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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine. 2014. The Current State of Obesity Solutions in the United States: Workshop Summary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18742.
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THE CURRENT STATE OF

OBESITY SOLUTIONS

IN THE UNITED STATES

Workshop Summary

Steve Olson, Rapporteur

Roundtable on Obesity Solutions

Food and Nutrition Board

INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE
            OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS

Washington, D.C.

www.nap.edu

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine. 2014. The Current State of Obesity Solutions in the United States: Workshop Summary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18742.
×

THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS    500 Fifth Street, NW    Washington, DC 20001

NOTICE: The workshop that is the subject of this workshop summary was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine.

This activity was supported by contracts between the National Academy of Sciences and The JPB Foundation (Contract No. 10001561); Kaiser Permanente (Contract No. 10001518); The Kresge Foundation (Contract No. 10001539); Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (Contract No. 10001565); Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics; Alliance for a Healthier Generation; American Academy for Pediatrics; American College of Sports Medicine; American Council on Exercise; American Heart Association; American Society for Nutrition; Bipartisan Policy Center; Blue Cross Blue Shield of North Carolina; ChildObesity180/Tufts University; Edelman; General Mills, Inc.; Greater Rochester Health Foundation; HealthPartners, Inc.; Healthy Weight Commitment Foundation; Highmark, Inc.; Kellogg Company; Mars, Inc.; Nemours Foundation; Nestlé Nutrition, North America; Nestlé USA; The Obesity Society; Partnership for a Healthier America; President’s Council on Fitness, Sports, and Nutrition; Reebok, International; Salud America!; Sesame Workshop; and YMCA of the USA. The views presented in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the organizations or agencies that provided support for the activity.

International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-309-30275-3
International Standard Book Number-10: 0-309-30275-7

Additional copies of this workshop summary are available for sale from the National Academies Press, 500 Fifth Street, NW, Keck 360, Washington, DC 20001; (800) 624-6242 or (202) 334-3313; http://www.nap.edu.

For more information about the Institute of Medicine, visit the IOM home page at: www.iom.edu.

Copyright 2014 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.

Printed in the United States of America

The serpent has been a symbol of long life, healing, and knowledge among almost all cultures and religions since the beginning of recorded history. The serpent adopted as a logotype by the Institute of Medicine is a relief carving from ancient Greece, now held by the Staatliche Museen in Berlin.

Suggested citation: IOM (Institute of Medicine). 2014. The current state of obesity solutions in the United States: Workshop summary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine. 2014. The Current State of Obesity Solutions in the United States: Workshop Summary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18742.
×

Knowing is not enough; we must apply.
Willing is not enough; we must do.
”      

                                                —Goethe

image

INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE
              OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

Advising the Nation. Improving Health.

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine. 2014. The Current State of Obesity Solutions in the United States: Workshop Summary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18742.
×

THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

Advisers to the Nation on Science, Engineering, and Medicine

The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone is president of the National Academy of Sciences.

The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. C. D. Mote, Jr., is president of the National Academy of Engineering.

The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, upon its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Harvey V. Fineberg is president of the Institute of Medicine.

The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy’s purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone and Dr. C. D. Mote, Jr., are chair and vice chair, respectively, of the National Research Council.

www.national-academies.org

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine. 2014. The Current State of Obesity Solutions in the United States: Workshop Summary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18742.
×

PLANNING COMMITTEE FOR A WORKSHOP ON THE CURRENT STATE OF OBESITY SOLUTIONS IN THE UNITED STATES1

BILL PURCELL III (Chair), Jones Hawkins & Farmer, PLC, Nashville, Tennessee

RUSSELL R. PATE (Vice Chair), University of South Carolina, Columbia

MARY T. STORY (Vice Chair), Duke University, Durham, North Carolina

LISA GABLE, Healthy Weight Commitment Foundation, Washington, DC

SHIRIKI KUMANYIKA, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia

LOEL SOLOMON, Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, California

IOM Staff

LYNN PARKER, Scholar

LESLIE J. SIM, Senior Program Officer

HEATHER DEL VALLE COOK, Program Officer

SARAH ZIEGENHORN, Research Associate

SARAH SIEGEL, Senior Program Assistant

Consultant

WILLIAM H. DIETZ, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (retired)

____________

1Institute of Medicine planning committees are solely responsible for organizing the workshop, identifying topics, and choosing speakers. The responsibility for the published workshop summary rests with the workshop rapporteur and the institution.

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine. 2014. The Current State of Obesity Solutions in the United States: Workshop Summary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18742.
×

ROUNDTABLE ON OBESITY SOLUTIONS1

BILL PURCELL III (Chair), Jones Hawkins & Farmer, PLC, Nashville, Tennessee

RUSSELL R. PATE (Vice Chair), University of South Carolina, Columbia

MARY T. STORY (Vice Chair), Duke University, Durham, North Carolina

SHARON ADAMS-TAYLOR, American Association of School Administrators, Alexandria, Virginia

NELSON G. ALMEIDA, Kellogg Company, Battle Creek, Michigan

LEON ANDREWS, National League of Cities, Washington, DC

SHAVON ARLINE-BRADLEY, National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, Baltimore, Maryland

HEIDI MICHELS BLANCK, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia

DON W. BRADLEY, Blue Cross and Blue Shield of North Carolina, Durham

CEDRIC X. BRYANT, American Council on Exercise, San Diego, California

DEBBIE I. CHANG, Nemours Foundation, Newark, Delaware

YVONNE COOK, Highmark, Inc., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

EDWARD COONEY, Congressional Hunger Center, Washington, DC

KITTY HSU DANA, United Way Worldwide, Alexandria, Virginia

BONNIE C. DEVINNEY, Greater Rochester Health Foundation, Rochester, New York

CHRISTINA ECONOMOS, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts

DAVID D. FUKUZAWA, The Kresge Foundation, Troy, Michigan

LISA GABLE, Healthy Weight Commitment Foundation, Washington, DC

PAUL GRIMWOOD, Nestlé USA, Glendale, California

SANDRA G. HASSINK, American Academy for Pediatrics, Wilmington, Delaware

SCOTT I. KAHAN, STOP Obesity Alliance, Washington, DC

SHIRIKI KUMANYIKA, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia

CATHERINE KWIK-URIBE, Mars, Inc., Germantown, Maryland

THEODORE KYLE, The Obesity Society, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

LISEL LOY, Bipartisan Policy Center, Washington, DC

MARY-JO MAKARCHUK, Canadian Institutes of Health Research/ Instituts de recherche en santé du Canada, Toronto, Ontario

LINDA D. MEYERS, American Society for Nutrition, Bethesda, Maryland

H. MELVIN MING, Sesame Workshop, New York, New York

NEIL NICOLL, YMCA of the USA, Chicago, Illinois

__________

1Institute of Medicine forums and roundtables do not issue, review, or approve individual documents. The responsibility for the published workshop summary rests with the workshop rapporteur and the institution.

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine. 2014. The Current State of Obesity Solutions in the United States: Workshop Summary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18742.
×

SHELLIE PFOHL, President’s Council on Fitness, Sports, and Nutrition, Rockville, Maryland

BARBARA PICOWER, The JPB Foundation, New York, New York

DWAYNE PROCTOR, Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, Princeton, New Jersey

NICOLAS P. PRONK, HealthPartners, Inc., Minneapolis, Minnesota

AMELIE G. RAMIREZ, Salud America!, San Antonio, Texas

OLIVIA ROANHORSE, Notah Begay III Foundation, Santa Ana Pueblo, New Mexico

SYLVIA ROWE, S.R. Strategy, LLC, Washington, DC

JOSE (PEPE) M. SAAVEDRA, Nestlé Nutrition, North America, Florham Park, New Jersey

MARGIE SAIDEL, Chartwells School Dining Services, Toms River, New Jersey

JAMES F. SALLIS, University of California, San Diego

EDUARDO J. SANCHEZ, American Heart Association, Dallas, Texas

BRIAN SMEDLEY, Joint Center for Political and Economic Studies, Washington, DC

LAWRENCE SOLER, Partnership for a Healthier America, Washington, DC

LOEL S. SOLOMON, Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, California

ALISON L. STEIBER, Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, Chicago, Illinois

MAHA TAHIRI, General Mills, Inc., Minneapolis, Minnesota

KATHLEEN TULLIE, Reebok, International, Canton, Massachusetts

TISH VAN DYKE, Edelman, Washington, DC

HOWELL WECHSLER, Alliance for a Healthier Generation, New York, New York

JAMES R. WHITEHEAD, American College of Sports Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana

IOM Staff

LYNN PARKER, Scholar

LESLIE J. SIM, Senior Program Officer

HEATHER DEL VALLE COOK, Program Officer

SARAH ZIEGENHORN, Research Associate

SARAH SIEGEL, Senior Program Assistant

FAYE HILLMAN, Financial Associate

GERALDINE KENNEDO, Administrative Assistant

ANN L. YAKTINE, Interim Director, Food and Nutrition Board

Consultant

WILLIAM H. DIETZ, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (retired)

Page viii Cite
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine. 2014. The Current State of Obesity Solutions in the United States: Workshop Summary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18742.
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Reviewers

This workshop summary has been reviewed in draft form by individuals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise, in accordance with procedures approved by the National Research Council’s Report Review Committee. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the institution in making its published workshop summary as sound as possible and to ensure that the summary meets institutional standards for objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the study charge. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the process. We wish to thank the following individuals for their review of this workshop summary:

Jessica Donze-Black, The Pew Charitable Trusts

Tracy Fox, Food, Nutrition, and Policy, Consultants

Sandra Hassink, A.I. Dupont Hospital for Children

Geri Henchy, Food Research and Action Center

Ellen Wartella, Northwestern University

Although the reviewers listed above provided many constructive comments and suggestions, they did not see the final draft of the workshop summary before its release. The review of this summary was overseen by Hugh Tilson, University of North Carolina. Appointed by the Institute of Medicine, he was responsible for making certain that an independent examination of this summary was carried out in accordance with institutional procedures and that all review comments were carefully considered. Responsibility for the final content of this summary rests entirely with the rapporteur and the institution.

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For the first time in decades, promising news has emerged regarding efforts to curb the obesity crisis in the United States. Obesity rates have fallen among low-income children in 18 states, the prevalence of obesity has plateaued among girls, regardless of ethnicity, and targeted efforts in states such as Massachusetts have demonstrably reduced the prevalence of obesity among children. Although the reasons for this turnaround are as complex and multifaceted as the reasons for the dramatic rise in obesity rates in recent decades, interventions to improve nutrition and increase physical activity are almost certainly major contributors. Yet major problems remain. Diseases associated with obesity continue to incur substantial costs and cause widespread human suffering. Moreover, substantial disparities in obesity rates exist among population groups, and in some cases these disparities are widening. Some groups and regions are continuing to experience increases in obesity rates, and the prevalence of severe obesity is continuing to rise.

The Current State of Obesity Solutions in the United States is the summary of a workshop convened in January 2014 by the Institute of Medicine Roundtable on Obesity Solutions to foster an ongoing dialogue on critical and emerging implementation, policy, and research issues to accelerate progress in obesity prevention and care. Representatives of public health, health care, government, the food industry, education, philanthropy, the nonprofit sector, and academia met to discuss interventions designed to prevent and treat obesity. The workshop focused on early care and education, schools, worksites, health care institutions, communities and states, the federal government, and business and industry. For each of these groups, this report provides an overview of current efforts to improve nutrition, increase physical activity, and reduce disparities among populations.

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