES." National Research Council. 1963. Damage to Livestock From Radioactive Fallout in Event of Nuclear War: A Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18486.
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Page 46

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Lioi.cx:i(^i ^v^n^Zii,ii^ or r^ix)m? 1A l^Ll^.110« 10 H3 vI3IKILUII0M One ot tne tir8t prodlem8 tdat ari8e8 in 6etininß tne potential level8 ot eitner 8nort»ranße or lonß»ranße na2ar68 trcm ra6ioactive tallout i8 tne 6i8pc>8ition ot tne variou8 ra6ioactive element8 in tne tallout material. 3ince tde 6i8po8ition ot tne ti88ion pro6uct8 an6 otner ra6ioactive element8 in tallout i8 6etermine6 verv ear1v atter a nuclear 6etonation occur8, it i8 ok intere8t to reviev drietlv tne proce88 ot tal1out tormation a8 6e» 6uce6 irom mea8urement8 on an6 analv8e8 ot variou8 tvpe8 ot tallout. Ine ra6iation in^urv to 8pecitic orßan8 an6 ti88ue8 vill de relate6 to tKe amount an6 tne nature ot ra6ioactive material8 inße8te6 an6 it vill de limite6 dv tne dioloßical availadilitv ot tde ra6ioactive element8 pre8ent in tne tallout Particle8. One can make certain ßenerali2ation8, l2.rßelv da8e6 upon iiel6 8tu6ie8. 3ilica»I.a6en 6etonation8 vill 8erve a8 an example 8ince tdev are our principal 8ource ot intormation. (a) Hear tne point ot 6etonation particle8 vill de larße. Ine ratio ot total ra6ioactivitv to dioloßicallv availadle ra6ioactivitv vill de larße. Idi8 mean8 tdat tne da2ar6 trom external vdole»do6v irra6iation vill de ßreater tdan irom tne inße8tion ot ti88ion pro6uct8 a8 one approacne8 tne 6etonation point. (d) ^8 one move8 avav an6 6ovn«in6 trom tne point ot 6eto» nation, dioloßical availadilitv increa8e8 8o tnat tde ratio ot tne total ra6ioactivitv to dioloßicallv availadle ra6ioactivitv decome8 8maller. ^t 8ud8tantial 6i8tance8 tne inße8tion da2ar6 mav pre6ominate. Lioloßicallv availadle ti88ion pro6uct8, tdoußd, mav de con8i6erad1v le88 quanti» tativelv decau8e tnev are 6i8per8e6 over a vi6e area. (c) ^l8o, a8 one move8 avav trcnn tne point ot 6etonation a protile ot 8pecitic dioloßicallv availadle ti88ion ra6ioi8otope8 i8 6evelope6. In a nuclear 6etonation near tne 8urtace ot tne eartd, 8ome 8oil i8 vapc>ri2e6 alonß vitd tne content8 ot tne veapon. In a66ition, 8ome 8oil i8 >nelte6 an6 larße amount8 ot 8oil are pulveri2e6. ^8 tde tiredall ri8e8 an6 expan68 it cool8 rapi6lv; vnen tne temperature taÜ8 to adout 20Ol)°X ^ La8e6 on material prepare6 dv 0arl ?. Killer tor tne 3tantor6 Ke8earcn In8titute Keport: ?allout an6 Ka6ioloßical 0ountermea8ure8 (to de pudli8ne6) . ^7

Ke8pon8e ot 8ucn animal8 in a tallout tiel6 to tne a66e6 dur6en ot con8ume6 dut non»metadoli2e6 ra6ionucli6e8. Ke8pon8e ot 8ucn animal8 in a tallout tiel6 to tne ra6ionucli6e8 tnat tall or collect upon external part8 ot tne dcxi^ 8ucn a8 tne dack, ear8, teet, etc. Ine total re8pon8e ot 8ucn animal8 to all ettect8 ot tallout in a varietv ot circum8tance8. Ine total re8pon8e ot 8ucn animal8 to 6irect ettect8 ot tallout in con^unction vitn an altere6 "va^ ot lite" re8ultinß trom contamination. l0.3 veten8ive Kea8ure8 Ine ettectivene88 ot a66e6 icxline an6 otner pnarmacoloßical aßent8 in tne 6iet in re6ucinß ra6ioio6ine in tne milk ot cattle. Ine ettectivene88 ot variou8 level8 ot 6ietarv calcium an6 ot otner pnarmacoloßical aßent8 upon tne ra6io8trontium an6 ra6iodarium in tne milk. Ine ettectivene88 ot laxative8 in re6ucinß tne ra6ioactive element8 in tne ßa8trointe8tinal tract. Ine ettectivene88 ot variou8 metno68 tor removinß ra6ioactive 6edri8 trom tne ni6e8 ot animal8, an6 nov to carrv out 8ucn an operation vitn a minimum expo8ure to tne per8onnel involve6. ?roce6ure8 an6 equipment tor 8ate 8laußdterinß ot contaminate6 animal8, i.e., vitn minimum expo8ure to tne operator8 an6 minimum contami» nation ot tne meat. Inexpen8ive metno68 tor nome pre8ervation ot meat an6 meat toc>6 pro6uct8. ?arminß practice8 tnat mav re6uce uptake ot ra6ionucli6e8 dv tarm animal8. ^b

Next: APPENDIX A: BIOLOGICAL AVAILABILITY OF FALLOUT IN RELATION TO ITS DISTRIBUTION »
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