2003-2004 Assessment of the Army Research Laboratory (2005)

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APPENDIX B 61 Appendix B Membership of the Army Research Laboratory Technical Assessment Board and Its Panels 

Air and Ground Vehicle Sensors and Electron 62 Technology Panel Army Research Laboratory Devices Panel (reviews VTD) Technical Assessment Board (reviews SEDD) Clive L. Dym, Chair* Awatef Hamed Dwight C. Streit, Chair* Keith H. Jackson Roy Battles S. Michael Hudson Robert W. Brodersen, Chair Henry E. Bass Linda P.B. Katehi Julie Chen Sia Nemat-Nasser George E. Dieter Robert W. Brodersen* Timothy N. Krabach Charbel H. Farhat Francis W. Zok Elton J. Cairns Karen W. Markus Jacob Fish Clive L. Dym L. Richard Carley David C. Munson, Jr. David R. Ferguson Arthur Guenther P. Paul Ruden Alfred O. Hero John F. Schultz Armor and Armaments Panel Douglas H. Harris Narain G. Hingorani Fritz Steudel Mary Jane Irwin (reviews WMRD) Dwight C. Streit George E. Dieter, Chair * Larry G. Hill Charles E. Anderson, Jr. James E. McGrath Dennis W. Thomson Soldier Systems Panel Melvin R. Baer Lynne E. Parker Kim K. Baldridge Thomas A. Saponas (reviews HRED) Phillip W. Barth Rosemary L. Smith Thomas B. Brill Kenneth S. Vecchio Nanotechnology Review Team Douglas H. Harris, Chair* Bonnie Elizabeth John Rodney J. Clifton John D. Venables Donald B. Chaffin John D. Lee Phillip Colella Dennis G. Faust Eric R. Muth Robert T. Hennessy Frank E. Ritter Peter Kogge, Chair James E. McGrath Robert A. Henning Digitization and Communications Kim K. Baldridge Thomas A. Saponas Phillip W. Barth Rosemary L. Smith Science Panel Robert W. Brodersen * Dwight C. Streit* (reviews CISD ) Survivability and Lethality Mary Jane Irwin, Chair* Frank A. Horrigan Robotics Review Team Analysis Panel Nancy M. Amato Daniel E. Koditschek (reviews SLAD) Ronald C. Arkin Peter Kogge Donald M. Chiarulli Vijay Kumar Alfred O. Hero, Chair Daniel Koditschek David R. Ferguson, Chair* John McHugh Phillip Colella Mitchell P. Marcus Nancy Amato Vijay Kumar Romesh C. Batra Max D. Morris Jack Dongarra Richard T. McNider Ronald Arkin Charles Reinholtz John D. Christie John Reese Joel S. Engel Jimmy K. Omura Robert T. Hennessy David Waltz MarjorieAnn EricksonKirk John F. Schultz Brant Foote Charles F. Reinholtz Frank A. Horrigan Melvin F. Kanninen Jack L. Walker Joseph Halpern Dennis W. Thomson* Richard Lloyd Donald C. Wunsch Bruce B. Hicks David Waltz Teresa F. Lunt *ARLTAB Member. NOTE: Members whose term expired prior to 2004 are included in the Biographical Sketches in this appendix. FIGURE B.1 Army Research Laboratory Technical Assessment Board and Panels, 2004. 

APPENDIX B 63 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES Army Research Laboratory Technical Assessment Board ROBERT W. BRODERSEN, Chair, is a member of the National Academy of Engineering (NAE), the John Whinnery Chair Professor in the Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department at the University of California at Berkeley, and co-scientific director of the Berkeley Wireless Research Center. His expertise is in solid-state circuitry and microelectronics, and his current research is in new applications of integrated circuits focused in the areas of low-power design and wireless communica- tions and the computer-aided design (CAD) tools necessary to support these activities. Professor Brodersen is a fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) and has received numerous prestigious awards throughout his career. He received his Ph.D. in electrical engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). He is a former member of the Army Research Laboratory Technical Assessment Board (ARLTAB) Sensors and Electron Devices Panel, having served with distinction from 1996 through 2000. GEORGE E. DIETER is the Glenn L. Martin Institute Professor of Engineering at the University of Maryland, formerly serving as dean of engineering at the university until 1994. Before coming to the University of Maryland in 1977, he was a professor of engineering and director of the Processing Research Institute at Carnegie Mellon University. Earlier in his career, Dr. Dieter worked for the DuPont Engineering Research Laboratory before serving as head of the Metallurgical Engineering Department and later as dean of engineering at Drexel University. He received his D.Sc. degree from Carnegie Mellon University and is a fellow of ASM International (the society for materials engineers and scientists); the Minerals, Metals, and Materials Society (TMS); the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS); and the American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE). He has received the education award from ASM, TMS, and the Society for Manufacturing Engineers (SME), as well as the Lamme Medal, the highest award of the ASEE. In addition, he has been chair of the Engineering Deans Council and president of the ASEE. Dr. Dieter is a member of the NAE and the author of two widely used books, Mechanical Metallurgy and Engineering Design: A Materials and Processing Approach. CLIVE L. DYM is the Fletcher Jones Professor of Engineering Design and director of the Center for Design Education at Harvey Mudd College. His primary interests are in engineering design and struc- tural mechanics. After receiving his Ph.D. from Stanford University, Dr. Dym held appointments at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst; Bolt, Beranek and Newman; Carnegie Mellon University; the Institute for Defense Analyses; and the University at Buffalo. He was also head of the Civil Engineering Department at the University of Massachusetts (1977-1985) and chair of the Department of Engineering at Harvey Mudd (1999-2002). Dr. Dym has held visiting appointments at the TECHNION-Israel Insti- tute of Technology; University of Southampton Institute of Sound and Vibration Research; Stanford University; Xerox PARC; Carnegie Mellon University; Northwestern University; and the University of Southern California. He has authored or coauthored 10 books and more than 100 archival publications and technical reports. Dr. Dym was founding editor of the journal Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis, and Manufacturing and is currently associate editor of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Journal of Mechanical Design. Dr. Dym’s many awards include the Walter L. Huber Research Prize (American Society of Civil Engineers [ASCE], 1980), the Fred Merryfield Design Award (ASEE, 2002), and the Joel and Ruth Spira Outstanding Design Educator Award (ASME, 2004). 

64 APPENDIX B DAVID R. FERGUSON was Boeing Phantom Works’ senior geometry technical fellow before his recent retirement. In that position, he had lead responsibility for geometry research and development at Boeing, where his work involved the application of mathematics to a wide variety of real-world engi- neering problems. He worked extensively on issues related to computer-aided geometric design and in the specific area of developing mathematical algorithms for curve and surface generation, and he has written and spoken widely on the issue of shape control for geometric objects. Before joining Boeing, Dr. Ferguson worked with the Aerospace Corporation and was a member of the faculty at the University of Wisconsin and the University of Southern California. Dr. Ferguson is a member of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (SIAM) and an editor for two professional journals. DOUGLAS H. HARRIS is chairman and principal scientist of Anacapa Sciences, a company that he formed in 1969 to improve human performance in complex systems and organizations. His principal contributions have been in the areas of inspection, investigation, intelligence, and maintenance perfor- mance. Dr. Harris is a past president of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society and a past chair of the National Research Council (NRC) Committee on Human Factors. He was an author of the first volume of the Wiley Series in Human Factors (Human Factors and Quality Assurance) and was chair of an NRC panel that produced the book Organizational Linkages: Understanding the Productivity Para- dox. As an officer in the U.S. Navy, he completed underwater demolition training and served as the operations and training officer of an underwater demolition team. MARY JANE IRWIN is the A. Robert Noll Chair in Engineering in the Department of Computer Science and Engineering at Pennsylvania State University. Her expertise is in computer architecture, embedded and mobile computing systems design, low-power design, and electronic design automation. Dr. Irwin was named fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers in 1995 and fellow of the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) in 1996, and she was elected to the National Academy of Engineering in 2003. Dr. Irwin is currently serving as the editor in chief of the ACM’s Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic Systems. In the past, she has served as an elected member of the Computing Research Association’s board of directors, IEEE Computer Society’s board of governors, and ACM’s council, and as vice president of the ACM. She received her Ph.D. in computer science from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. RICHARD S. MULLER (Board member in 2003) is a member of the NAE, director of the Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center, and professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences at the University of California at Berkeley. His expertise includes microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and integrated electronic sensors. Dr. Muller is coauthor of the popular textbook Device Electronics for Integrated Circuits and author or coauthor of more than 200 technical papers and the inventor of 16 patents. In 1986, he joined with Professor Richard White to found the Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center, a National Science Foundation (NSF)/industry/university research center. Dr. Muller has received many prestigious awards throughout his career. He is a life fellow of the IEEE, an IEEE Distinguished Lecturer, editor in chief of the IEEE/ASME Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems, a trustee of the Stevens Institute of Technology, and a former member of the National Research Council’s National Materials Advisory Board. He presently serves as chair for Microsystem Technolo- gies on the (German) Helmholtz Association for the review of German Federal Research Laboratories. JOHN C. SOMMERER (Board member in 2003) is chief technology officer of the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (JHU/APL), and he chairs APL’s Science and Technology 

APPENDIX B 65 Council. He manages APL’s overall internal research and development (R&D) program, its participa- tion in the educational programs of JHU’s Whiting School of Engineering, and its Office of Technology Transfer, and he is the line supervisor of the Research and Technology Development Center. In addition, he is an adjunct faculty member in applied physics, applied mathematics, and technical management. Dr. Sommerer has made internationally recognized theoretical and experimental contributions to the fields of nonlinear dynamics and complex systems. He has served on several technical advisory bodies for the U.S. government and has received numerous prestigious awards. Dr. Sommerer is a member of the Security Affairs Support Association, the American Physical Society (APS) and its Division of Fluid Mechanics, and SIAM and its Activity Group on Dynamical Systems. He is a director of the James Rouse Entrepreneurial Fund. He holds a Ph.D. in physics from the University of Maryland. DWIGHT C. STREIT is an NAE member and the vice president of Foundation Technologies at Northrop Grumman Space Technology. He has overall responsibility for development of the basic engineering, science, and technology required for space and communications systems. He has extensive experience in semiconductor devices and Microwave and Millimeter Integrated Circuits (MMICs) for applications up to 220 GHz, as well as in infrared and radiometer sensors. He has led development efforts for 10 to 40 Gbps optical communications systems and has experience in the development and production of optoelectronic devices and circuits. He also has previous experience in frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) and phased-array product development for X-band to W-band radar applications. He received his Ph.D. in electrical engineering from the University of California at Los Angeles. DENNIS W. THOMSON is a professor and former department head in the Department of Meteorology at the Pennsylvania State University. His expertise is in atmospheric physics and remote atmospheric sensing, and his major research interests include atmospheric electromagnetic and acoustic propagation phenomena, remote sensing of winds and turbulence, atmospheric sounds and noise propagation, bound- ary layer structure and processes, micrometeorology, and nonlinear dynamical systems. Dr. Thomson has received a number of prestigious awards; he is a fellow of the American Meteorological Society (AMS) and a former Intergovernmental Personnel Act (IPA) fellow to the Office of Naval Research. Other off-campus assignments for Dr. Thomson, on Penn State’s faculty for more than 32 years, include those with the Risoe National Laboratory, Denmark, and the Naval Postgraduate School. His national science community responsibilities have included a term as trustee of the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research, membership on a number of Department of Defense (DOD) oversight and advisory committees, and extended service, both to the Argonne National Laboratory and continuing at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. He is a multidegree graduate in physics and meteorology (Ph.D.) of the University of Wisconsin. Staff JAMES P. McGEE is director of the Army Research Laboratory Technical Assessment Board (ARLTAB) in the Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences at the National Research Council. Since 1994, he has been a senior staff officer at the NRC, directing projects in the areas of systems engineering and applied psychology, including the Panel on Soldier Systems for ARLTAB, the Com- mittee on National Statistics’ Panel on Operational Testing and Evaluation of the Stryker Vehicle and its Committee on Assessing the National Science Foundation’s Scientists and Engineers Statistical Data System, the Committee on the Health and Safety Needs of Older Workers, and the Steering Committee on Differential Susceptibility of Older Persons to Environmental Hazards. He has also served as staff 

66 APPENDIX B officer for NRC projects on Air Traffic Control Automation, Musculoskeletal Disorders and the Work- place, and the Changing Nature of Work. Prior to joining the NRC, Dr. McGee held technical and management positions in systems engineering and applied psychology at IBM, General Electric, RCA, General Dynamics, and United Technologies corporations. He received his B.A. from Princeton Univer- sity and his Ph.D. from Fordham University, both in psychology, and for several years instructed postsecondary courses in applied psychology and in organizational management. CY L. BUTNER is a senior program officer with the Army Research Laboratory Technical Assessment Board. Shortly after joining the NRC in 1997, he moved from the Aeronautics and Space Engineering Board (ASEB) to his current appointment. Before joining the NRC, Mr. Butner served as an indepen- dent consultant to the ASEB for 2 years, during which time he supported an ongoing peer review process for Air Force Office of Scientific Research proposals, as well as several reports on topics related to space and aeronautics programs. From 1985 until 1994, Mr. Butner worked with two aerospace consult- ing firms, where he supported space and aeronautics technology development programs at National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Headquarters. Before that, he worked for RCA as a satellite solar array engineer, for NASA at the Goddard Space Flight Center as a science cooperative education program student and a materials engineer, and for the New Mexico Environmental Improve- ment Agency as a statistician. Mr. Butner has B.S. and M.S. degrees in physics from the American University and a B.S. degree in mathematics from the University of New Mexico. RADHIKA S. CHARI is the administrative coordinator for the Army Research Laboratory Technical Assessment Board and the Board on Assessment of National Institute of Standards and Technology Programs of the National Research Council. She has been with the National Academies since 1996. Prior to joining these boards, she was a senior project assistant for the Board on Earth Sciences and Resources in the Division on Earth and Life Sciences. Ms. Chari received her B.A. degree in philosophy from Fordham University. Air and Ground Vehicle Technology Panel CLIVE L. DYM, Chair (see Board sketches, above) ROY BATTLES is senior vice president of research and engineering at Bell Helicopter Textron. Mr. Battles has more than 30 years of experience in several areas of rotorcraft engineering. His responsibili- ties have included contracted and company research on drive system programs, drive system design and analysis, drive system bench testing, rotor system design and analysis, hydraulic design, controls design, wheeled landing gear design, and wiring design. Mr. Battles has participated in several rotorcraft developments and qualifications and has authored and presented technical papers on helicopter drive systems. He was awarded the Distinguished Engineer Award at Texas Tech University in 2002. JULIE CHEN is a professor of mechanical engineering and codirector of the Advanced Composite Materials and Textile Research Laboratory at the University of Massachusetts at Lowell. Dr. Chen is currently on temporary assignment as program director for Nanomanufacturing at the National Science Foundation. Her expertise covers the areas of mechanical behavior and deformation of fiber structures, fiber assemblies, and composite materials, with an emphasis on experimental investigation and analyti- cal modeling of processing, energy absorption, fatigue, and failure behavior of composites. She received her Ph.D. in mechanical engineering from MIT. 

APPENDIX B 67 MICHAEL G. DUNN (panel member in 2003) has more than 35 years of industry experience at the Lockheed Missiles and Space Company and Calspan Corporation (formerly the Cornell Aerospace Laboratory). In 1995 he moved to the Ohio State University, where he is director of the Gas Turbine Laboratory. Dr. Dunn has extensive R&D experience in the areas of hypersonic flows and the funda- mentals of turbomachinery flows. He has participated in research programs with all of the U.S. aircraft engine manufacturers, as well as those of NASA, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, and the Defense Nuclear Agency. Dr. Dunn pioneered the use of short-duration experimental techniques to obtain funda- mental measurements at design-corrected conditions for a host of full-stage rotating turbines. He is the author or coauthor of more than 150 reports and archival publications. CHARBEL H. FARHAT is a professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering and the Institute for Computational and Mathematical Engineering at Stanford University. Previously, he was the chair of the Department of Aerospace Engineering Sciences and director of the Center for Aerospace Struc- tures at the University of Colorado at Boulder. He is a leader in the area of computational mechanics, and his research interests include aeroelasticity, acoustics, coupled field problems, finite element meth- ods and software, numerical analysis, substructuring and domain decomposition methods, mesh parti- tioning, parallel processing, scientific visualization, engineering design, and engineering software sys- tems. Dr. Farhat has received numerous honors and awards. He is a consultant to major corporations; Sandia National Laboratories; the European Space Agency; SAMTECH, S.A., in Belgium; the Depart- ment of the Air Force; and the National Science Foundation. He is a fellow of the International and the U.S. Association for Computational Mechanics (IACM and USACM), the American Society for Me- chanical Engineers, and the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA), and the World Innovation Foundation. Dr. Farhat sits on a number of editorial boards and has served on many presti- gious advisory committees. He received his Ph.D. in civil engineering from the University of California at Berkeley. JACOB FISH is a professor in the Departments of Civil Engineering, Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, and Information Technology at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. Dr. Fish has expertise in advanced materials, fracture, modeling, high-performance computing, and structural integrity. He has worked on various aspects of structural integrity modeling and analysis and has developed multiscale computational techniques for advanced materials and structures. He is editor in chief of the Journal for Multiscale Computational Engineering and currently serves as the president of the U.S. Association for Computational Mechanics. Dr. Fish is a fellow of both the USACM and the IACM. He is a consultant to the NY Department of Law, General Electric Corporate Research and Development, Lockheed Missiles and Space Company, and the ANSYS, SDRC, and EMRC software houses. He received his Ph.D. in theoretical and applied mechanics from Northwestern University. AWATEF HAMED is department head and the Bradley Jones Professor in the Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics Department of the University of Cincinnati. Dr. Hamed has more than 30 years of research experience in gas turbine erosion, two-phase flow, aeroacoustics, and propulsion systems integration. She has written more than 300 technical publications, is chair of the ASME Fluids Applications Systems Technical Committee, and is editor of the International Journal of Computational Fluid Dynamics. She is a fellow of both the AIAA and the ASME, as well as being a member of the ASEE. Dr. Hamed has received a number of prestigious awards throughout her career. She received her Ph.D. in engineering from the University of Cincinnati. 

68 APPENDIX B S. MICHAEL HUDSON retired in 2002 from the position of vice chairman of Rolls-Royce North America. After Allison Engine Company was acquired by Rolls-Royce, Mr. Hudson served as presi- dent, chief executive officer, chief operating officer, and as a member of the board of directors of Allison Engine Company. Previously, during his tenure at Allison, he served as executive vice president for engineering, chief engineer for advanced technology engines, chief engineer for small production engines, supervisor of the design for Model 250 engines, and chief of preliminary design and chief project engineer in vehicular gas turbines. Mr. Hudson is a member of the NRC’s Aeronautics and Space Engineering Board and has served as a member of several of the ASEB’s committees. SIA NEMAT-NASSER is a professor of mechanical and aerospace engineering and director of the Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials at the University of California at San Diego. His current research includes micromechanical and constitutive modeling of nonlinear response and failure modes, analytic and computational mechanics, static and dynamic experimental development of lightweight structures made of shape-memory alloys, and development of a self-healing composite material. Previ- ously, from 1970 to 1985, he was professor of applied mechanics and applied mathematics at North- western University. Dr. Nemat-Nasser is a member of the NAE; a fellow of the ASME; a fellow and past president of the Society of Engineering Science (SES); a founding member, fellow, past secretary, and past president of the American Academy of Mechanics (AAM); and a foreign fellow of the Danish Center for Applied Mathematics and Mechanics. He is editor in chief of the international journal Mechanics of Materials, edited the book series Mechanics Today and the book series Mechanics of Elastic and Inelastic Solids, and has authored, coauthored, or edited more than 19 books and proceed- ings. He received his Ph.D. in structural mechanics from the University of California, Berkeley. FRANCIS W. ZOK is a professor in the Materials Department at the University of California at Santa Barbara and director of the university’s High Performance Composites Center. Dr. Zok has expertise in the mechanical and thermal behavior of multiphase structural materials, especially nonlinear damage phenomena, and the development of engineering design and life prediction methodologies based on micromechanical descriptions of the pertinent phenomena. His research encompasses a broad range of materials systems, including fiber-reinforced metals, ceramics, and polymers; particulate-, whisker-, and microballoon-reinforced metals; hybrid ceramic/composite laminates; ceramic fibrous monoliths; and systems with novel reinforcement topologies designed for ultrahigh energy absorption. He has been associate editor of the Journal of the American Ceramic Society since 1993. He is the author of more than 100 scientific papers and 5 book chapters. He received his Ph.D. from McMaster University. Armor and Armaments Panel GEORGE E. DIETER, Chair (see Board sketches, above) CHARLES E. ANDERSON, JR., is director of the Engineering Dynamics Department of the Mechani- cal and Materials Engineering Division of the Southwest Research Institute. He is an expert in penetra- tion mechanics and hypervelocity impact. In particular, he has worked to modify and improve Eulerian and Lagrangian hydrodynamic computer codes for use in material response studies, penetration me- chanics and hypervelocity impact studies, and warhead fragmentation design and analyses. He has authored numerous government reports and, because of his expertise in penetration and computational mechanics, has served on various government advisory committees. Dr. Anderson is a founding board member and the first president of the Hypervelocity Impact Society, a senior institute fellow of the 

APPENDIX B 69 Institute for Advanced Technology, a member of the editorial advisory board of the International Journal of Impact Engineering, and recipient of the Distinguished Scientist Award (2000). Dr. Ander- son received his Ph.D. in physics from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. MELVIN R. BAER is a senior scientist in engineering sciences at the Sandia National Laboratories. Over the past 25 years, he has published fundamental and basic research in the field of energetic materials involving the initiation, deflagration, and detonation processes in propellants, explosives, intermetallics, and pyrotechnics. He has served as a consultant in energetic materials for several govern- ment agencies and has participated in numerous explosives review and investigation programs, such as the Advanced Energetics Integrated Process Team (IPT), the U.S. Navy reinvestigation of the USS Iowa incident, and the National Transportation Safety Board investigation of the 1996 TWA 800 accident. Dr. Baer received his Ph.D. in mechanical engineering from Colorado State University. KIM K. BALDRIDGE is director of Computational Applications and professor of theoretical chemistry at the University of Zurich, Switzerland. She additionally holds a distinguished scientist position at the San Diego Supercomputer Center and an adjunct professorship in the Department of Chemistry at the University of California at San Diego. Her expertise covers a wide area of computational chemistry, including the following: direct application of quantum chemical software; development of new quantum chemical algorithms; and development of visualization, middleware, database, and analysis tools for the adaptation of computational chemistry and biochemistry applications to grid environments. Dr. Baldridge is a fellow of the American Physical Society and of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. She is coauthor of a major computational chemistry software package used worldwide and has a publication list of 100 research articles. PHILLIP W. BARTH is credited with coining the term “surface micromachining” as applied to MEMS. At Agilent Technologies (formerly known as Hewlett-Packard), he has contributed innovative engineer- ing content to areas of work including synthetic nanopore manufacturing methods, microfluidic systems for genomics array manufacturing, microfluidics for high-throughput screening systems, optical switch- ing systems for telecommunications, liquid handling for inkjet printing, microscale valves, and microscale flow detectors. In prior positions, as vice president/chief scientist at NovaSensor and as a senior research associate in Stanford University’s Center for Integrated Systems, he codeveloped airbag accelerometers, fuel injectors, pressure sensors, and thermometer arrays. He is inventor or coinventor of 34 issued U.S. patents and author or coauthor of 12 refereed journal articles and 36 other publications. He has approximately 10 patents pending. THOMAS B. BRILL is a professor of chemistry, chemical engineering, and art conservation at the University of Delaware. Dr. Brill is a widely known leader in research related to the chemistry of propellants and explosives. His current research is aimed at gaining fundamental insights into chemical processes at rather extreme conditions, including the study of pyrolysis processes that occur on the surface of burning materials. Dr. Brill also has served as a member of the National Research Council’s Committee on Advanced Energetic Materials and Manufacturing Technologies. He received his Ph.D. in chemistry from the University of Minnesota at Minneapolis. RODNEY J. CLIFTON is Rush C. Hawkins University Professor at Brown University and an NAE member. His expertise is in dynamic plasticity, dynamic fracture, and phase transformations. His re- search includes plate impact theory and experiments, dynamic plasticity, dislocation dynamics, dynamic 

70 APPENDIX B fracture, mechanics of hydraulic fracturing, and numerical methods. In addition to his position at Brown University, Dr. Clifton has held visiting positions at the University of Southampton Institute of Sound and Vibration Research, Stanford University, and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He has been a consultant to major firms and national laboratories, including the Brookhaven National Labora- tory and Sandia National Laboratories. He is a fellow of the American Academy of Mechanics and the American Society of Mechanical Engineers. His other professional memberships include those in the APS, SIAM, and ASCE. Dr. Clifton received his Ph.D. in civil engineering from Carnegie Mellon University. PHILLIP COLELLA is a senior mathematician and group leader of the Applied Numerical Algorithms Group in the Computational Research Division at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. His expertise is in numerical methods for partial differential equations and their application to science and engineering problems. He is a recipient of the IEEE Computer Society’s Sidney Fernbach Award (1998) and the SIAM/ACM prize in computational science (2003) and a member of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) (2004). Dr. Colella is also a current member of the ARLTAB Digitization and Commu- nications Science Panel. DENNIS E. GRADY (panel member in 2003) is a principal scientist and associate with the Southwest Division of Applied Research Associates. Dr. Grady’s expertise includes impact and penetration phe- nomena; shock waves; equation-of-state, high-pressure, and high-temperature physics; fracture and fragmentation; and dynamic material properties. For more than 30 years (including 22 years at Sandia National Laboratories), he has been involved with the measurement and theoretical description of condensed matter under the influence of shock and high-velocity impact. Dr. Grady has published more than 200 technical papers and reports. He earned a Ph.D. in physics and mathematics from Washington State University. LARRY G. HILL is a technical staff member at the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), where he conducts theoretical and experimental research on the performance and safety of high explosives. He has been with LANL since 1992. His experience includes the following areas: propagation and failure of curved detonation waves; inert, product, and mixture equations of state; reaction rate modeling; shock initiation; deflagration-to-detonation transition; and crack and flame propagation in explosives and propellants. Dr. Hill received his Ph.D. in aeronautics from the California Institute of Technology. JAMES E. McGRATH is director of the Materials Research Institute and University Distinguished Professor of Chemistry at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. Dr. McGrath also is a member of the NAE, American Chemical Society (ACS), Society of Plastic Engineers, Society for the Advancement of Material and Process Engineering, Materials Research Society, and AAAS. His exper- tise is in polymeric materials and their composites, and his research includes novel polymer synthesis, mechanism and kinetics of polymerization reactions, fluorine- and phosphorus-containing polymers, toughening mechanisms in thermosetting systems, poly(amide)s and poly(aramide)s, liquid crystalline polymers, and small-particle generation for powder prepreg applications. Dr. McGrath has served as director of the National Science Foundation’s Science and Technology Center on High Performance Polymeric Adhesives and Composites. He received his Ph.D. in polymer science from the University of Akron. 

APPENDIX B 71 LYNNE E. PARKER is an associate professor in the Department of Computer Science at the University of Tennessee-Knoxville and an adjunct distinguished research and development staff member in the Computer Science and Mathematics Division at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. She is a leading international researcher in the field of cooperative multirobot systems and has performed research in the areas of mobile robot cooperation, human-robot cooperation, robotic learning, intelligent agent architec- tures, and robot navigation. For this research, she was awarded the U.S. Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers in 2000. Her extensive publications include four edited books on the topic of distributed robotics. Dr. Parker received her Ph.D. in computer science from MIT. THOMAS A. SAPONAS was, until his retirement in 2003, the senior vice president and chief technol- ogy officer (CTO) for Agilent Technologies, the $8 billion spin-off of the Hewlett-Packard Company in 1999. He had been with Hewlett-Packard (HP) and Agilent Technologies for 31 years, starting as a research and development engineer. As CTO, Mr. Saponas was responsible for establishing Agilent’s long-term technology strategy and directly supervised its central research laboratory. Previously, he had been vice president and general manager of the Electronic Instruments Group at HP, where he led eight divisions and five operations. Earlier as a general manager, he was also responsible for HP’s worldwide R&D, marketing and manufacturing of oscilloscopes, logic analyzers, and microprocessor development systems, as well as having manufacturing responsibility for HP’s thin- and thick-film microcircuits. In 1986, Mr. Saponas was selected as a White House Fellow, and he served for 1 year as special assistant to the Secretary of the Navy. Mr. Saponas has a B.S. degree in computer science and electrical engineer- ing and an M.S. degree in electrical engineering from the University of Colorado. ROSEMARY L. SMITH is a professor of electrical and computer engineering at the University of California at Davis. She is primarily interested in the design, fabrication, assembly, and testing of microfabricated systems for chemical analysis and biomedical measurements. Microfabricated mea- surement systems have recently become known as “microinstruments.” In the course of the design and fabrication of a microsensor or microinstrument, new technologies and processes have to be invented or developed, including wafer-scale assembly, thin-film materials deposition and etching, and micromachining technologies. Professor Smith’s current research includes electrochemiluminescence for chemical sensing and analysis, porous silicon-based sensors, vertical assembly through wafer bond- ing, and wafer-to-wafer interconnect. KENNETH S. VECCHIO is a professor of materials science and engineering in the Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering at the University of California at San Diego (UCSD). For 10 years he served as the director of the Electron Optics and Microanalysis Facility for the Jacobs School of Engineering at UCSD. Among his professional distinctions, Dr. Vecchio was the recipient of the Year 2000 Marcus Grossman Young Author Award from ASM International. His research focuses on struc- ture/property relations in advanced materials, with emphasis on applications in dynamic loading events for both civilian and defense-related fields. Central to much of this research is the application and incorporation of rate-sensitive-material models into the analysis of industrially relevant problems, such as the solid particle erosion of ductile alloys, foreign object damage, penetrator/armor interactions, and wear problems. Dr. Vecchio also has a strong interest in fundamental investigations of defect generation and storage mechanisms. A recognized leader in his fields of expertise, Dr. Vecchio also serves as a consultant to several companies. He received his Ph.D. in materials science and engineering from Lehigh University and holds several patents in the field of materials development, including one on layered armor materials. 

72 APPENDIX B JOHN D. VENABLES received his Ph.D. in physics from the University of Warwick, England, and until his retirement he served as associate director and chief scientist at Martin Marietta Laboratories in Baltimore, Maryland. He has served on numerous study committees of the National Academies and was a member for 6 years of BAST, the Board on Army Science and Technology. He is the coauthor of the entry entitled “Materials Science” in the Encyclopedia Britannica and is currently a consultant for the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency’s (DARPA’s) Defense Sciences Office (DSO) through Strategic Analysis, Inc. SHELDON WIEDERHORN (panel member in 2003) is a senior NIST fellow in the Materials Science and Engineering Laboratory of the National Institute of Standards and Technology. With 41 years of experience at NIST (formerly the National Bureau of Standards) and 3 years at E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company before that, he is a recognized leader in the field of ceramics. He has broad expertise, with a particular focus on the mechanical properties of ceramics. Dr. Wiederhorn is a member of the NAE and a fellow of the American Ceramic Society. He has an extensive background of editorial and national committee service and is the recipient of many awards and honors, the most recent being the Alexander von Humboldt Fellowship (1995). Dr. Wiederhorn holds a Ph.D. in chemical engineering from the University of Illinois. Digitization and Communications Science Panel MARY JANE IRWIN, Chair (see Board sketches, above) NANCY M. AMATO is a professor in the Department of Computer Science at Texas A&M University. At the Texas A&M Parasol Laboratory, Dr. Amato conducts and directs research to develop algorithmic solutions for problems in areas such as computational biology (e.g., protein folding and drug design), motion planning (e.g., animation and robotics), computational geometry, parallel and distributed com- puting (e.g., performance modeling, prediction, and optimization), and computational science (e.g., physics, geosciences, neuroscience). She is the recipient of various honors, including the following: an NSF Faculty Early Career Development (CAREER) Award; a professorship for outstanding associate professors; a college-level award recognizing promising junior researchers; university, college, and departmental teaching awards; two university-level awards recognizing her contributions in support of women in computer science; and departmental service awards. She is an associate editor of the IEEE Transactions on Robotics and Automation and of the IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems. She regularly serves on organizing and program committees for international conferences, review panels for the NSF, and study sections for the National Institutes of Health (NIH). She is a member of the IEEE, ACM, SIAM, Intelligent Systems for Molecular Biology, and Sigma Xi. She received her Ph.D. in computer science from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, an M.S. in computer science from the University of California, Berkeley, and B.S./A.B. degrees in mathematical sciences and economics, respectively, from Stanford University. RONALD C. ARKIN received a B.S. degree from the University of Michigan, an M.S. degree from the Stevens Institute of Technology, and a Ph.D. in computer science from the University of Massachusetts, Amherst. He then assumed the position of assistant professor in the College of Computing at the Georgia Institute of Technology, where he now holds the rank of Regents’ Professor and is the director of the Mobile Robot Laboratory. From 1997 to 1998, Professor Arkin served as STINT (Swedish 

APPENDIX B 73 Foundation for International Cooperation in Research and Higher Education) visiting professor at the Centre for Autonomous Systems at the Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) in Stockholm, Sweden. His research interests include behavior-based reactive control and action-oriented perception for mobile robots and unmanned aerial vehicles, hybrid deliberative/reactive software architectures, robot surviv- ability, multiagent robotic systems, biorobotics, human-robot interaction, and learning in autonomous systems. Professor Arkin has over 120 technical publications to his credit in these areas. He has written a textbook entitled Behavior-Based Robotics and coedited a book entitled Robot Colonies. He serves or has served as an associate editor for IEEE Intelligent Systems and the Journal of Environmentally Conscious Manufacturing and as a member of the editorial boards of Autonomous Robots, Machine Intelligence and Robotic Control and the Journal of Applied Intelligence. He is the series editor for the MIT Press book series Intelligent Robotics and Autonomous Agents. Professor Arkin was elected to serve consecutive 3-year terms on the Administrative Committee of the IEEE Robotics and Automation Society in 1999 and 2002, and he also served on the NSF’s Robotics Council for the 2001-2002 terms. In 2001, he received the Outstanding Senior Faculty Research Award from the College of Computing at Georgia Tech. He was elected a fellow of the IEEE in 2003 and is a member of the American Associa- tion for Artificial Intelligence (AAAI) and ACM. DONALD M. CHIARULLI is a professor of computer science and computer engineering at the Univer- sity of Pittsburgh. His expertise includes experimental computer architecture as well as optics and optoelectronics for dense interconnection networks. Within the context of building experimental sys- tems, his work also includes a significant effort in the development of new design tools for the modeling and simulation of these systems. Dr. Chiarulli also holds patents in computer and related optical and optoelectronic hardware. He received his Ph.D. in computer science from Louisiana State University. PHILLIP COLELLA (see above, under Armor and Armaments Panel) JACK DONGARRA is University Distinguished Professor of Computer Science in the Department of Computer Science at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville, and a Distinguished Research Staff mem- ber in the Computer Science and Mathematics Division at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. He is also an adjunct professor in computer science at Rice University. Dr. Dongarra’s expertise is in high- performance computing, and he specializes in numerical algorithms in linear algebra, parallel comput- ing, use of advanced-computer architectures, programming methodology, and tools for parallel comput- ers. He is a fellow of the AAAS, ACM, and IEEE and a member of the NAE. Dr. Dongarra received his Ph.D. in applied mathematics from the University of New Mexico. JOEL S. ENGEL is an NAE member and the president of JSE Consulting. His expertise includes the theory and design of cellular telecommunications systems, wireless communications, high-speed data communications, video compression, and interactive video. Dr. Engel is a senior executive with more than 40 years of experience in the communications industry. He is a retired former chief technology officer of one of the Regional Bell companies, where he was responsible for all aspects of the specifica- tion and management of the network technology. Prior to that, he spent 20 years at Bell Laboratories, where he headed the team that developed the first cellular telephone system architecture. For this achievement, Dr. Engel was awarded the Alexander Graham Bell Medal of the IEEE and the National Medal of Technology. He holds a Ph.D. in electrical engineering from the Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn. 

74 APPENDIX B BRANT FOOTE, an expert in mesoscale meteorology, is a senior scientist and director of the Research Applications Program at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR). His research interests include hail, weather modification, radar meteorology, and short-range forecasting; his specialties are severe local storms and cloud physics. Since starting at NCAR in 1970, he has served as a project leader with the National Hail Research Experiment and as a senior scientist in the Field Observing Facility and the Mesoscale and Microscale Meteorology Division. He also has served as editor for the Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, as a member of several national and international committees, and as the leader of a number of large field programs. Dr. Foote received his Ph.D. in atmospheric science from the University of Arizona, and he is a fellow of the American Meteorological Society. JOSEPH HALPERN is professor and director of the Cognitive Studies Program at Cornell University. His research is concerned with representing and reasoning about knowledge and uncertainty in multiagent systems. The work uses tools from logic (particularly modal logic and the idea of possible- worlds semantics), probability theory, distributed systems, game theory, and artificial intelligence, and it contributes to the understanding of these areas as well. Some themes of his current research include defining useful notions of explanation in probabilistic systems, providing foundations for useful quali- tative notions of decision theory, and applying ideas of decision theory to constructing algorithms in asynchronous distributed systems. BRUCE B. HICKS is director of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s Air Re- sources Laboratory. His expertise is in atmospheric physics and meteorology, and he has most recently performed research in micrometeorology, air-surface exchange, and planetary boundary layer studies. Before taking his current position in 1989, Mr. Hicks served in a number of positions, including service as director of the Atmospheric Turbulence and Diffusion Division of the Air Resources Laboratory in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, and as a meteorologist and section head in atmospheric physics at the Argonne National Laboratory. Earlier, he was a senior research scientist at the Division of Atmospheric Physics of the Australian Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization. Mr. Hicks is a gradu- ate of the Universities of Tasmania and Melbourne in Australia and a member of the Royal Meteorologi- cal Society, the AMS, and the American Geophysical Union. FRANK A. HORRIGAN retired as the technical adviser of the Technology Development Group for Sensors and Electronic Systems at Raytheon Systems. He is an expert in radar and sensor technologies. Dr. Horrigan, a theoretical physicist, has more than 40 years of experience in advanced electronics, electro-optics, and computer systems. He has a wide general knowledge of all technologies relevant to military systems, as well as extensive experience in planning and managing independent R&D invest- ments and in projecting future technology growth directions. Dr. Horrigan is a member of the APS and the AAAS, and he also serves on the National Research Council’s Naval Studies Board. He holds a Ph.D. in theoretical physics from Harvard University. LESLIE P. KAELBLING (panel member in 2003) is a professor of computer science and engineering at MIT and a member of the MIT Artificial Intelligence Laboratory. Dr. Kaelbling has extensive expertise in artificial intelligence, including software agents, factories, and collections of transportation assets. She is the author of numerous papers, five book chapters, and one book and the editor of another book. She also has been an active member of a number of professional societies and has been involved with related professional journals. Before coming to MIT, Dr. Kaelbling held positions at Brown University, 

APPENDIX B 75 Harvard University, Teleos Research, SRI International, and Stanford University. She holds a Ph.D. in computer science from Stanford University. DANIEL E. KODITSCHEK is a professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at the University of Michigan. His current research focuses on the following areas: sensor- driven, dynamically dexterous robot manipulation (developing machine capability to react with dexter- ity to the environment); learning piecewise linear functional approximants (approximating an unknown function from a finite set of discrete input-output data); computational neuromechanics (developing novel and experimentally refutable hypotheses about the control strategies in insect locomotion, toward increased understanding of natural strategies in an attempt to impose control over live-animal locomo- tion); and the Computational Neuromechanics Hexapod Project, which aims to develop a six-legged robot, capable of achieving a wide variety of dynamically dexterous tasks, such as walking, running, leaping over obstacles, and climbing stairs, with a single autonomous platform. PETER KOGGE is the associate dean of engineering for research and also holds the McCourtney Chair in Computer Science and Engineering (CSE) at the University of Notre Dame. Before joining Notre Dame in 1994, he was with IBM, Federal Systems Division, and was appointed an IEEE fellow in 1990 and an IBM fellow in 1993. In 1977, he was a visiting professor in the Electrical and Computer Engineering Department at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst. From 1977 through 1994, he was also an adjunct professor in the Computer Science Department of the State University of New York at Binghamton. In the summers since 1997, he has been a distinguished visiting scientist at the Center for Integrated Space Microsystems at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). He is also the Research Thrust Leader for Architecture in Notre Dame’s Center for Nano Science and Technology. For the 2000-2001 academic year, he was the Interim Schubmehl-Prein Chairman of the CSE Department at Notre Dame. Since the fall of 2003, he has also been a concurrent professor of electrical engineering. His research interests are in advanced computer architectures using unconventional technologies such as Processing- in-Memory and nanotechnologies such as Quantum dot Cellular Automata (QCA). VIJAY KUMAR received his M.Sc. and Ph.D. in mechanical engineering from the Ohio State Univer- sity in 1985 and 1987, respectively. He has been on the faculty in the Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, with a secondary appointment in the Department of Computer and Information Science, at the University of Pennsylvania since 1987. He is currently a full professor and the deputy dean for research in the School of Engineering and Applied Science. Dr. Kumar also directs the GRASP Laboratory, a multidisciplinary robotics and perception laboratory with 8 faculty and 50 students and staff. He is a fellow of the ASME, a senior member of the IEEE, and a member of Robotics International, Society of Manufacturing Engineers. He has served on the editorial board of the Journal of the Franklin Institute, the IEEE Transactions on Robotics and Automation, and the ASME Journal of Mechanical Design. He is the recipient of the 1991 NSF Presidential Young Investigator award, the 1997 Freudenstein Award for significant accomplishments in mechanisms and robotics, and the 2004 Kayamori Automation Best Paper Award. Dr. Kumar is an expert on multirobot control, sensing, and coordination and has extensive experience working on theoretical and applied projects in robotics. He has led DARPA projects on multirobot control and coordination (MARS, MARS 2020), vision-based control and navigation for DARPA Tactical Mobile Robotics (TMR), Army Research Office (ARO) Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative (MURI) efforts, and U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and NSF traineeships for graduate education. 

76 APPENDIX B MITCHELL P. MARCUS holds the RCA Chair of Artificial Intelligence in the Department of Com- puter and Information Science as well as an appointment in the Department of Linguistics at the University of Pennsylvania. His expertise is in artificial intelligence, with a primary focus on statistical natural language processing and the preparation of annotated corpora for use in training statistical algorithms. He was the principal investigator for the Penn Treebank Project. He is a fellow of the AAAI and a past president of the Association for Computational Linguistics. Dr. Marcus holds a Ph.D. in electrical engineering and computer science from MIT. RICHARD T. McNIDER is professor emeritus of mathematics, professor emeritus of atmospheric science, and distinguished professor emeritus of science at the University of Alabama in Huntsville. His expertise includes meteorology and mathematical modeling of geophysical phenomena, with areas of application ranging from air pollution modeling, to ocean modeling, to thunderstorm initiation, to model assimilation of satellite data. He is a fellow of the American Meteorological Society and previously served as director of the National Space Science and Technology Center. Dr. McNider has received numerous prestigious honors and awards and has consulted for a number of companies, national labora- tories, and universities. He received his Ph.D. in environmental science from the University of Virginia. JIMMY K. OMURA is an NAE member and retired chief technical officer of Cylink Corporation, a company that he founded. His expertise includes the analysis and design of communications systems, coding theory, data compression and rate distortion theory, digital radio techniques, spread spectrum systems, satellite communications systems, and cryptography. Dr. Omura is coauthor of the textbooks Principles of Digital Communication and Coding and Spread Spectrum Communications, Volumes I, II, and III. He is also a fellow of the IEEE. He received his Ph.D. from Stanford University. CHARLES F. REINHOLTZ, Alumni Distinguished Professor of Mechanical Engineering at the Vir- ginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, earned his Ph.D. from the University of Florida. He is the coauthor of Mechanisms and Dynamics of Machinery, a popular textbook published by John Wiley. He holds two U.S. patents and has authored or coauthored more than 100 papers in the areas of kinematics, robotics, and unmanned vehicle systems. Professor Reinholtz is a recipient of the Alumni Teaching Award and the William E. Wine Award for outstanding teaching, and he is past chair of Virginia Tech’s Academy of Teaching Excellence. He is a former holder of the W.S. White Chair for Innovation in Engineering Education and former assistant department head in mechanical engineering. He also has received the NSF Presidential Young Investigator Award and the ASME National Faculty Advisor Award. Professor Reinholtz has served as faculty adviser to the Virginia Tech student section of the ASME since 1988. He is also the adviser to the Virginia Tech Mini Baja Team (3 years), Human Powered Vehicle Team (3 years), Autonomous Vehicle Team (9 years), and DARPA Grand Challenge Team (1 year). DENNIS W. THOMSON (see Board sketches, above) DAVID WALTZ is director of the Center for Computational Learning Systems at Columbia University. Before going to Columbia, Dr. Waltz was chief science officer of NEC Laboratories America (2002- 2003), president of the NEC Research Institute (2000-2002), and vice president for computer science research (1993-2000). He was president of the AAAI from 1997 to 1999 and a board member of the Computing Research Association from 2000 to 2004. He is a fellow of the ACM, a fellow of the AAAI, a senior member of the IEEE, and former chair of ACM SIGART (Special Interest Group on Artificial 

APPENDIX B 77 Intelligence). Before moving to NEC, Dr. Waltz directed the data mining and text retrieval effort at Thinking Machines Corporation for 9 years, following 11 years on the faculty at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. While at Thinking Machines, Dr. Waltz also was a professor of computer science at Brandeis University. He received all of his degrees from MIT. His thesis on computer vision originated the field of constraint propagation, and, with Craig Stanfill, he originated the field of memory- based reasoning. His research interests have also included massively parallel information retrieval, data mining, learning, and automatic classification with applications in protein structure prediction, and natural language processing. Sensors and Electron Devices Panel DWIGHT C. STREIT, Chair (see Board sketches, above) HENRY E. BASS is the F.A.P. Barnard Distinguished Professor in the Physics Department and director of the National Center for Physical Acoustics at the University of Mississippi. Dr. Bass is a widely recognized expert in acoustics, with experience that includes research in the fields of physical acoustics and molecular energy transfer in gases. Since joining the physics faculty in 1970, Dr. Bass has served in many positions at the University of Mississippi. He also has served in an advisory capacity for a number of organizations. He is a fellow of the Acoustical Society of America (ASA) and a member of many other highly respected organizations, including Sigma Pi Sigma, Phi Kappa Phi, Sigma Xi, the Physical Acoustics Technical Committee of the ASA, and NATO Research Technical Group TG 25. Dr. Bass received his Ph.D. in physics from Oklahoma State University. ROBERT W. BRODERSEN (see Board sketches, above) ELTON J. CAIRNS is a professor of chemical engineering at the University of California, Berkeley, and head of the Berkeley Electrochemical Research Center of Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. He served as associate laboratory director from 1978 to 1996. In the field of electrochemistry, he has expertise in electrochemical energy conversion, thermodynamics, transport phenomena, molten salts, liquid metals, and surface chemistry. Previously, Dr. Cairns held positions with the GM Research Laboratories, where he was assistant head of the Electrochemistry Department; the Argonne National Laboratory, where he established molten salt battery and fuel cell programs; and the General Electric Research Laboratory, where he developed a variety of fuel cells. He has received a number of awards throughout his distinguished career. He is a fellow (and past president, 1989-1990) of the Electrochemi- cal Society and the American Institute of Chemists and a member of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers, the AAAS, ACS, and the International Society of Electrochemistry (president, 1999-2000). Dr. Cairns has served on many governmental advisory committees, including the National Battery Advisory Committee and the NRC Committee on Electric Power for the Dismounted Soldier. He received his Ph.D. in chemical engineering from the University of California, Berkeley. L. RICHARD CARLEY is the STMicroelectronics Professor of Engineering in the Electrical and Computer Engineering Department at Carnegie Mellon University. His expertise includes the design of analog circuits and systems for mixed-signal integrated circuits (ICs), the development of computer- aided design tools to support the analog IC design flow, and the design of integrated microelectro- mechanical systems. Dr. Carley served as the associate director for electronic subsystems for the Data Storage Systems Center at Carnegie Mellon from 1990 to 1999. He has also worked for MIT’s Lincoln 

78 APPENDIX B Laboratory and has been a consultant for numerous companies. In addition, he was a cofounder of NeoLinear, an analog design automation tool provider, and a cofounder of IC Mechanics, a MEMS IC company. Dr. Carley has been granted 12 patents, and he has authored or coauthored more than 120 technical papers and more than 20 books and book chapters. He has won several prestigious awards and is a fellow of the IEEE. He received his Ph.D. in electrical engineering from MIT. ARTHUR GUENTHER is a leading expert on directed-energy weaponry, including lasers, microwaves, particle beams, and pulsed-power technology. His work in nuclear weapons simulation was concerned with the response of materials to adverse environments. Prior to joining the University of New Mexico, Dr. Guenther served as chief scientist for the Air Force Weapons Laboratory (1974-1988), as chief scientist for advanced defense technologies at Los Alamos National Laboratory, and as scientific ad- viser for laboratory development at Sandia National Laboratories (1991-1997). He is the recipient of numerous awards from the IEEE, the Laser Institute of America, and state and federal governments. Dr. Guenther was science adviser to three governors of New Mexico (1988-1993) and is a fellow of the Optical Society of America, the Laser Institute of America, the IEEE, the International Society for Optical Engineers (SPIE), and the Directed Energy Professional Society. Dr. Guenther is an active consultant to Department of Defense organizations, Department of Energy national laboratories, and other groups. He is past president of the International Commission for Optics and a member of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Ural Division). ALFRED O. HERO is a professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, the Department of Biomedical Engineering, and the Department of Statistics at the University of Michi- gan. His expertise includes statistical signal and image processing, detection and estimation theory, bioinformatics, and tomographical imaging. He has held visiting positions at the University of Nice, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Télécommunications, Scientific Research Laboratories of the Ford Motor Company, Ecole Nationale des Techniques Avancées, Ecole Supérieure d’Electricité, and MIT Lincoln Laboratory. In addition, throughout his career, Dr. Hero has served the IEEE in various leadership roles and has received a number of prestigious honors, awards, and fellowships, including an IEEE Signal Processing Society Meritorious Service Award and the IEEE Third Millennium Medal. He is a fellow of the IEEE and was named a William Clay Ford Fellow by Ford Motor Company in 1992. He was chair of the USNC URSI (United States National Committee of the International Union of Radio Science) Commission C and is president-elect of the IEEE Signal Processing Society. He received his Ph.D. in electrical engineering from Princeton University. NARAIN G. HINGORANI is an independent consultant and a member of the NAE. His expertise includes high power conditioning and electronics. Dr. Hingorani established a private consulting service after 20 years of progressive advancement at the Electric Power Research Institute. He also has served in a number of other capacities, including chair of the CIGRE (International Council on Large Electric Systems) Study Committee 14 (High Voltage DC Links and AC Power Electronic Equipment), member of the board of directors of the IEEE Power Engineering Society, and member of the IEEE Foundation. He has authored more than 150 papers and articles and has received prestigious awards for his outstand- ing work, including the Uno Lamm Award from the IEEE Power Engineering Society (1985) and the Lamme Gold Medal from the IEEE (1996). He also is a fellow of the IEEE. Dr. Hingorani holds a Ph.D. in electrical engineering from the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology. 

APPENDIX B 79 KEITH H. JACKSON is the associate director of the Center for X-ray Optics in the Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Dr. Jackson’s expertise is in semiconductor fabrica- tion. He holds a Ph.D. in physics from Stanford University. Dr. Jackson is a member of the APS, IEEE, Sigma Xi, SPIE, and the National Society of Black Physicists, and he is a member of the Technical Advisory Board of the Center for the Study of Terrestrial and Extraterrestrial Atmospheres at Howard University. LINDA P.B. KATEHI is the John A. Edwardson Dean of Engineering and a professor of electrical and computer engineering at Purdue University. Before joining Purdue in 2002, she had joined the faculty of the Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department of the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, in 1984 as an assistant professor and moved to the levels of associate professor and professor. She served in many administrative positions, including director of graduate programs in the College of Engineering, elected member of the College Executive Committee, associate dean for graduate educa- tion, and associate dean for academic affairs. Her expertise includes microwave, millimeter printed circuits; the development and characterization of micromachined circuits for microwave, millimeter- wave, and submillimeter-wave applications, including MEMS switches, high-Q evanescent mode filters and MEMS devices for circuit reconfigurability. Dean Katehi has received many prestigious awards throughout her career. She is a fellow of the IEEE and a member of IEEE Antennas and Propogation Society (AP-S), IEEE Microwave Theory and Techniques Society (MTT-S), Sigma Xi, Hybrid Micro- electronics, and URSI Commission D. She was a member of AP-S ADCOM and is serving currently on the IEEE MTT-S ADCOM and on a number of advisory committees to NSF, NASA, and the DOD. Also, Dean Katehi has been an associate editor for the IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques and the IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation. She has been the author or coauthor of 450 technical papers and holds 11 patents. She received the B.S.E.E. degree from the National Technical University of Athens, Greece, and the M.S.E.E. and Ph.D. degrees from the Univer- sity of California at Los Angeles. TIMOTHY N. KRABACH is program manager of the Life Detection Science and Technology Program Office at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. His JPL activities include oversight of the laboratory’s develop- ments of in situ sensors and nanotechnology for planetary missions, NASA crewed vehicles, and NASA’s aviation security programs, as well as national security applications. Dr. Krabach has an extensive background in both devices and systems; he was the NASA lead for the core technology program in Breakthrough Sensor and Instrument Technologies, and he is also the NASA-designated lead for Advanced Miniaturization and for the Microspacecraft Grand Challenge of the National Nanotechnology Initiative. Throughout his career, Dr. Krabach has received numerous awards for his technical achievements and leadership. He received his Ph.D. in physics from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. KAREN W. MARKUS has a background in business and technology management as well as technical expertise in MEMS technologies. She is currently the president of Zeus Strategies, LLC, a consulting company focused on corporate technology strategies, mergers and acquisitions, and disruptive technolo- gies. From 2000 to 2003, she was vice president of technology strategy for JDS Uniphase Corporation. Prior to that, Ms. Markus served as vice president and chief technical officer for Cronos Integrated Microsystems, Inc., a MEMS research and development company acquired by JDS Uniphase in 2000. She served as chair of the board and executive director of the HI-MEMS Alliance—Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, for the period 1993 to 1997, and from 1992 to 1999 was director of the MEMS 

80 APPENDIX B Technology Applications Center at Microelectronics Center of North Carolina (MCNC), a family of private, nonprofit corporations created to drive technology-based economic development and job cre- ation throughout North Carolina. From 1984 to 1989, Ms. Markus was a staff engineer for TRW Space and Defense Sector. She has been a member of several other NRC study groups, including the Commit- tee on Advanced Materials and Fabrication Methods for Microelectromechanical Systems. Ms. Markus has a B.S. in electrical engineering from the University of Southern California at Los Angeles and has participated in a number of management training programs, including the Executive Program in Corpo- rate Strategy at the MIT Sloan School of Management. RICHARD S. MULLER (panel chair in 2003; see Board sketches, above) DAVID C. MUNSON, JR., is chair of the Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. He was formerly a professor in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. His research interests are in the general area of signal and image processing, with current work focused on radar imaging, passive millimeter-wave imaging, lidar imaging, tomography, and interferometry. He has held summer posi- tions in digital communications and speech processing, and served as a consultant in synthetic aperture radar to the Lockheed Palo Alto Research Laboratory. Dr. Munson is a fellow of the IEEE. Among numerous other honors and awards, he has received the Society Award from the IEEE Signal Processing Society and an IEEE Third Millennium Medal. He is a former president of the IEEE Signal Processing Society and the founding editor in chief of the IEEE Transactions on Image Processing. He currently is serving on the editorial board of The Proceedings of the IEEE and chairing the IEEE Kilby Signal Processing Medal Committee. Dr. Munson received his Ph.D. in electrical engineering from Princeton University. P. PAUL RUDEN is a professor in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the University of Minnesota. His expertise includes electronic properties of large-gap semiconductor mate- rials and devices, polarization effects in III-V heterostructures, properties of organic semiconductor materials and devices, modeling of field-effect transistors, modeling of photodetectors and related optoelectronic devices, and quantum effects in nanometer-scale semiconductor structures. In addition, Dr. Ruden also has consulted for Honeywell, Inc., the Naval Research Laboratory, and the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL). JOHN F. SCHULTZ is a senior program manager with Battelle, managing infrared research and appli- cations programs at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). His PNNL activities include analyzing the chemical signatures of nuclear and chemical weapons production processes, developing second-generation spectroscopic chemical detection techniques, and developing quantum cascade lasers to support these techniques. Prior to joining Battelle in 1998, Dr. Schultz worked at the LANL and served as a field artillery officer and research program manager in the U.S. Army. At Los Alamos, Dr. Schultz led the Department of Energy’s CALIOPE CO2 Differential Absorption Lidar (DIAL) project. In the Army, his duties included serving as the Army’s technical manager for the Strategic Defense Initiative’s Free Electron Laser program. A graduate of the U.S. Military Academy at West Point, Dr. Schultz holds a Ph.D. in physics from Stanford University. He is also a current member of the ARLTAB Survivability and Lethality Analysis Panel. 

APPENDIX B 81 FRITZ STEUDEL is a consultant to and former employee of Raytheon Company. Mr. Steudel has had a distinguished career as a system designer and architect of major phased-array radar systems, making contributions to such systems as PAVE PAWS, BMEWS, Cobra Dane, and Cobra Judy. He also has been the system architect for the Ballistic Missile Defense Organization’s (BMDO’s) ground-based radar family of radars. One specific contribution that he has made to the field is the capability for a phased-array radar to efficiently track thousands of targets. Mr. Steudel has been awarded six patents, with another pending; he was the recipient of Raytheon’s first Excellence in Technology Award, and he is a fellow of the IEEE. He also received the IEEE Dennis J. Picard Medal for Radar Technology and Applications (2001). In addition, he has participated in a number of advisory studies, including studies by the Defense Science Board. Mr. Steudel holds an M.S.E.E. degree from Northeastern University. Soldier Systems Panel DOUGLAS H. HARRIS, Chair (see Board sketches, above) DONALD B. CHAFFIN is a member of the NAE, the R.G. Snyder Distinguished University Professor, and the G. Lawton and Louise G. Johnson Professor of Industrial and Operations Engineering, Biomedi- cal Engineering, and Occupational Health at the University of Michigan. He was elected into the NAE “for fundamental engineering contributions to and leadership in occupational biomechanics and indus- trial ergonomics.” Software resulting from his work is used in companies and universities throughout the world to evaluate the risk of injuries due to overexertion in the performance of a variety of common manual tasks, and to assist in designing workplaces and vehicles to better accommodate a diverse population. Dr. Chaffin is the founder and director of the Human Motion Simulation Laboratory at the University of Michigan. This laboratory is currently supported by GM, Ford, DaimlerChrysler, Interna- tional Truck, Lockheed Martin, the U.S. Postal Service, and the U.S. Army’s Tactical Command to develop and implement software modules to predict human motions and biomechanical limitations in computer-aided design simulations that would affect the design of future vehicle and workplace sys- tems. Dr. Chaffin has received numerous prestigious awards and has had 105 peer-reviewed journal articles and 23 book chapters published. He has coauthored five books, the latest entitled Digital Human Modeling for Workplace and Vehicle Design. He received his Ph.D. in industrial engineering from the University of Michigan. DENNIS G. FAUST is the training lead for a major defense systems development and integration program at Lockheed Martin’s Management and Data Systems Division; he has an extensive back- ground in education and training. Dr. Faust has applied his education to the broad areas of personnel and instructional psychology, with a focus on training and education, including related performance assess- ment, research, integrated logistics support, and human factors. His experience includes work with the U.S. military services, IBM, RCA, the Federal Aviation Administration, the U.S. Department of State, and schools and colleges. Dr. Faust is active in professional groups such as the American Psychological Association and the Potomac Chapter, Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, and he has served as contributor to publications such as Encyclopedia of Psychology (John Wiley). He received his Ed.D. in counseling and educational psychology, with supporting fields in research and psychometrics, from the University of Virginia. MARTHA GRABOWSKI (panel member in 2003) is professor and director of the Information Systems program in the Business Department at LeMoyne College in Syracuse, New York, and research profes- 

82 APPENDIX B sor in the Department of Decision Sciences and Engineering Systems at Rensselaer Polytechnic Insti- tute. Her research interests include the impact of technology on people and systems, embedded intelli- gent real-time systems, human and organizational error, and risk mitigation in safety-critical settings. Her research teams have developed and evaluated a series of embedded intelligent real-time ship’s piloting systems and have undertaken a series of major risk assessments over the past 10 years. She is currently investigating the impact of new security technology on vessels, operators, and the marine transportation system on the St. Lawrence Seaway, as well as the role of human and organizational error in large-scale medical systems. Dr. Grabowski is a member of the American Bureau of Shipping. She also serves on the NRC’s Transportation Research Board/Marine Board, as well as on the NRC’s standing Committee on Human Factors. She is currently chairing an NRC Marine Board committee examining shipboard display of Automatic Identification System information. Earlier in her career, Dr. Grabowski served as a shipboard merchant marine officer and spent 10 years at General Electric as a marketing and advanced programs manager. Her last position at GE was as program integration man- ager for information systems and artificial intelligence research programs at GE’s Corporate Research and Development Center. She received her doctorate from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. ROBERT T. HENNESSY, president of Monterey Technologies, has been involved in applied behav- ioral research and development since receiving his Ph.D. in experimental psychology from the Pennsyl- vania State University in 1972. His primary areas of interest are vision, perception, and human perfor- mance. He has performed and managed numerous projects on visual displays, simulation, and military workstation design, primarily for aviation systems. In 1980, Dr. Hennessy became the first study director for the NRC’s Committee on Human Factors. He is the author of more than 40 scientific articles and technical reports. He is a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. ROBERT A. HENNING is an associate professor of industrial/organizational psychology in the Psy- chology Department at the University of Connecticut. He specializes in human factors and applied psychophysiology and is currently the program director of a doctoral training program in occupational health psychology sponsored by the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). He received his B.S. in psychology, M.S. in biomedical engineering, and Ph.D. in industrial engineering from the University of Wisconsin-Madison. Dr. Henning has performed research on work patterns and schedules, social interaction and teamwork, comparisons of team and individual performance, com- puter-supported cooperative work, human interaction with automated systems, behavioral toxicology, and the social psychophysiology of teamwork. He currently serves as president of Psychophysiology in Ergonomics, a technical group of the International Ergonomics Association. He is a board-certified professional ergonomist and former NRC/NIOSH postdoctoral fellow at NIOSH. BONNIE ELIZABETH JOHN is an associate professor in the Human-Computer Interaction Institute, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University. Dr. John also is affiliated with the Psychol- ogy Department at Carnegie Mellon. She has a background in mechanical engineering and cognitive psychology and works within a unified theory of cognition to develop models of human performance that are applicable to the design of computer systems. In addition to her primary research interest in cognitive modeling, Dr. John is also currently working on the links between usability and software architecture. She also serves on the NRC’s Committee on Human Factors. JOHN D. LEE is an associate professor in the Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering at the University of Iowa. He received a B.A. in psychology and B.S. in mechanical engineering from 

APPENDIX B 83 Lehigh University and an M.S. in industrial engineering and Ph.D. in mechanical engineering from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. His experience also includes positions as researcher and deputy director at the Battelle Human Factors Transportation Center. Dr. Lee has 10 years of research and consulting experience aimed at matching human capabilities to the demands of technologically intensive systems. This research addresses human error and performance in a broad range of application domains from process control and the maritime industry to driving. In the driving domain, he has been deeply involved in research addressing in-vehicle information systems. This research, involving focus groups, development of analytic techniques, field studies of drivers, and simulator-based experiments, has resulted in human factors guidelines for in-vehicle information systems ranging from navigation devices to collision-avoidance systems. In the area of process control, Dr. Lee is investigating the factors governing appropriate reliance on automation. ERIC R. MUTH is an associate professor in the Psychology Department at Clemson University. His current work focuses on stress in high-workload environments, particularly the stress of motion and acceleration and the effect of stress on the gastrointestinal system. He currently has 11 first-author publications dealing with a focus on nausea and the electrogastrogram (EGG, a noninvasive measure of gastric-myoelectrical activity). He is an expert in using the EGG to study nausea and motion sickness, and he led an effort to develop a nausea profile questionnaire that has been used in studies of chemo- therapy-induced nausea, motion sickness, and functional dyspepsia. Before joining the Clemson faculty, Dr. Muth served as an aerospace experimental psychologist at the Naval Aerospace Medical Research Laboratory in Pensacola, Florida, completing studies of naval significance related to night vision, motion adaptation syndrome, and the use of flight simulators in the shipboard environment. He received his Ph.D. in psychology from the Pennsylvania State University. FRANK E. RITTER received his B.S.E.E. (with honors) from the University of Illinois at Urbana- Champagne and his M.S. in psychology and Ph.D. in artificial intelligence and psychology from Carnegie Mellon University. He has been an associate professor in information science and technology at the Pennsylvania State University since 1999, as well as having appointments in psychology and in com- puter science and engineering. He has created software, tutorials, and methodology for cognitive modeling, particularly with the Soar and ACT-R architectures. Dr. Ritter has published widely in the areas of cognitive modeling, artificial intelligence, and psychology. He is on the editorial board of Human Factors and is the series editor for Advances in Cognitive Models and Architectures (Oxford University Press). Dr. Ritter’s research has been funded by organizations including the Office of Naval Research, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, the Defense Evaluation and Research Agency (United Kingdom), and the U.K. Joint Council Initiative on Cognitive Science and Human Computer Interaction, as well as corporations in the United States and Europe. Survivability and Lethality Analysis Panel DAVID R. FERGUSON, Chair (see Board sketches, above) ROMESH C. BATRA is the Clifton C. Garvin Professor of Engineering Science and Mechanics at the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. He has extensive experience in computational mechanics (with well over 200 publications), including studies of penetration and impact. His research interests include computational solid mechanics, adiabatic shear banding, penetration and impact prob- lems, metal forming, and “smart” materials. Dr. Batra is a fellow of the American Society of Mechanical 

84 APPENDIX B Engineers, the American Society for Engineering Education, the Society of Engineering Science, and the American Academy of Mechanics. He is the recipient of the Humboldt Award for Senior Scientists (1992) and the Eric Reissner Medal (2000) from the International Society of Computational Engineering and Sciences for contributions to the mechanics of penetration. He was the president of the SES for the 1996 calendar year. Dr. Batra received his Ph.D. in mechanics from the Johns Hopkins University. JOHN D. CHRISTIE, a senior fellow at the Logistics Management Institute, has an extensive back- ground in Department of Defense (DOD) acquisition policy and program analysis. From 1989 to 1993, he was the director of acquisition policy and program integration for the Office of the Under Secretary of Defense (Acquisition). In this role, he directed the preparation of a comprehensive revision of all defense acquisition policies and procedures, resulting in the cancellation and consolidation of 500 prior separate issuances; he also prepared decision papers on major acquisition programs and advised the under secretary on resource allocation issues. During 1976 and 1977, as the assistant administrator for energy information and analysis at the Federal Energy Administration, he was responsible for forecast- ing supply and demand for all fuels and consuming sectors of the U.S. economy. From 1966 to 1976, Dr. Christie served in a number of positions in the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Systems Analysis (renamed Program Analysis and Evaluation), where his last assignment was as principal deputy assistant secretary. In that capacity, he provided advice to various secretaries of defense on acquisition programs and other major DOD resource allocation issues. He has served on numerous DOD advisory committees and a number of NRC committees. STEPHEN D. CROCKER (panel member in 2003) is the chief executive officer and cofounder of Shinkuro, building peer-to-peer collaboration products and systems. Dr. Crocker was a cofounder and chief executive officer of Longitude Systems, which built back-office software for communications service providers, and he was one of the founders and chief technology officer of CyberCash, which pioneered payments over the Internet. In the late 1960s and early 1970s, he was part of the team that developed the protocols for the ARPAnet and laid the foundation for today’s Internet. He also organized the Network Working Group, which was the forerunner of the modern Internet Engineering Task Force, and he initiated the Request for Comment series of notes through which protocol designs are docu- mented and shared. Dr. Crocker has been a program manager at the Advanced Research Projects Agency (now DARPA), a senior researcher at the University of Southern California’s Information Sciences Institute, the founder and director of the Computer Science Laboratory at the Aerospace Corporation, and a vice president at Trusted Information Systems. Dr. Crocker received his Ph.D. in computer science from the University of California at Los Angeles. For his work on the development of the original protocols and processes for protocol development, Dr. Crocker received the IEEE Internet Award (2002). MARJORIEANN ERICKSONKIRK is an expert in the development of physics-based models of mate- rial behavior in the prediction of material failure, and performing risk assessment. Dr. EricksonKirk is president of Phoenix Engineering Associates, Inc., and an adjunct professor of mechanical engineering at the University of Maryland. She conducts research and consults with industry regarding fracture safety-assessment methodology for steel and other alloy components. She provides these services in the areas of assessing the integrity and durability of civil, mechanical, and marine structures fabricated from metallic materials. Specific work that Dr. EricksonKirk has performed includes developing and using integrated, predictive models of material behavior for the purpose of assessing the current status and predicting the remaining safe life, under known or expected operating and accident-event conditions, for 

APPENDIX B 85 nuclear pressure vessels and other alloy applications, including fracture safety assessment and life extension of aging aircraft and pipelines. Dr. EricksonKirk received her Ph.D. in materials science from the University of Virginia. ARTHUR GUENTHER (panel member in 2003; see above, under Sensors and Electron Devices Panel) DANIEL N. HELD (panel member in 2003) is the director and chief architect for networked strike in the Electronic Systems Sector of Northrop Grumman. Previously, he served as the director and chief scientist for the Joint Strike Fighter program. Before coming to his present position, he was the vice president of research, development, and advanced systems at Westinghouse’s Norden Systems Divi- sion, where he was responsible for developing new radar systems and improving existing systems. He also spent 11 years at JPL as deputy manager of the group responsible for all synthetic aperture radar work conducted by NASA, and he was a principal architect of the Venus-orbiting Magellan radar. Dr. Held is the author of more than 50 technical papers and has received numerous honors and awards for his work involving sensor systems technology. He also currently serves on the Air Force Scientific Advisory Board, formerly served on the Naval Research Advisory Committee, and recently participated in a Defense Science Board Task Force, as well as serving on numerous NRC committees. Dr. Held received his Sc.D.E.E. degree from Columbia University. MELVIN F. KANNINEN is an independent consultant and a member of the National Academy of Engineering. He is internationally recognized for his contributions to basic research in structural me- chanics, materials behavior, and fracture mechanics and for his applications of these technologies to pipelines, nuclear power plants, and aircraft structures. He has had more than 30 years of research and development experience, including service at the Stanford Research Institute, Battelle, and the South- west Research Institute. He is currently providing independent engineering consulting services to a number of industrial and governmental organizations. Dr. Kanninen has completed more than 180 technical publications, edited 6 books, and coauthored the well-regarded textbook Advanced Fracture Mechanics. RICHARD LLOYD is a senior principal engineer fellow at Raytheon Company. He is recognized around the world as a leader in antiballistic missile warhead design and lethality analysis. Mr. Lloyd has written two best-selling books on these topics for the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronau- tics; both texts are taught at the Naval Postgraduate School. He has assembled a team at Raytheon that is highly skilled in performing hydrocode damage modeling, chemical/biological ground effects, endgame lethality analysis, and explosive dynamics and hypervelocity impact modeling. TERESA F. LUNT, an expert in information security/information warfare, is a principal scientist and manager of the Computer Science Laboratory at the Palo Alto Research Center (PARC). Before joining PARC, she was the associate director of the Computer Science Laboratory at SRI International and an assistant director and program manager at DARPA. At SRI International, she was responsible for building new research programs in distributed computing. At DARPA, Ms. Lunt developed and man- aged the Information Survivability program, was instrumental in developing the Information Assurance program, and served as DARPA’s point of contact for coordination with the National Security Agency and other DARPA programs. She is a member of IEEE, the IEEE Computer Society, the Association for Computing Machinery, the International Federation for Information Working Group 11.3 on database security and Working Group 10.4 on reliability, and of the IEEE Computer Society Technical Commit- 

86 APPENDIX B tee on Security and Privacy. In addition, she is a member of the Air Force Scientific Advisory Board and the recipient of a number of prestigious awards. Ms. Lunt received her M.A. degree in applied math- ematics from Indiana University. JOHN McHUGH is a senior member of the technical staff at the CERT Coordination Center (CERT/ CC) of the Software Engineering Institute at Carnegie Mellon University. He has broad experience in computer security as a researcher and as a consultant to government and industry. Dr. McHugh is a former chair of the IEEE Computer Society Technical Committee on Security and Privacy and the author of numerous papers in the computer security area. He also has developed tutorials in formal verification and covert channel analysis, and his academic research and teaching are in the fields of computer security and software engineering. Dr. McHugh is a member of IEEE and the IEEE Computer Society. He received his Ph.D. in computer science from the University of Texas. MAX D. MORRIS is a professor in the Departments of Statistics and of Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering at Iowa State University. His expertise includes statistics, experimental design, spatial sampling and modeling, change detection techniques, and the design and analysis of computer experiments. Before joining the faculty at Iowa State in 1998, he held faculty positions at the University of Texas Health Sciences Center and Mississippi State University, and he was a senior research scientist and statistics group leader at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. He is a fellow of the American Statistical Association and a former editor of the journal Technometrics. Dr. Morris received his Ph.D. in statistics from the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. JOHN REESE is an independent consultant who has been involved in the technical assessment of the survivability and vulnerability of U.S. and foreign systems, as well as countermeasures, for more than 30 years. He is a member of the Army Science Board and has been a National Security Agency advisory board member and consultant. Mr. Reese is retired from TRW and GTE and was the director of both the TRW Electromagnetic System Laboratory’s R&D program and the GTE Electronic Defense Laborato- ries’ R&D program. Additionally, he was the director of both GTE’s and TRW’s Intelligence and Threat Assessment Directorates as well as being responsible for strategic planning at both organizations. He also served on the Information Systems Technology panel for the 2002 DOD Technical Area Review and Assessment program reviews. JOHN F. SCHULTZ (see above, under Sensors and Electron Devices Panel) JOHN C. SOMMERER (panel member in 2003; see Board sketches, above) JACK L. WALKER is currently a consultant working on sensor systems and the analysis of ballistic missile defense systems in support of government agencies. He retired from Veridian ERIM Interna- tional in 2000 as chief scientist responsible for R&D activities in imaging and information processing technology with applications for defense, industry, and the environment. He was elected to the NAE for his “contributions to the invention, development, and deployment of radar remote sensing systems” and is recognized as a major contributor and expert on synthetic aperture radar systems and processing methods. Dr. Walker is a fellow of the IEEE and received his Ph.D. from the University of Michigan. DONALD C. WUNSCH is former chief scientist of BDM Corporation and a current employee of Heartbeat Medical Corporation (a subsidiary of Printron, Inc.). Dr. Wunsch’s expertise includes di- 

APPENDIX B 87 rected energy (involving source development and lethality analysis and experiments), high-voltage high-power technology, optics (involving experimental and theoretical studies in nonlinear optics), nuclear weapons effects, nuclear instrumentation development and testing, plasma physics, weapons system fire control, avionics technology, reverse engineering, system and test safety, and medical treatment devices. Dr. Wunsch is a registered professional engineer. He has worked for the Air Force Weapons Laboratory both as a civilian and as a military officer, for New Mexico State University, for the Sandia National Laboratories, and for the Physical Science Laboratory. He received his doctorate in electrical engineering from New Mexico State University.