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Suggested Citation:"Appendix H: 2011 BRDIS Table 46." National Research Council. 2014. Capturing Change in Science, Technology, and Innovation: Improving Indicators to Inform Policy. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18606.
×
Suggested Citation:"Appendix H: 2011 BRDIS Table 46." National Research Council. 2014. Capturing Change in Science, Technology, and Innovation: Improving Indicators to Inform Policy. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18606.
×

TABLE 46 Number of Companies in the United States That Introduced New or Significantly Improved Products or Processes, by Industry and Company Size: 2009-2011

Industry NAICS Code Number of Companiesa New or Significantly Improved Product OR Process New or Significantly Improved Product(s)
Any good/service New goods New services
Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No
All industries 21-23, 31-33, 42-81 1,220,114 174,066 1,024,199 114,895 1,070,247 66,427 1,122,590 82,546 1,101,820

Manufacturing industries

31-33 103,220 30,396 71,475 22,365 78,250 19,755 81,060 9,058 90,889

Food

311 8,333 2,171 6,135 1,444 6,785 1,346 6,848 487 7,681

Beverage and tobacco products

312 1,245 437 799 264 943 200 1,013 125 1,067

Textile, apparel and leather

313-316 4,641 1,006 3,515 724 3,772 582 3,908 222 4,244

Wood products

321 4,876 583 4,266 331 4,440 259 4,509 157 4,598

Paper

322 1,218 323 888 201 1,001 167 1,035 72 1,094

Printing and related support activities

323 8,249 1,782 6,362 863 7,085 584 7,477 774 7,186

Petroleum and coal products

324 369 203 164 193 174 193 174 59 308

Chemicals

325 4,660 2,277 2,251 1,724 2,762 1,662 2,843 548 3,816

Basic chemicals

3251 867 508 354 418 443 413 449 181 658

Resin, synthetic rubber, fibers, and filament

3252 392 137 204 117 223 114 226 42 294

Pesticide, fertilizer, and other agricultural chemical

3253 429 77 352 67 361 57 372 33 396

Pharmaceuticals and medicines

3254 941 412 492 341 558 333 570 86 800

Soap, cleaning compound, and toilet preparation

3256 840 540 292 350 471 335 485 116 704

Paint, coating, adhesive, and other chemicals

3255, 3259 1,189 603 557 430 705 411 742 90 964

Plastics and rubber products

326 4,851 1,693 3,086 1,281 3,450 1,220 3,524 373 4,345

Nonmetallic mineral products

327 3,765 617 3,129 463 3,178 394 3,301 201 3,476

Primary metals

331 1,433 250 1,177 170 1,257 156 1,271 59 1,366

Fabricated metal products

332 24,026 5,642 18,166 3,504 19,927 2,605 20,846 1,938 21,561

Machinery

333 9,881 3,808 5,862 3,139 6,469 2,895 6,745 1,035 8,449

Agricultural implement

33311 375 189 181 165 200 163 207 38 322

Semiconductor machinery

333295 169 41 125 41 125 40 126 13 151

Engine, turbine, and power transmission equipment

3336 366 185 176 164 195 114 247 78 277

Other machinery

other 333 8,971 3,393 5,379 2,769 5,949 2,578 6,165 906 7,699

Computer and electronic products

334 5,637 3,063 2,465 2,779 2,711 2,511 2,978 1,186 4,267

Communications equipment

3342 674 399 250 380 268 371 276 99 533

Semiconductor and other electronic components

3344 1,782 913 834 737 1,000 635 1,099 320 1,412

Navigational, measuring, electromedical, and control instruments

3345 2,253 1,161 1,056 1,084 1,106 1,042 1,151 411 1,785

Electromedical, electrotherapeutic, and irradiation apparatus

334510, 334517 265 112 147 103 136 102 137 22 235

Search, detection, navigation, guidance, aeronautical, and nautical system and instrument

334511 218 160 57 157 60 156 61 48 168

Other measuring and controlling device

other 3345 1,770 888 852 824 910 784 953 341 1,382
Suggested Citation:"Appendix H: 2011 BRDIS Table 46." National Research Council. 2014. Capturing Change in Science, Technology, and Innovation: Improving Indicators to Inform Policy. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18606.
×

Other computer and electronic products

other 334 928 590 326 578 337 463 452 356 537

Electrical equipment, appliances, and components

335 2,530 995 1,505 860 1,621 802 1,679 317 2,149

Transportation equipment

336 4,441 1,578 2,731 1,292 2,962 1,252 2,981 427 3,717

Automobiles, bodies, trailers, and parts

3361, 3362, 3363 2,718 890 1,761 706 1,917 674 1,921 267 2,357

Aerospace products and parts

3364 629 264 358 210 399 201 409 55 550

Aircraft, aircraft engine, and aircraft parts

336411-13 607 253 348 201 387 193 396 49 535

Guided missile, space vehicle, and related parts

336414-15, 336419 22 11 10 9 12 8 13 6 15

Military armored vehicle, tank, and tank component

336992 60 D D D D D D D D

Other transportation

other 336 1,034 D D D D D D D D

Furniture and related products

337 4,855 1,143 3,687 741 4,057 723 4,079 150 4,661

Miscellaneous manufacturing

339 8,208 2,825 5,287 2,394 5,656 2,204 5,849 930 6,904

Medical equipment and supplies

3391 3,194 1,250 1,915 1,117 2,023 992 2,128 486 2,490

Other miscellaneous manufacturing

3399 5,014 1,575 3,372 1,277 3,633 1,212 3,722 444 4,414

Nonmanufacturing industries

21-23, 42-81 1,116,895 143,670 952,724 92,529 991,997 46,673 1,041,530 73,488 1,010,931

Mining, extraction, and support activities

21 5,526 686 4,751 337 5,088 213 5,214 294 5,134

Utilities

22 660 103 554 36 621 17 636 30 627

Wholesale trade

42 81,652 15,581 64,891 9,550 70,312 7,032 73,230 4,868 74,683

Electronic shopping and electronic auctions

454111-12 2,322 744 1,564 510 1,798 334 1,924 385 1,922

Transportation and warehousing

48-49 35,067 2,643 32,170 1,385 32,925 78 34,481 1,362 33,198

Information

51 17,587 6,056 11,257 4,978 12,230 2,846 14,232 3,851 13,132

Publishing

511 7,152 2,874 4,234 2,319 4,704 1,736 5,247 1,374 5,440

Newspaper, periodical, book, and directory publishers

5111 4,945 1,431 3,497 929 3,941 655 4,174 494 4,176

Software publishers

5112 2,208 1,442 737 1,390 763 1,080 1,072 880 1,264

Telecommunications

517 2,065 554 1,449 388 1,606 80 1,915 374 1,620

Data processing, hosting, and related services

518 2,285 938 1,256 912 1,282 542 1,650 856 1,322

Other information

other 51 6,085 1,691 4,318 1,358 4,638 490 5,421 1,247 4,749

Finance and insurance

52 40,467 5,127 34,835 2,876 36,534 876 38,236 2,570 36,840

Real estate and rental and leasing

53 31,730 2,136 29,092 1,078 29,652 1,014 29,706 571 30,159

Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets (except copyrighted works)

533 543 263 279 262 280 260 282 8 534

Other real estate and rental and leasing

other 53 31,187 1,873 28,814 816 29,372 754 29,424 563 29,625

Professional, scientific, and technical services

54 135,127 23,708 109,569 19,085 112,184 7,938 124,146 16,083 115,349

Architectural, engineering, and related services

5413 23,027 4,695 18,018 3,460 19,082 1,622 20,945 2,653 19,674

Computer systems design and related services

5415 15,507 6,893 8,425 5,491 9,591 3,213 11,884 4,288 10,638

Scientific research and development services

5417 2,670 1,146 1,492 1,005 1,585 767 1,849 564 2,015

Biotechnology research and development

541711 849 306 534 258 579 200 627 141 692

Physical, engineering, and life sciences (except biotechnology) research and development

541712 1,657 810 826 721 877 555 1,072 405 1,188

Social sciences and humanities research and development

541720 163 30 133 27 128 13 149 18 136
Suggested Citation:"Appendix H: 2011 BRDIS Table 46." National Research Council. 2014. Capturing Change in Science, Technology, and Innovation: Improving Indicators to Inform Policy. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18606.
×
Industry NAICS Code Number of Companiesa New or Significantly Improved Product OR Process New or Significantly Improved Product(s)
Any good/service New goods New services
Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No

Other professional, scientific, and technical services

other 54 93,923 10,974 81,634 9,129 81,927 2,335 89,469 8,578 83,022

Health care services

621-23 160,040 25,286 130,943 15,648 139,012 4,747 149,913 15,142 139,533

Other nonmanufacturing

23, 44-45 (excluding 454111-12), 55-56, 624, 71-72, 81 606,717 61,600 533,097 37,046 551,641 21,578 569,811 28,332 560,352
All companies - 1,220,114 174,066 1,024,199 114,895 1,070,247 66,427 1,122,590 82,546 1,101,820
Small companies (number of domestic employees)b

5-499

- 1,210,429 172,091 1,016,640 113,423 1,062,216 65,151 1,114,355 81,836 1,093,046

5-99

- 1,155,721 161,950 973,139 106,952 1,015,712 60,266 1,065,724 78,394 1,043,648

5-49

- 1,072,528 149,659 904,395 98,681 944,515 54,839 991,153 73,131 969,597

5-9

- 468,836 58,088 401,335 39,289 415,503 18,896 436,863 31,430 422,872

10-24

- 438,543 60,751 370,602 40,523 385,455 23,676 404,092 29,357 397,310

25-49

- 165,150 30,820 132,458 18,869 143,557 12,266 150,197 12,343 149,416

50-99

- 83,193 12,291 68,743 8,271 71,198 5,427 74,571 5,263 74,052

100-249

- 42,412 7,606 34,140 5,035 36,055 3,833 37,797 2,701 38,319

250-499

- 12,297 2,536 9,361 1,437 10,448 1,051 10,834 742 11,080
Medium and large companies (number of domestic employees)

500-999

- 4,326 722 3,574 580 3,702 484 3,804 244 4,030

1,000-4,999

- 4,068 920 3,077 592 3,392 527 3,459 279 3,697

5,000-9,999

- 692 144 529 128 544 115 558 68 603

10,000-24,999

- 397 109 265 96 276 87 286 57 312

25,000 or more

- 202 81 114 75 117 65 128 61 132
New or Significantly Improved Process(es)
Industry NAICS Code Number of Companiesa Any process Manufacturing/production methods Logistics/delivery/distribution methods Support activities
Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No
All industries 21-23, 31-33, 42-81 1,220,114 115,958 1,062,204 46,326 1,136,978 38,664 1,142,041 87,968 1,092,244

Manufacturing industries

31-33 103,220 21,313 79,218 16,340 84,481 6,198 94,307 12,955 87,646

Food

311 8,333 1,566 6,642 1,257 6,951 553 7,650 922 7,289

Beverage and tobacco products

312 1,245 353 832 303 882 162 1,023 178 1,007

Textile, apparel and leather

313-316 4,641 650 3,801 522 3,981 188 4,263 404 4,067

Wood products

321 4,876 466 4,345 306 4,505 87 4,710 226 4,571

Paper

322 1,218 248 950 150 1,048 86 1,112 167 1,030

Printing and related support activities

323 8,249 1,504 6,581 995 7,089 429 7,597 794 7,235

Petroleum and coal products

324 369 82 285 76 291 63 305 73 294

Chemicals

325 4,660 1,645 2,865 1,030 3,479 430 4,078 1,234 3,272
Suggested Citation:"Appendix H: 2011 BRDIS Table 46." National Research Council. 2014. Capturing Change in Science, Technology, and Innovation: Improving Indicators to Inform Policy. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18606.
×

Basic chemicals

3251 867 408 451 337 523 137 723 338 521

Resin, synthetic rubber, fibers, and filament

3252 392 92 247 63 272 22 316 59 280

Pesticide, fertilizer, and other agricultural chemical

3253 429 40 389 33 396 12 418 14 415

Pharmaceuticals and medicines

3254 941 270 632 210 692 49 850 143 757

Soap, cleaning compound, and toilet preparation

3256 840 397 429 127 701 86 741 346 480

Paint, coating, adhesive, and other chemicals

3255, 3259 1,189 438 717 260 895 125 1,031 334 819

Plastics and rubber products

326 4,851 1,174 3,535 1,035 3,677 323 4,373 669 4,032

Nonmetallic mineral products

327 3,765 455 3,147 342 3,260 175 3,554 246 3,483

Primary metals

331 1,433 197 1,229 160 1,265 51 1,375 74 1,352

Fabricated metal products

332 24,026 4,429 18,944 3,381 20,158 959 22,446 2,743 20,667

Machinery

333 9,881 2,476 7,130 2,053 7,578 717 8,858 1,526 8,077

Agricultural implement

33311 375 94 276 79 290 28 342 48 321

Semiconductor machinery

333295 169 18 148 17 149 6 160 10 156

Engine, turbine, and power transmission equipment

3336 366 139 214 124 230 74 279 89 264

Other machinery

other 333 8,971 2,225 6,492 1,833 6,909 609 8,078 1,378 7,337

Computer and electronic products

334 5,637 1,708 3,727 1,444 4,000 600 4,826 1,012 4,421

Communications equipment

3342 674 121 474 103 493 60 535 89 507

Semiconductor and other electronic components

3344 1,782 601 1,137 535 1,207 185 1,549 393 1,345

Navigational, measuring, electromedical, and control instruments

3345 2,253 648 1,553 560 1,645 178 2,018 280 1,921

Electromedical, electrotherapeutic, and irradiation apparatus

334510, 334517 265 50 206 46 210 10 245 19 237

Search, detection, navigation, guidance, aeronautical, and nautical system and instrument

334511 218 82 135 72 145 18 199 71 146

Other measuring and controlling device

other 3345 1,770 516 1,212 441 1,291 150 1,574 190 1,539

Other computer and electronic products

other 334 928 337 562 246 654 176 723 250 648

Electrical equipment, appliances, and components

335 2,530 550 1,904 357 2,101 142 2,316 371 2,092

Transportation equipment

336 4,441 1,154 3,079 1,018 3,216 458 3,744 758 3,450

Automobiles, bodies, trailers, and parts

3361, 3362, 3363 2,718 690 1,947 597 2,036 218 2,389 408 2,199

Aerospace products and parts

3364 629 189 431 170 450 40 580 132 488

Aircraft, aircraft engine, and aircraft parts

336411-13 607 181 418 164 435 D D 125 474

Guided missile, space vehicle, and related parts

336414-15, 336419 22 8 13 6 15 D D 7 14

Military armored vehicle, tank, and tank component

336992 60 6 4 6 4 D D 3 7

Other transportation

other 336 1,034 269 696 244 727 D D 215 756

Furniture and related products

337 4,855 811 4,006 517 4,302 272 4,545 495 4,322

Miscellaneous manufacturing

339 8,208 1,844 6,218 1,393 6,699 504 7,532 1,062 6,985

Medical equipment and supplies

3391 3,194 869 2,271 628 2,523 255 2,876 468 2,665

Other miscellaneous manufacturing

3399 5,014 975 3,947 764 4,176 249 4,656 595 4,320
Suggested Citation:"Appendix H: 2011 BRDIS Table 46." National Research Council. 2014. Capturing Change in Science, Technology, and Innovation: Improving Indicators to Inform Policy. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18606.
×
Industry NAICS Code Number of Companiesa New or Significantly Improved Process(es)
Any process Manufacturing/production methods Logistics/delivery/distribution methods Support activities
Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No
Nonmanufacturing industries 21-23, 42-81 1,116,895 94,645 982,986 29,986 1,052,497 32,466 1,047,734 75,013 1,004,598
Mining, extraction, and support activities 21 5,526 463 4,918 268 5,112 128 5,226 379 4,975
Utilities 22 660 89 559 25 623 20 629 77 572
Wholesale trade 42 81,652 10,958 68,772 3,911 75,820 4,353 75,378 8,573 71,057
Electronic shopping and electronic auctions 454111-12 2,322 557 1,747 243 2,046 336 1,968 369 1,937
Transportation and warehousing 48-49 35,067 2,119 31,393 5 34,258 1,109 33,152 1,616 32,144
Information 51 17,587 3,569 13,348 1,295 15,829 1,985 15,157 2,045 14,997
Publishing 511 7,152 1,282 5,731 484 6,622 754 6,299 629 6,434
Newspaper, periodical, book, and directory publishers 5111 4,945 839 3,997 365 4,563 500 4,379 336 4,550
Software publishers 5112 2,208 443 1,734 120 2,059 255 1,921 293 1,884
Telecommunications 517 2,065 334 1,666 25 1,976 164 1,837 226 1,773
Data processing, hosting, and related services 518 2,285 676 1,509 232 1,957 165 2,019 533 1,653
Other information other 51 6,085 1,277 4,442 554 5,274 903 5,001 657 5,137
Finance and insurance 52 40,467 3,447 36,510 763 39,193 690 39,265 3,328 36,629
Real estate and rental and leasing 53 31,730 1,626 28,601 309 29,919 613 29,366 1,619 28,857
Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets (except copyrighted works) 533 543 7 535 5 537 D D 4 538
Other real estate and rental and leasing other 53 31,187 1,619 28,066 304 29,382 D D 1,615 28,319
Professional, scientific, and technical services 54 135,127 13,405 117,910 5,569 126,300 4,331 126,801 9,992 121,505
Architectural, engineering, and related services 5413 23,027 2,922 19,481 1,480 20,935 1,462 21,022 1,994 20,221
Computer systems design and related services 5415 15,507 4,442 10,794 1,417 13,810 1,702 13,516 3,757 11,551
Scientific research and development services 5417 2,670 768 1,849 533 2,088 163 2,458 364 2,251
Biotechnology research and development 541711 849 222 609 179 653 82 751 80 751
Physical, engineering, and life sciences (except biotechnology) research and development 541712 1,657 535 1,088 350 1,276 75 1,551 278 1,343
Social sciences and humanities research and development 541720 163 11 152 3 159 6 157 6 156
Other professional, scientific, and technical services other 54 93,923 5,273 85,786 2,139 89,468 1,004 89,805 3,877 87,483
Health care services 621-23 160,040 16,966 137,704 5,519 148,906 6,307 148,368 12,629 142,042
Other nonmanufacturing 23, 44-45 (excluding 454111-12), 55-56, 624, 71-72, 81 606,717 41,446 541,523 12,078 574,491 12,595 572,425 34,385 549,883
All companies - 1,220,114 115,958 1,062,204 46,326 1,136,978 38,664 1,142,041 87,968 1,092,244
Small companies (number of domestic employees)b
5-499 - 1,210,429 114,497 1,054,213 45,484 1,128,357 38,075 1,133,193 86,882 1,083,888
5-99 - 1,155,721 106,743 1,008,801 42,008 1,078,614 35,953 1,082,114 80,825 1,036,795
Suggested Citation:"Appendix H: 2011 BRDIS Table 46." National Research Council. 2014. Capturing Change in Science, Technology, and Innovation: Improving Indicators to Inform Policy. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18606.
×
5-49 - 1,072,528 98,316 937,793 38,277 1,002,592 33,321 1,005,333 74,283 963,595
5-9 - 468,836 36,647 412,341 13,905 437,052 12,691 436,791 27,489 422,420
10-24 - 438,543 40,900 384,425 16,799 410,554 14,486 412,454 30,706 395,216
25-49 - 165,150 20,768 141,027 7,573 154,986 6,144 156,088 16,089 145,959
50-99 - 83,193 8,427 71,008 3,730 76,022 2,632 76,781 6,542 73,200
100-249 - 42,412 5,727 35,629 2,578 38,780 1,666 39,677 4,444 36,895
250-499 - 12,297 2,026 9,782 898 10,963 456 11,401 1,613 10,198
Medium and large companies (number of domestic employees)
500-999 - 4,326 503 3,751 336 3,928 212 4,036 320 3,930
1,000-4,999 - 4,068 710 3,266 333 3,643 215 3,754 576 3,397
5,000-9,999 - 692 105 562 72 596 61 606 76 590
10,000-24,999 - 397 74 288 51 311 51 310 59 302
25,000 or more - 202 69 124 50 143 50 143 55 138

D = data withheld to avoid disclosing operations of individual companies.

aStatistics are based on companies in the United States that reported to the survey, regardless of whether they did or did not perform or fund R&D. These statistics do not include an adjustment to the weight to account for unit nonresponse.

bUpper bound based on U.S. Small Business Administration's definition of a small business; BRDIS does not include companies with fewer than 5 domestic employees. NAICS = 2007 North American Industry Classification System.
NOTES: Detail may not add to total because of rounding. Industry classification based on dominant business code for domestic R&D performance where available. For companies that did not report business codes, classification used for sampling was assigned. Sum of yes and no responses may not add to number of companies due to item nonresponse to some innovation question items. The full set of detailed statistical tables from the 2011 BRDIS will be available in Business R&D and Innovation: 2011 scheduled for release in 2014. Innovation statistics are found in Tables 46-49. Relative standard errors for each cell in those tables are available from NCSES upon request. Selected final statistics are summarized in NCSES’s InfoBrief: “Business R&D Performance in the United States Increased in 2011” (NSF 13-335) at http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/infbrief/nsf13335.
SOURCE: National Science Foundation/National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, Business R&D and Innovation Survey, 2011.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix H: 2011 BRDIS Table 46." National Research Council. 2014. Capturing Change in Science, Technology, and Innovation: Improving Indicators to Inform Policy. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18606.
×

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Suggested Citation:"Appendix H: 2011 BRDIS Table 46." National Research Council. 2014. Capturing Change in Science, Technology, and Innovation: Improving Indicators to Inform Policy. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18606.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix H: 2011 BRDIS Table 46." National Research Council. 2014. Capturing Change in Science, Technology, and Innovation: Improving Indicators to Inform Policy. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18606.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix H: 2011 BRDIS Table 46." National Research Council. 2014. Capturing Change in Science, Technology, and Innovation: Improving Indicators to Inform Policy. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18606.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix H: 2011 BRDIS Table 46." National Research Council. 2014. Capturing Change in Science, Technology, and Innovation: Improving Indicators to Inform Policy. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18606.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix H: 2011 BRDIS Table 46." National Research Council. 2014. Capturing Change in Science, Technology, and Innovation: Improving Indicators to Inform Policy. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18606.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix H: 2011 BRDIS Table 46." National Research Council. 2014. Capturing Change in Science, Technology, and Innovation: Improving Indicators to Inform Policy. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18606.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix H: 2011 BRDIS Table 46." National Research Council. 2014. Capturing Change in Science, Technology, and Innovation: Improving Indicators to Inform Policy. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18606.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix H: 2011 BRDIS Table 46." National Research Council. 2014. Capturing Change in Science, Technology, and Innovation: Improving Indicators to Inform Policy. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18606.
×
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Since the 1950s, under congressional mandate, the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) - through its National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics (NCSES) and predecessor agencies - has produced regularly updated measures of research and development expenditures, employment and training in science and engineering, and other indicators of the state of U.S. science and technology. A more recent focus has been on measuring innovation in the corporate sector. NCSES collects its own data on science, technology, and innovation (STI) activities and also incorporates data from other agencies to produce indicators that are used for monitoring purposes - including comparisons among sectors, regions, and with other countries - and for identifying trends that may require policy attention and generate research needs. NCSES also provides extensive tabulations and microdata files for in-depth analysis.

Capturing Change in Science, Technology, and Innovation assesses and provides recommendations regarding the need for revised, refocused, and newly developed indicators of STI activities that would enable NCSES to respond to changing policy concerns. This report also identifies and assesses both existing and potential data resources and tools that NCSES could exploit to further develop its indicators program. Finally, the report considers strategic pathways for NCSES to move forward with an improved STI indicators program. The recommendations offered in Capturing Change in Science, Technology, and Innovation are intended to serve as the basis for a strategic program of work that will enhance NCSES's ability to produce indicators that capture change in science, technology, and innovation to inform policy and optimally meet the needs of its user community.

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