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Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Selected Publications." National Research Council. 2014. Opportunities for High-Power, High-Frequency Transmitters to Advance Ionospheric/Thermospheric Research: Report of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18620.
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E

Selected Publications

The following lists scientific papers related to ionospheric heating that were published in refereed journals during the period from October 2004 through September 2010.

Ashrafi, M., M.J. Kosch, K. Kaila, and B. Isham. 2007. Spatio-temporal evolution of radio wave pump-induced ionospheric phenomena near the fourth electron gyro-harmonic. Journal of Geophysical Research 112:A05314, doi:10.1029/2006JA011938.

Bell T.F., U.S. Inan, and T. Chevalier. 2006. Current distribution of a VLF electric dipole antenna in the plasmasphere. Radio Science 41:RS2009, doi:10.1029/2005RS003260.

Bernhardt, P.A., C.A. Selcher, C.L. Siefring, and E. Gerken. 2005. Imaging of ionospheric density structures and plasma drifts using artificial illumination by high power radio waves. IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science 33:504.

Bernhardt, P.A., C.A. Selcher, R.H. Lehmberg, S. Rodriguez, J. Thomason, M. McCarrick, and G. Frazer. 2009. Determination of the electron temperature in the modified ionosphere over HAARP using the HF pumped Stimulated Brillouin Scatter (SBS) emission lines. Annales Geophysicae 27:4409-4427.

Bezrodny, V.G., O.V. Charkina, Y.M. Yampolski, B. Watkins, and K. Groves. 2010. Application of an imaging riometer to investigating stimulated ionospheric scintillations and absorption of radiation from discrete cosmic sources. Radio Physics and Radio Astronomy 1(4):291-302.

Bezrodny, V.G., O.V. Charkina, Y.M. Yampolski, B. Watkins, and K. Groves. 2010. Stimulated ionospheric scintillations and absorption of discreet cosmic sources radiation investigated with an imaging HF riometer. (Russian) Radio Physics and Radio Astronomy 15(2):151-163.

Bezrodny, V.G., O.V. Charkina, V.G. Galushko, Κ. Groves, Κ.S. Kashcheyev, B.J. Watkins, and Y.Κ. Yampolski. 2007. Observation of ionospheric scintillations of discrete cosmic sources with the use of an imaging riometer. (Russian) Radio Physics and Radio Astronomy 12(N3):242-260.

Bezrodny, V.G., O.V. Charkina, V.G. Galushko, Κ. Groves, A.S. Kashcheyev, B.J. Watkins, Y.M. Yampolski, and Y. Murayama. 2008. Application of an imaging HF riometer for the observation of scintillations of discrete cosmic sources. Radio Science 43:RS6007.

Burton, L.M., J.A. Cohen, R. Pradipta, A.Labno, M.C. Lee, O. Batischev, D.L. Rokusek, S.P. Kuo, B.J. Watkins, and S. Oyama. 2008. Excitation and diagnoses of cascading Langmuir waves in ionospheric plasmas. Physica Scripta 014030, doi:10.1088/0031-8949/2008/T132/014030.

Cohen, J.A., R. Pradipta, L.M. Burton, A. Labno, M.C. Lee, B.J. Watkins, C. Fallen, S.P. Kuo, W.J. Burke, D. Mabius, and B.Z. See. 2010. Generation of ionospheric ducts by HAARP HF heater. Physica Scripta 014040, doi:10.1088/0031-8949/2010/T142/014040.

Cohen, M.B., M.A. Go1kowski, and U.S. Inan. 2008. Orientation of the HAARP ELF ionospheric dipole and the auroral electrojet. Geophysical Research Letters 35:L02806, doi:10.1029/2007GL032424.

Cohen, M.B., R.K. Said, and U.S. Inan. 2010. Mitigation of 50/60 Hz power-line interference in geophysical data. Radio Science 45, doi:10.1029/2010RS004420.

Cohen, M.B., U.S. Inan, and E.W. Paschal. 2010. Sensitive broadband ELF/VLF radio reception with the AWESOME instrument. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 48(1):3-17.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Selected Publications." National Research Council. 2014. Opportunities for High-Power, High-Frequency Transmitters to Advance Ionospheric/Thermospheric Research: Report of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18620.
×

Cohen, M.B., U.S. Inan, and M. Go1kowski. 2008. Geometric modulation: A more effective method of steerable ELF/VLF wave generation with continuous HF heating of the lower ionosphere. Geophysical Research Letters 35:L12101, doi:10.1029/2008GL034061.

Cohen, M.B., U.S. Inan, and M. Golkowski. 2009. Reply to comment by R.C. Moore and M.T. Rietveld on ‘Geometric modulation: A more effective method of steerable ELF/VLF wave generation with continuous HF heating of the lower ionosphere.’ Geophysical Research Letters 36(4):L04102.

Cohen, M.B., U.S. Inan, M. Golkowski, and M.J. McCarrick. 2010. ELF/VLF wave generation via ionospheric HF heating: Experimental comparison of amplitude modulation, beam painting, and geometric modulation. Journal of Geophysical Research 115: A02302.

Cohen, M.B., U.S. Inan, M. Golkowski, and N.G. Lehtinen. 2010. On the generation of ELF/VLF waves for long-distance propagation via steerable HF heating of the lower ionosphere. Journal of Geophysical Research 115:A07322, doi:10.1029/2009JA015170.

Djuth, F.J., T.R. Pedersen, E.A. Gerken, P. Bernhardt, C.A. Selcher, W.A. Bristow, and M.J. Kosch. 2005. Ionospheric modification at twice the electron cyclotron frequency. Physical Review Letters 94:125001-1.

Djuth, F.J., B.W. Reinisch, D.F. Kitrosser, J.H. Elder, A.L. Snyder, and G.S. Sales. 2006. Imaging HF-induced large-scale irregularities above HAARP. Geophysical Research Letters 33:L04107, doi:10.1029/2005GL024536.

Frolov, V., V. Rapoport, G. Komrakov, A. Belov, G. Markov, M. Parrot, J. Rauch, and E. Mishin. 2009. Density ducts formed by heating the Earth’s ionosphere with high-power HF radio waves. JETP Letters 88(12):790-794.

Galushko, V.G., A.V. Koloskov, V.V. Paznukhov, B.W. Reinisch, G. Sales, Y.M. Yampolski, and A V. Zalizovsky. 2008. Self-scattering of the HAARP-heater emission as observed at geographically dispersed receiving sites. IEEE Antennas and Propagation 50(6).

Gerken, E., and U.S. Inan. 2005. Streamers and diffuse glow observed in upper atmospheric electrical discharges. IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science 33:282.

Gibby, A., U.S. Inan, and T.F. Bell. 2008. Saturation effects in the VLF-triggered emission process. Journal of Geophysical Research 113:A11215, doi:10.1029/2008JA013233.

Golkowski, M.A., and U.S. Inan. 2008. Multistation observations of ELF/VLF whistler mode chorus. Journal of Geophysical Research, doi:10.1029/2007JA012977.

Golkowski, M., U.S. Inan, A.R. Gibby, and M.B. Cohen. 2008. Magnetospheric amplification and emission triggering by ELF/VLF waves injected by the 3.6 MW HAARP ionospheric heater. Journal of Geophysical Research 113:A10201, doi:10.1029/2008JA013157.

Golkowski, M., U.S. Inan, and M.B. Cohen. 2009. Cross modulation of whistler mode and HF waves above the HAARP ionospheric heater. Geophysical Research Letters

Gondarenko, N.A., S.L. Ossakow, and G.M. Milikh. 2007. Comment on “Simulation study of the interaction between large-amplitude HF radio waves and the ionosphere” by B. Eliasson and B. Thide. Geophysical Research Letters 34:L23104, doi:10.1029/2007GL030997.

Gondarenko, N.A., S.L. Ossakos, and G.M. Milikh. 2006. Nonlinear evolution of thermal self-focusing instability in ionospheric modifications at high latitudes: Aspect angle dependence. Geophysical Research Letters 33:L16104, doi:10, 1029/2006GL025916.

Gondarenko, N.A., S.L. Ossakow, and G.M. Milikh. 2005. Generation and evolution of density irregularities due to self-focusing in ionospheric modifications. Journal of Geophysical Research. 110:A093404, doi:10.1029/2005JA011142.

Gustavsson, B., M. Kosch, A. Wong, T. Pedersen, C. Heinselman, C. Mutiso, B. Bristow, J. Hughes, and W. Wang. 2008. First estimates of volume distribution of HF-pump enhanced emissions at 6300 and 5577 Å: A comparison between observations and theory. Annales Geophysicae 26:3999-4012.

Gustavsson, B., R. Newsome, T.B. Leyser, M.J. Kosch, L. Norin, M. McCarrick and T.R. Pedersen. 2009. First observations of X-mode suppression of O-mode HF enhancements at 6300 A. Geophysical Research Letters L20102, doi:10.1029/2009GL039421.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Selected Publications." National Research Council. 2014. Opportunities for High-Power, High-Frequency Transmitters to Advance Ionospheric/Thermospheric Research: Report of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18620.
×

Hysell, D.L. 2008. 30 MHz radar observations of artificial E region field-aligned plasma irregularities. Annales Geophysicae 26(1):117.

Hysell, D.L., and E. Nossa. 2010. Excitation threshold and gyroharmonic suppression of artificial E region field-aligned plasma density irregularities. Radio Sci., doi:10.1029/2010RS004360.

Inan, U. S., D. Piddyachiy, W. B. Peter, J. A. Sauvaud, and M. Parrot (2007), DEMETER satellite observations of lightning-induced electron precipitation. Geophysical Research Letters 34, L07103, doi:10.1029/2006GL029238.

Inan, U. S., M. Golkowski, M. K. Casey, R. C. Moore, W. Peter, P. Kulkarni, P. Kossey, E. Kennedy, (2007) Subionospheric VLF Observations of Transmitter-Induced Precipitation of Inner Radiation Belt Electrons, Geophysical Research Letters 34, L02106, doi:10.1029/2006GL028494.

Inan, U.S., M. Golkowski, M. Casey, R.C. Moore, W.B. Peter, P. Kulkarni, P. Kossey, E.J. Kennedy, S. Meth, and P. Smit. 2007. Subionospheric VLF observations of transmitter-induced precipitation of inner radiation belt electrons. Geophysical Research Letters 34:L02106.

Jin, G., M. Spasojevic, and U.S. Inan. 2009. Relationship between electrojet current strength and ELF signal intensity in modulated heating experiments. Journal of Geophysical Research 114:A08301, doi:10.1029/2009JA014122.

Kagan, L.M. 2008. Auroral lights created by high-power radiowaves in the ionospheric E region. Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion 50:074001.

Kalogerakis, K.S., T.G. Slanger, E.A. Kendall, T.R. Pedersen, M.J. Kosch, B. Gustavsson, and M.T. Rietveld. 2009. Remote oxygen sensing by ionospheric excitation (ROSIE). Annales Geophysicae 27:2183-2189.

Kan, J.R. 2007. On the formation of near-Earth X-line at substorm expansion onset. Journal of Geophysical Research 112:A01207, doi:10.1029/2006JA012011.

Kan, J.R., X. Xing, and R.A. Wolf. 2007. Intensity of geomagnetic storms depends on the X-line location in the plasma sheet. Journal of Geophysical Research 112:A04216, doi:10.1029/2006JA011945.

Kendall, E., R. Marshall, R.T. Parris, A. Bhatt, A. Coster, T. Pedersen, P. Bernhardt, and C. Selcher. 2010. Decameter structure in heater]induced airglow at the High frequency Active Auroral Research Program facility. Journal of Geophysical Research 115:A08306, doi:10.1029/2009JA015043.

Keskinen, M.J., and H.L. Rowland. 2006. Magnetospheric effects from man-made ELF/VLF modulation of the auroral electrojet. Radio Science 41:RS1006, doi:10.1029/2005RS003274.

Kosch, M.J., B. Gustavsson, C. Heinselman, T. Pedersen, M.T. Rietveld, J. Spaleta, A. Wong, W. Wang, C. Mutiso, B. Bristow, and J. Hughes. 2009. First incoherent scatter radar observations of ionospheric heating on the second electron gyro-harmonic. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics 71(17-18):1959-1966, doi:10.1016/j.jastp.2009.08.007.

Kosch, M.J., T.R. Pedersen, E.V. Mishin, M. Starks, E. Gerken-Kendall, D. Sentman, S. Oyama, and B. Watkins. 2007. Temporal evolution of pump beam self-focusing at the High-Frequency Active Auroral Research Program. Journal of Geophysical Research 112:A08304, doi:10.1029/2007JA012264.

Kosch, M.J., T.R. Pedersen, E.V. Mishin, S.-I. Oyama, J. Hughes, A. Senior, B. Watkins, and B. Bristow. 2007. Coordinated optical and radar observations of ionospheric pumping for a frequency pass through the second electron gyro-harmonic. Journal of Geophysical Research 112:A06325, doi:10.1029/2006JA012146.

Kosch, M., T. Pedersen, J. Bortnik, R. Esposito, D. Gallagher, R. Marshall, M. McCarrick, R. Friedel, and U. Inan. 2006. An Artificial Particle Precipitation Technique Using HAARP Generated VLF Waves. AFRL-VS-HA-TR-2007-1021. Air Force Research Laboratory, Hanscom AFB, Mass.

Kosch, M., T. Pedersen, M.T. Rietveld, B. Gustavsson, S.M. Grach, and T. Hagfors. 2007. Artificial optical emissions in the high-latitude thermosphere induced by powerful radio waves: An observational review. Advances in Space Research 40(3):365-376.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Selected Publications." National Research Council. 2014. Opportunities for High-Power, High-Frequency Transmitters to Advance Ionospheric/Thermospheric Research: Report of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18620.
×

Kosch, M.J., T. Pedersen, J. Hughes, R. Marshall, E. Gerken, A. Senior, D. Sentman, M. McCarrick, and F.T. Djuth. 2005. Artificial optical emissions at HAARP for pump frequencies near the third and second gyro-harmonic. Annales Geophysicae 23:1585.

Kulkarni, P., U.S. Inan, and T.F. Bell. 2006. Whistler-mode illumination of the plasmaspheric resonant cavity via in-situ injection of ELF/VLF waves. Journal of Geophysical Research 111:A10215.

Kuo, S.P. 2007. Basis of ionospheric modification by high-frequency waves. Progress in Electromagnetics Research, PIER 73:277-296.

Kuo, S.P. 2008. Mitigation of energetic electrons in the magnetosphere by amplified whistlerwave under double cyclotron resonances. Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics 15:773-782.

Kuo, S.P., and M.C. Lee. 2005. Cascade spectrum of HFPLs generated in HF heating experiments. Journal of Geophysical Research 110:AO1309, doi:10,1029/2004JA010674.

Kuo, S.P., and M. Rubinraut. 2005. Generation of energetic electrons at second harmonic cyclotron resonances in ionospheric HF heating experiments. Geophysical Research Letters 32:L19102, doi:10.1029/2005GL023186.

Kuo, S.P., and D. Greco. 2007. Determination of the height of the modulated electrojet region generating ELF radiation. Geophysical Research Letters 34:L05103, doi:10.1029/2006GL029124.

Kuo, S.P., and A. Snyder. 2010. Observation of artificial Spread-F and large region ionization enhancement in an HF heating experiment at HAARP. Geophysical Research Letters 37:L07101, doi:10.1029/2010GL042656.

Kuo, S.P., S.S. Kuo, J.T. Huynh, and P.A. Kossey. 2007. Precipitation of trapped relativistic electrons by amplified whistler waves in the magnetosphere. Physics of Plasmas 14(6):009706.

Kuo, S.P., Y.L. Wu, R. Pradipta, J.A. Cohen, and M.C. Lee. 2008. VLF wave generation by amplitude-modulated HF heater waves at Gakona, Alaska. Geophysical Research Letters 35:L13101(1-5), doi:10.1029/2008GL034414.

Kuo, S.P., W.-T. Cheng, J.A. Cohen, R. Pradipta, M.C. Lee, S.S. Kuo, and A.L. Snyder. 2009. Simultaneous generation of large-scale density irregularities and geomagnetic pulsations via filamentation instability. Geophysical Research Letters 36:L09107, doi:10.1029/2009GL037942.

Kuo, S.P., A. Snyder, and C.-L. Chang. 2010. Electrojet-independent ionospheric ELF/VLF wave generation by powerful HF waves. Physics of Plasmas 17(8):082904.

Kuo, S.P., W.-T. Cheng, A. Snyder, P.A. Kossey, and J. Battis. 2010. Contrasting O/X-mode heater effects on O-mode sounding echo and the generation of magnetic pulsations. Geophysical Research Letters 37:L01101, doi:10.1029/2009GL041471.

Lehtinen, N.G., and U.S. Inan. 2009. Full-wave modeling of transionospheric propagation of VLF waves. Geophysical Research Letters 36:L03104, doi:10.1029/2008GL036535.

Lehtinen, N.G., and U.S. Inan. 2008. Radiation of ELF/VLF waves by harmonically varying currents into a stratified ionosphere with application to radiation by a modulated electrojet. Journal of Geophysical Research 113:A06301, doi:10.1029/2007JA012911.

Leyser, T.B., L. Norin, M. McCarrick, T.R. Pedersen, and B. Gustavsson. 2009. Radio pumping of ionospheric plasma with orbital angular momentum. Physical Review Letters 102:065004.

Merkin, V.G., G. Milikh, K. Papadopoulos, J. Lyon, Y.S. Dimant, A.S. Sharma, C. Goodrich, and M. Wiltberger. 2005. Effect of anomalous electron heating on the transpolar potential in the LFM global MHD model. Geophysical Research Letters 32:L22101, doi:10.1029/2005GL023315.

Milikh, G.M., A.G. Demekhov, K. Papadopoulos, A. Vartanyan, J.D. Huba, and G. Joyce. 2010. Model for artificial ionospheric duct formation due to HF heating. Geophysical Research Letters 37:L07803, doi:10.1029/2010GL042684.

Milikh, G.M., and A. Vartanyan. 2011. HAARP induced ionospheric ducts. P. 85 in Modern Challenges in Nonlinear Plasma Physics: A Festschrift to Honor the Career of Dennis Papadopoulos (D. Vassiliadis , S.F. Fung , X. Shao , I.A. Daglis, and J.D. Huba, eds.). AIP Conference Proceedings 1320. American Institute of Physics. Available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3544323.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Selected Publications." National Research Council. 2014. Opportunities for High-Power, High-Frequency Transmitters to Advance Ionospheric/Thermospheric Research: Report of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18620.
×

Milikh, G.M., E.V. Mishin, I. Galkin, A. Vartanyan, C. Roth, and B. Reinisch. 2010. Ion outflows and artificial ducts in the topside ionosphere at HAARP. Geophysical Research Letters 37:L18102, doi:10.1029/2010GL044636.

Milikh, G.M., K. Papadopoulos, H. Shroff, C.L. Chang, T. Wallace, E.V. Mishin, M. Parrot, and J.J. Berthelier. 2008. Formation of artificial ionospheric ducts. Geophysical Research Letters 35:L17104, doi:10.1029/2008GL034630.

Milikh, G.M., and K. Papadopoulos. 2007. Enhanced ionospheric ELF/VLF generation efficiency by multiple timescale modulated heating. Geophysical Research Letters 34:L20804, doi:10.1029/2007GL031518.

Milikh, G.M., A.V. Gurevich, K.P. Zybin, and J. Secan. 2008. Perturbations of GPS signals by the ionospheric irregularities generated due to HF-heating at triple of electron gyrofrequency. Geophysical Research Letters 35:L22102, doi:10.1029/2008GL035527.

Milikh, G.M., K. Papadopoulos, H. Shroff, C.L. Chang, T. Wallace, E.V. Mishin, M. Parrot, and J.J. Berthelier. 2008. Formation of artificial ionospheric ducts. Geophysical Research Letters 35:L17104.

Mishin, E., M. Starks, and G. Ginet. 2008. Numerical modeling of 3D weak turbulence driven by high-power VLF pump waves in the topside ionosphere. Geophysical Research Letters 38:L16105.

Mishin, E. 2011. Nonlinear plasma effects in natural and artificial aurora. In Modern Challenges in Nonlinear Plasma Physics: A Festschrift to Honor the Career of Dennis Papadopoulos (D. Vassiliadis , S.F. Fung , X. Shao , I.A. Daglis, and J.D. Huba, eds.). AIP Conference Proceedings 1320. American Institute of Physics. Available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3544322.

Mishin, E.V., M.J. Kosch, T. Pedersen, and W.J. Burke. 2005. HF-induced airglow at magnetic zenith: Thermal and parametric instabilities near electron-gyroharmonics. Geophysical Research Letters 32:L23106, doi:10.1029/2005GL023023864.

Mishin, E.V., W. Burke, and T. Pedersen. 2005. HF-induced airglow at magnetic zenith; Theoretical considerations. Annales Geophysicae 23:47.

Moore R.C., U.S. Inan, T.F. Bell. 2006. Observations of amplitude saturation in ELF/VLF wave generation by modulated HF heating of the auroral electrojet. Geophysical Research Letters 33:L12106, doi:10.1029/2006GL025934.

Moore, R.C., U.S. Inan, T.F. Bell, and E.J. Kennedy. 2007. ELF waves generated by modulated HF heating of the auroral electrojet and observed at a ground distance of ~4400 km. Journal of Geophysical Research 112:A05309, doi:10.1029/2006JA012063.

Moore, R.C., U.S. Inan, T.F. Bell, E.J. Kennedy, and P.A. Kossey. 2006. ELF waves generated by modulated HF heating of the auroral electrojet and observed at ground distance of ~4400 km. Journal of Geophysical Research 112:A05309.

Mutiso, C.K., J.M. Hughes, G.G. Sivjee, T. Pedersen, B. Gustavsson, and M.J. Kosch. 2008. Previously unreported optical emissions generated during ionospheric heating. Geophysical Research Letters 35(14):L14103.

Nossa, E., D.L. Hysell, C.T. Fallen, and B.J. Watkins. 2009. Radar observations of artificial E region field-aligned irregularities. Annales Geophysicae 27:2699-2710.

Oyama, S., B.J. Watkins, F.T. Djuth, M.J. Kosch, P.A. Bernhardt, and C.J. Heinselman. 2006. Persistent enhancement of the HF pump-induced plasma line measured with a UHF diagnostic radar at HAARP. Journal of Geophysical Research 111:AO6209, doi:10.1029/2005JA011363.

Papadopoulos, K., T. Wallace, G.M Milikh, W. Peter, and M. McCarrick. 2005. The magnetic response of the ionosphere to pulsed HF heating. Geophysical Research Letters 32:L13101, doi:10.1029/2005GL023185.

Papadopoulos, K., T. Wallace, G.M. Milikh, W. Peter, M. McCarrick, and C.L. Chang. 2006. Reply to comment on “The magnetic response of the ionosphere to pulsed HF heating” by M.T. Rietveld and P. Stubbe. Geophysical Research Letters 33:L07103.

Payne, J.A., U.S. Inan, F.R. Foust, T.W. Chevalier, and T.F. Bell. 2007. HF modulated ionospheric currents. Geophysical Research Letters 34:L23101, doi:10.1029/2007GL031724.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Selected Publications." National Research Council. 2014. Opportunities for High-Power, High-Frequency Transmitters to Advance Ionospheric/Thermospheric Research: Report of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18620.
×

Pedersen, T., and E. Gerken. 2005. Naked eye visible artificial optical emissions created in the aurora by high-power radio waves. Nature 433:498.

Pedersen, T.R., E.V. Mishin, and K. Oksavik. 2007. Observations of structured optical emissions and particle precipitation equatorward of the traditional auroral oval. Journal of Geophysical Research 112:A10208, doi:10.1029/2007JA012299.

Pedersen, T., R. Esposito, M. Starks, and M. McCarrick. 2008. Quantitative determination of HF radio-induced optical emission production efficiency at high latitudes. Journal of Geophysical Research 113:A11316.

Pedersen, T., R. Esposito, E. Kendall, D. Sentman, M. Kosch, E. Mishin, and R. Marshall. 2008. Observations of artificial and natural optical emissions at the HAARP facility. Annales Geophysicae 26:1089-1099.

Pedersen, T.R., B. Gustavsson, E.V. Mishin, E. MacKenzie, H.C. Carlson, M. Starks, and T. Mills. 2009. Optical ring formation and ionization production in high-power HF heating experiments at HAARP. Geophysical Research Letters 36:L18107, doi:10.1029/2009GL040047.

Pedersen, T., E. Mishin, and R. Esposito. 2009. New observations of HF-induced optical emissions from the ionospheric E region over HAARP. Journal of Geophysical Research 114:A06316, doi:10.1029/2008JA013596.

Pedersen, T., B. Gustavsson, E. Mishin, E. Kendall, T. Mills, H. C. Carlson, and A. L. Snyder. 2010. Creation of artificial ionospheric layers using high-power HF waves. Geophysical Research Letters 37:L02106, doi:10.1029/2009GL041895.

Perrine, R.P., G.M. Milikh, K. Papadopoulos, J.D. Huba, G. Joyce, M. Swisdak, and Y. Dimant. 2006. An inter-hemispheric model of artificial ionospheric ducts. Radio Science 41:RS4002, doi:10.1029/2005RS003371.

Platino, M., U.S. Inan, T.F. Bell, M. Parrot, and E.J. Kennedy. 2006. DEMETER observations of ELF waves injected with the HAARP HF transmitter. Geophysical Research Letters 33:L16101, doi:10.1029/20006GL026462.

Pradipta, R., J.A. Cohen, M.C. Lee, A. Labno, L.M. Burton, R.J. Riddolls, W.J. Burke, M.J. Starks, and S.P. Kuo. 2008. Space plasma disturbances caused by NAU-launched whistler waves. Physica Scripta T 132:014030(1-5).

Pryse, S.E., E.L. Whittick, A.D. Aylward, H.R. Middleton, D.S. Brown, M. Lester, and J.A. Secan. 2009. Modelling the tongue-of-ionization using CTIP with SuperDARN electric potential input: Verification by radiotomography. Annales Geophysicae 27:1139-1152.

Rodriguez, P. 2008. Amateurs as an outreach of HAARP’s lunar-echo study. Nature 454:27.

Rodriquez, P. 2004. Solar radar astronomy with the low frequency array. Planetary and Space Science 52(15):1391-1398.

Shao, X., K. Papadopoulos, and A.S. Sharma. 2009. Control of the energetic proton flux in the inner radiation belt by artificial means. Journal of Geophysical Research 114:A07214, doi:10.1029/2009JA014066.

Streltsov, A.V., and T.R. Pedersen. 2010. An alternative method for generation of ULF waves by ionospheric heating. Geophysical Research Letters 37:L14101, doi:10.1029/2010GL043543.

Streltsov, A.V., M. Golkowski, U.S. Inan, and K.D. Papadopoulos. 2009. Effect of frequency modulation on whistler-mode waves in the magnetosphere. Journal of Geophysical Research 114:A08214.

Streltsov, A.V., M. Golkowski, U.S. Inan, and K.D. Papadopoulos. 2010. Propagation of whistler mode waves with a modulated frequency in the magnetosphere. Journal of Geophysical Research 115:A09209, doi:10.1029/2009JA015155.

Streltsov, A.V., T.R. Pedersen, E.V. Mishin, and A.L. Snyder. 2010. Ionospheric feedback instability and substorm development. Journal of Geophysical Research 115:A07205.

Streltsov, A.V., E.V. Mishin, and G. Joyce. 2009. Nonlinear interaction of broadband whistler waves with energetic electrons. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics 71(8-9):897-904.

Streltsov, A.V., W. Lotko, and G.M. Milikh. 2005. Simulation of ULF field-aligned currents generated by HF heating of the ionosphere. Journal of Geophysical Research 110:A04216.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Selected Publications." National Research Council. 2014. Opportunities for High-Power, High-Frequency Transmitters to Advance Ionospheric/Thermospheric Research: Report of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18620.
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Page 61
Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Selected Publications." National Research Council. 2014. Opportunities for High-Power, High-Frequency Transmitters to Advance Ionospheric/Thermospheric Research: Report of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18620.
×
Page 62
Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Selected Publications." National Research Council. 2014. Opportunities for High-Power, High-Frequency Transmitters to Advance Ionospheric/Thermospheric Research: Report of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18620.
×
Page 63
Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Selected Publications." National Research Council. 2014. Opportunities for High-Power, High-Frequency Transmitters to Advance Ionospheric/Thermospheric Research: Report of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18620.
×
Page 64
Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Selected Publications." National Research Council. 2014. Opportunities for High-Power, High-Frequency Transmitters to Advance Ionospheric/Thermospheric Research: Report of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18620.
×
Page 65
Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Selected Publications." National Research Council. 2014. Opportunities for High-Power, High-Frequency Transmitters to Advance Ionospheric/Thermospheric Research: Report of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18620.
×
Page 66
Next: Appendix F: Acronyms »
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Opportunities for High-Power, High-Frequency Transmitters to Advance Ionospheric/Thermospheric Research is the summary of a workshop convened by the Space Studies Board of the National Research Council in May 2013. The request for this workshop was informed by the sponsors' awareness of the possibility that tight budgets would result in the Department of Defense's curtailment or even termination1 of support for the High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP), which includes the world's highest-power and most capable high-frequency transmitter - "heater" - for ionospheric research. Although the workshop was organized to consider the utility of heaters in upper atmospheric research in general, it had a specific focus on the HAARP transmitter facility, which is located in a remote part of southeastern Alaska.

Research conducted by the ionospheric modifications community - a community that uses high-frequency transmitters to inject energy in the ionosphere and measure its effects using ground and space-based diagnostics - is focused on understanding the interaction of radio waves with the ionospheric plasma, the local consequences of heating in the ionosphere, and studies of non-linear plasma physics processes. The workshop provided a forum for information exchange between the comparatively small group of scientists engaged in programs of upper atmospheric research using high-power high-frequency radar transmitters and the larger ionospherethermosphere-magnetosphere research community.

This report examines the state of the art in active ionospheric and thermospheric research; considers the fundamental research areas in ionospheric science that can be addressed using high-power high-frequency-band transmitters; discusses emerging science questions that might benefit from active ionospheric experiments in the sub-auroral zone; and considers ways to combine similar facilities to perform global ionospheric science. The report also examines research opportunities that might arise from the relocation of the AMISR incoherent scatter radar from the Poker Flat Research Facility in Poker Flat, AK to Gakona, AK, the location of the HAARP facility.

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