THE CURRENT STATE OF
OBESITY SOLUTIONS
IN THE UNITED STATES
Workshop Summary
Steve Olson, Rapporteur
Roundtable on Obesity Solutions
Food and Nutrition Board
INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE
OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS
Washington, D.C.
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS 500 Fifth Street, NW Washington, DC 20001
NOTICE: The workshop that is the subject of this workshop summary was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine.
This activity was supported by contracts between the National Academy of Sciences and The JPB Foundation (Contract No. 10001561); Kaiser Permanente (Contract No. 10001518); The Kresge Foundation (Contract No. 10001539); Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (Contract No. 10001565); Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics; Alliance for a Healthier Generation; American Academy for Pediatrics; American College of Sports Medicine; American Council on Exercise; American Heart Association; American Society for Nutrition; Bipartisan Policy Center; Blue Cross Blue Shield of North Carolina; ChildObesity180/Tufts University; Edelman; General Mills, Inc.; Greater Rochester Health Foundation; HealthPartners, Inc.; Healthy Weight Commitment Foundation; Highmark, Inc.; Kellogg Company; Mars, Inc.; Nemours Foundation; Nestlé Nutrition, North America; Nestlé USA; The Obesity Society; Partnership for a Healthier America; President’s Council on Fitness, Sports, and Nutrition; Reebok, International; Salud America!; Sesame Workshop; and YMCA of the USA. The views presented in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the organizations or agencies that provided support for the activity.
International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-309-30275-3
International Standard Book Number-10: 0-309-30275-7
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Suggested citation: IOM (Institute of Medicine). 2014. The current state of obesity solutions in the United States: Workshop summary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
“Knowing is not enough; we must apply.
Willing is not enough; we must do.”
—Goethe
INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE
OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES
Advising the Nation. Improving Health.
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES
Advisers to the Nation on Science, Engineering, and Medicine
The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone is president of the National Academy of Sciences.
The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. C. D. Mote, Jr., is president of the National Academy of Engineering.
The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, upon its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Harvey V. Fineberg is president of the Institute of Medicine.
The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy’s purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone and Dr. C. D. Mote, Jr., are chair and vice chair, respectively, of the National Research Council.
PLANNING COMMITTEE FOR A WORKSHOP ON THE CURRENT STATE OF OBESITY SOLUTIONS IN THE UNITED STATES1
BILL PURCELL III (Chair), Jones Hawkins & Farmer, PLC, Nashville, Tennessee
RUSSELL R. PATE (Vice Chair), University of South Carolina, Columbia
MARY T. STORY (Vice Chair), Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
LISA GABLE, Healthy Weight Commitment Foundation, Washington, DC
SHIRIKI KUMANYIKA, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
LOEL SOLOMON, Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, California
IOM Staff
LYNN PARKER, Scholar
LESLIE J. SIM, Senior Program Officer
HEATHER DEL VALLE COOK, Program Officer
SARAH ZIEGENHORN, Research Associate
SARAH SIEGEL, Senior Program Assistant
Consultant
WILLIAM H. DIETZ, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (retired)
____________
1Institute of Medicine planning committees are solely responsible for organizing the workshop, identifying topics, and choosing speakers. The responsibility for the published workshop summary rests with the workshop rapporteur and the institution.
ROUNDTABLE ON OBESITY SOLUTIONS1
BILL PURCELL III (Chair), Jones Hawkins & Farmer, PLC, Nashville, Tennessee
RUSSELL R. PATE (Vice Chair), University of South Carolina, Columbia
MARY T. STORY (Vice Chair), Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
SHARON ADAMS-TAYLOR, American Association of School Administrators, Alexandria, Virginia
NELSON G. ALMEIDA, Kellogg Company, Battle Creek, Michigan
LEON ANDREWS, National League of Cities, Washington, DC
SHAVON ARLINE-BRADLEY, National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, Baltimore, Maryland
HEIDI MICHELS BLANCK, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
DON W. BRADLEY, Blue Cross and Blue Shield of North Carolina, Durham
CEDRIC X. BRYANT, American Council on Exercise, San Diego, California
DEBBIE I. CHANG, Nemours Foundation, Newark, Delaware
YVONNE COOK, Highmark, Inc., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
EDWARD COONEY, Congressional Hunger Center, Washington, DC
KITTY HSU DANA, United Way Worldwide, Alexandria, Virginia
BONNIE C. DEVINNEY, Greater Rochester Health Foundation, Rochester, New York
CHRISTINA ECONOMOS, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts
DAVID D. FUKUZAWA, The Kresge Foundation, Troy, Michigan
LISA GABLE, Healthy Weight Commitment Foundation, Washington, DC
PAUL GRIMWOOD, Nestlé USA, Glendale, California
SANDRA G. HASSINK, American Academy for Pediatrics, Wilmington, Delaware
SCOTT I. KAHAN, STOP Obesity Alliance, Washington, DC
SHIRIKI KUMANYIKA, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
CATHERINE KWIK-URIBE, Mars, Inc., Germantown, Maryland
THEODORE KYLE, The Obesity Society, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
LISEL LOY, Bipartisan Policy Center, Washington, DC
MARY-JO MAKARCHUK, Canadian Institutes of Health Research/ Instituts de recherche en santé du Canada, Toronto, Ontario
LINDA D. MEYERS, American Society for Nutrition, Bethesda, Maryland
H. MELVIN MING, Sesame Workshop, New York, New York
NEIL NICOLL, YMCA of the USA, Chicago, Illinois
__________
1Institute of Medicine forums and roundtables do not issue, review, or approve individual documents. The responsibility for the published workshop summary rests with the workshop rapporteur and the institution.
SHELLIE PFOHL, President’s Council on Fitness, Sports, and Nutrition, Rockville, Maryland
BARBARA PICOWER, The JPB Foundation, New York, New York
DWAYNE PROCTOR, Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, Princeton, New Jersey
NICOLAS P. PRONK, HealthPartners, Inc., Minneapolis, Minnesota
AMELIE G. RAMIREZ, Salud America!, San Antonio, Texas
OLIVIA ROANHORSE, Notah Begay III Foundation, Santa Ana Pueblo, New Mexico
SYLVIA ROWE, S.R. Strategy, LLC, Washington, DC
JOSE (PEPE) M. SAAVEDRA, Nestlé Nutrition, North America, Florham Park, New Jersey
MARGIE SAIDEL, Chartwells School Dining Services, Toms River, New Jersey
JAMES F. SALLIS, University of California, San Diego
EDUARDO J. SANCHEZ, American Heart Association, Dallas, Texas
BRIAN SMEDLEY, Joint Center for Political and Economic Studies, Washington, DC
LAWRENCE SOLER, Partnership for a Healthier America, Washington, DC
LOEL S. SOLOMON, Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, California
ALISON L. STEIBER, Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, Chicago, Illinois
MAHA TAHIRI, General Mills, Inc., Minneapolis, Minnesota
KATHLEEN TULLIE, Reebok, International, Canton, Massachusetts
TISH VAN DYKE, Edelman, Washington, DC
HOWELL WECHSLER, Alliance for a Healthier Generation, New York, New York
JAMES R. WHITEHEAD, American College of Sports Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
IOM Staff
LYNN PARKER, Scholar
LESLIE J. SIM, Senior Program Officer
HEATHER DEL VALLE COOK, Program Officer
SARAH ZIEGENHORN, Research Associate
SARAH SIEGEL, Senior Program Assistant
FAYE HILLMAN, Financial Associate
GERALDINE KENNEDO, Administrative Assistant
ANN L. YAKTINE, Interim Director, Food and Nutrition Board
Consultant
WILLIAM H. DIETZ, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (retired)
Reviewers
This workshop summary has been reviewed in draft form by individuals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise, in accordance with procedures approved by the National Research Council’s Report Review Committee. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the institution in making its published workshop summary as sound as possible and to ensure that the summary meets institutional standards for objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the study charge. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the process. We wish to thank the following individuals for their review of this workshop summary:
Jessica Donze-Black, The Pew Charitable Trusts
Tracy Fox, Food, Nutrition, and Policy, Consultants
Sandra Hassink, A.I. Dupont Hospital for Children
Geri Henchy, Food Research and Action Center
Ellen Wartella, Northwestern University
Although the reviewers listed above provided many constructive comments and suggestions, they did not see the final draft of the workshop summary before its release. The review of this summary was overseen by Hugh Tilson, University of North Carolina. Appointed by the Institute of Medicine, he was responsible for making certain that an independent examination of this summary was carried out in accordance with institutional procedures and that all review comments were carefully considered. Responsibility for the final content of this summary rests entirely with the rapporteur and the institution.