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Introduction
In response to a request from the U.S. Army Research Institute
(ARI), a National Research Council (NRC) committee was formed
to undertake, over a one-year period, a study of new technologies
in cognitive psychophysiology, particularly tenth respect to potential
applications to military problems. The committee was asked to carry
out the following tasks: review and amess current research relevant to
issues concerning the relationship between the new technologies and
cognitive skills; on the bash of this review, assess the likelihood that
progress will be made in the foreseeable future; identify opportunities
for basic and applied research with proper recognition of ethical
issues; and assess the feasibility add desirability of a major study on
the relation between cognitive science and neuroscience.
Because of the study's time limitations, this report covers only
the four technologies that were examined by the committee: (1)
event-related brain potentials (ERPs), (2) the magnetoencephalo-
gra~n (MEG), (3) brain-imaging techniques (PET and MRI), and (4)
the approach based on studying patients with brain lesions or dis-
connections, usually caused by accidents or traumas. The committee
considered the critical conceptual and empirical problems facing the
field as well ~ potential opportunities provided by the technologies
for better understanding of cognitive processes. The discussion in
this report of these basic and applied issues is the basis for the
committee's recommendations.
Following this introduction, the report is organized into five
chapters. Chapter 2 is an attempt to define the field of cognitive
s
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6
BRAIN AND COGNITION: SOME NEW TECHNOLOGIES
psychophysiology, distinguishing first between cognitive psychology
on one hand and psychophysiology on the other, and then discussing
the advantages of combining the two into an enlarged discipline.
Chapter 3 consists of a detailed discussion of each of the technologies,
including a review of current research, appraisals of the likelihood
of progress, and a discussion of opportunities for future research.
Chapter 4 discusses problems that must be resolved if progress is
to be made. Chapter 5 deals with applications and ethical issues.
Chapter 6 considers the feasibility of an enlarged study of the relation
between cognitive science and neuroscience.
This structure is intended to facilitate the task of reading the re-
port. Discussions of the four technologies are found in two chapters:
Chapter 3 presents a description of each technology, a discussion of
methodological issues, and a review of relevant empirical research.
Chapter 4 discusses problems and issues concerning the use of each
technology for research and application. The reader with more back-
ground in the areas under study will find this part to be of special
interest.
Representative terms from entire chapter:
cognitive skills
