Strategic Engagement in Global S&T: Opportunities for Defense Research (2014)

Below is the uncorrected machine-read text of this chapter, intended to provide our own search engines and external engines with highly rich, chapter-representative searchable text of each book. Because it is UNCORRECTED material, please consider the following text as a useful but insufficient proxy for the authoritative book pages.

A Committee Member Biographies ARDEN BEMENT (Co-Chair) Dr. Arden L. Bement Jr. is the director of the Global Policy Research Institute at Purdue University. Prior to his current position, he was the director of the Na- tional Science Foundation (NSF) from 2004 to 2010 and the director of the Na- tional Institute of Standards and Technology from 2001 to 2004. He served as a member of the U.S. National Commission for UNESCO and as the vice-chair of the Commission’s Natural Sciences and Engineering Committee. He is a mem- ber of the U.S. National Academy of Engineering, a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. Prior to his appointment at NIST, Dr. Bement was the David A. Ross Distinguished Professor of Nuclear Engineering and head of the School of Nuclear Engineering. He has held appointments at Purdue University in the schools of Nuclear Engineering, Materials Engineering, and Electrical and Computer Engineering, as well as a courtesy appointment in the Krannert School of Management. Dr. Bement joined the Purdue faculty in 1992 after a 39-year career in industry, government and academia. His positions included vice president of technical resources and of science and technology for TRW Inc. (1980–1992); Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engi- neering (1979–1980); director, Office of Materials Science, DARPA (1976– 1979); professor of nuclear materials, MIT (1970–1976); manager, Fuels and Materials Department and the Metallurgy Research Department, Battelle Northwest Laboratories (1965–1970); and senior research associate, General Electric Co. (1954–1965). He has also been a director of Keithley Instruments Inc. and the Lord Corp. and a member of the Science and Technology Advisory Committee for the Howmet Corp., a division of ALCOA. Dr. Bement holds an engineer of metallurgy degree from the Colorado School of Mines, a M.S. in metallurgical engineering from the University of Idaho, a Ph.D. in metallurgical engineering from the University of Michigan, and honorary doctorates from Cleveland State University, Case Western Reserve University, and the Colorado School of Mines, as well as a Chinese Academy of Sciences Graduate School honorary professorship. He is a retired Lieutenant Colonel of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, and a recipient of the Distinguished Service Medal of the 91 

92 Strategic Engagement in Global S&T Department of Defense. He has been awarded the Order of the Rising Sun, Gold and Silver Star, from the Empire of Japan and the Chevalier dans l’Ordre Na- tional de la Légion d’Honneur from the French Republic. RUTH DAVID (Co-Chair) Dr. Ruth David is the president and chief executive officer of Analytic Services Inc. (ANSER), an independent, not-for-profit, public service research institution that provides research and analytic support on national and transnational issues. Since 2009, Dr. David has served as the chair of the Board on Global Science and Technology of the National Research Council; she previously chaired the NRC Standing Committee on Technology Insight—Gauge, Evaluate, and Re- view, which focused on global technology forecasting. From September 1995 to September 1998, Dr. David was deputy director for Science and Technology at the Central Intelligence Agency. As technical advisor to the director of Central Intelligence, she was responsible for research, development, and deployment of technologies in support of all phases of the intelligence process. She represented the CIA on numerous national committees and advisory bodies, including the National Science and Technology Council and the Committee on National Secu- rity. Upon her departure from this position, she was awarded the CIA’s Distin- guished Intelligence Medal, the CIA Director’s Award, the Director of NSA Distinguished Service Medal, the National Reconnaissance Officer’s Award for Distinguished Service, and the Defense Intelligence Director’s Award. Previous- ly, Dr. David served in several leadership positions at the Sandia National La- boratories, where she began her professional career in 1975. Dr. David has also been an adjunct professor at the University of New Mexico. She has technical experience in digital and microprocessor-based system design, digital signal analysis, adaptive signal analysis, and system integration. Dr. David is a mem- ber of the Department of Homeland Security Advisory Council, the National Academy of Engineering, the Corporation for the Charles Stark Draper Labora- tory, Inc., and is a senior fellow of the Defense Science Board, and a director of the Hertz Foundation. She also serves on advisory boards for the Stevens Insti- tute of Technology School of Systems and Enterprises, the DoD-sponsored Sys- tems Engineering Research Center, the Wichita State University Dean’s Indus- trial Advisory Board for the College of Engineering, and the Wichita State University Foundation, as well as other governmental organizations. Dr. David received a B.S. in electrical engineering from Wichita State University and a M.S. and Ph.D. in electrical engineering from Stanford University. JIM C. I. CHANG Dr. Jim C.I. Chang is currently the visiting chair professor at the National Cheng Kung University in Tainan, Taiwan. He is also an adjunct Professor in the De- partment of Electrical and Computer Engineering at North Carolina State Uni- versity (following seven years, 2005–2012, as a research professor there). Prior to that, Dr. Chang served as chief scientist at the Army Research Laboratory 

Appendix A 93 (2010–2012) and as director of materials, mechanics, and micro-systems at the Asian Office of Aerospace Research and Development (AOARD) in Tokyo, Japan (2005–2010). Between 1998 and 2005, Dr. Chang held dual positions as the Army Research Laboratory (ARL) deputy director for basic science and the director of the Army Research Office (ARO). As the ARL deputy director for basic science, Dr. Chang was the senior science and technology executive charged with oversight of the entire ARL basic research (6.1) program. As such he was responsible for maintaining a coherent basic research program among all of the Army 6.1 components and assuring the transition of research to technolo- gy development. As the ARO Director, Dr. Chang managed an extramural re- search program in the physical and engineering sciences that included over $160 million in single investigator research and over 40 multidisciplinary research centers. Between 1990 and 1998, Dr. Chang was the director of the Aerospace and Materials Sciences Directorate for the Air Force Office of Scientific Re- search (AFOSR), where he managed the $50 million Air Force basic research programs supporting aircraft, tactical and ballistic missiles, and spacecraft de- sign and operation. Between 1998 and 1990, Dr. Chang was chief scientist at the Naval Air Systems Command; prior to that he served as manager in the Office of Systems Assessment with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (1988–1989). Between 1978 and 1988, Dr. Chang was a branch head at the Na- val Research Laboratory where he led research and development efforts in mate- rials, mechanics, structures, and thermal sciences. Dr. Chang was born in China during World War II. After completing his B.S. in hydraulic engineering from Taiwan Cheng-Kung University, he immigrated to the United States and re- ceived a M.S. in civil engineering at Michigan Technological University and a Ph.D. in theoretical and applied mechanics at Cornell University. Dr. Chang entered federal service in 1978. He has published more than 40 publications and served as an associate editor and reviewer for several professional journals. PAUL CHU Dr. Paul Chu is professor of physics and T.L.L. Temple Chair of Science in the College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics at the University of Houston spe- cializing in superconductivity, magnetism, and dielectrics. Dr. Chu also previ- ously served as president of the Hong Kong University of Science and Technol- ogy from 2001 to 2009. Born in Hunan, China, Dr. Chu holds a B.S. in physics from National Cheng Kung University in Taiwan (1962), a M.S. in physics from Fordham University (1965), and a Ph.D. in physics from the University of Cali- fornia at San Diego (1968). After two years doing industrial research with Bell Laboratories at Murray Hill, New Jersey, Dr. Chu joined the faculty at Cleve- land State University first as assistant professor of physics in 1970 and then as associate professor and professor of physics in 1973 and 1975, respectively. In 1979, Dr. Chu became professor of physics at the University of Houston. In 1987, after discovering (with Maw-Kuen Wu) superconductivity above 77K in YBCO, Dr. Chu became director of the Texas Center for Superconductivity (un- 

94 Strategic Engagement in Global S&T til 2001) and T.L.L. Temple Chair of Science, which he still holds today. Dr. Chu has previously served as a consultant and visiting staff member at Bell La- boratories, Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory, the Marshall Space Flight Center, Argonne National Laboratory, and DuPont. He has received numerous awards and honors for his work in superconductivity, including the National Medal of Science, the Comstock Prize in Physics, and the International Prize for New Materials in 1988. He was an invited contributor to the White House National Millennium Time Capsule at the National Archives in 2000 and was selected the Best Researcher in the U.S. by U.S. News and World Report in 1990. In 1989, Dr. Chu was elected a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. He is a member of the National Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (foreign member), Academia Sinica, Russian Academy of Engineering, and the Third World Academy of Sciences. SUSAN COZZENS Dr. Susan E. Cozzens is professor of public policy, director of the Technology Policy and Assessment Center, and vice provost for graduate education and fac- ulty affairs at Georgia Tech. Dr. Cozzens’s research interests are in science, technology, and innovation policies in developing countries, including issues of equity, equality, and development. She is active internationally in developing methods for research assessment and science and technology indicators. Her current projects are on water and energy technologies, nanotechnology, social entrepreneurship, pro-poor technology programs, and international research col- laboration. From 1998 through 2003, Dr. Cozzens served as chair of the Georgia Tech School of Public Policy. From 1995 through 1997, Dr. Cozzens was direc- tor of the Office of Policy Support at the National Science Foundation. The Of- fice of Policy Support coordinated policy and management initiatives for the NSF director, primarily in peer review, strategic planning, and assessment. Be- fore joining Georgia Tech, Dr. Cozzens spent 11 years on the faculty of Rensse- laer Polytechnic Institute. Dr. Cozzens holds a Ph.D. in sociology from Colum- bia University (1985) and a bachelor’s degree from Michigan State University (1972). PATRICIA L. GRUBER (01/09/13–12/31/13) Dr. Patricia L. Gruber is currently technical director at the Office of Naval Re- search Global. Prior to that, Dr. Gruber was vice President of the Maritime Sys- tems Division at the Batelle Memorial Institute. Prior to this position, Dr. Gruber was the deputy director of the Applied Research Lab (ARL) at the Penn- sylvania State University (2009–2012). Dr. Gruber has also served as the direc- tor of research at the Office of Naval Research, where she was responsible for Naval S&T strategic planning and for the overall integration of the Discovery and Invention portfolio (6.1 and early 6.2) in support of naval mission areas (2006–2008). Prior to her ONR assignment, Dr. Gruber served as a senior re- search associate at ARL Penn State (2003–2005). Dr. Gruber has held a number 

Appendix A 95 of technical management and business development positions at Lucent Tech- nologies Bell Laboratories and Marconi Communications (1996–2002). At AT&T Solutions, she was a solution architect responsible for development and implementation of complex IT outsourcing contracts. As a Distinguished Mem- ber of Technical Staff at AT&T Bell Laboratories, she was a program manager for Navy undersea surveillance programs. Dr. Gruber began her career as a re- search physicist in the Acoustics Division at the Naval Research Laboratory. Dr. Gruber is a recipient of the Superior Public Service Award. She is a consultant to the Army Science Board and is a member of the Acoustical Society of Ameri- ca. Dr. Gruber holds a B.S. in meteorology from Pennsylvania State University and a M.S. and Ph.D. in marine physics from the University of Miami. DANIEL HASTINGS Dr. Daniel Hastings is the Cecil and Ida Green Education Professor of Aero- nautics and Astronautics and Engineering Systems. He has taught courses and seminars in plasma physics, rocket propulsion, advanced space power and pro- pulsion systems, aerospace policy, technology and policy, and space systems engineering. From 1997 to 1999, Dr. Hastings was the U.S. Air Force’s chief scientist. In that role, he was chief scientific adviser to the chief of staff and the secretary and provided assessments on a wide range of scientific and technical issues affecting the Air Force mission. He led influential studies about Air Force investment in space, global energy projection, and options for a 21st century science and technology workforce. Dr. Hastings’ recent research has concentrat- ed on space systems and space policy, and on spacecraft-environmental interac- tions, space propulsion, space systems engineering, and space policy. He has published many papers and a book on spacecraft-environment interactions, and several papers in space propulsion and space systems. He has led national stud- ies on government investment in space technology. Dr. Hastings joined the MIT faculty as an assistant professor in 1985. He served as the director of the MIT Technology and Policy Program, the Engineering Systems Division and as the dean for undergraduate education. In his role as dean at MIT, he focused on sub- stantially increasing the number and quality of the global experiences in the MIT undergraduate education. He is currently the director and CEO of the Singapore MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, one of the global S&T enterprises for MIT. PETER HOFFMAN Mr. Peter Hoffman is vice president of intellectual property management at the Boeing Company. Prior to this position, he served as director of global research and development strategy for Boeing Research & Technology, the company’s advanced research organization. In that role, he was responsible for developing technology collaboration relationships with companies, universities, and nation- al laboratories around the world. During the past decade, Mr. Hoffman has played a leadership role in the expansion of Boeing’s global technology activi- 

96 Strategic Engagement in Global S&T ties and was instrumental in the establishment of research centers in Australia, India, and China and numerous technology relationships in Europe, Asia, the Middle East, and the Americas. Mr. Hoffman joined Boeing in 1984. He has held positions in international business development and spent 14 years conduct- ing research in the area of advanced materials and structures. Mr. Hoffman earned a bachelor’s of science degree in mechanical engineering technology, a master’s of science degree in mechanical engineering from the University of Tennessee, a master’s of manufacturing engineering from Washington Universi- ty in St. Louis, and a master’s of international business from St. Louis Universi- ty. ANTHONY (BUD) ROCK Mr. Anthony Rock has been the chief executive officer for the Association of Science and Technology Centers since 2009. Previous to this position, he served as vice president for global engagement at Arizona State University (ASU), where he was responsible for expanding global awareness among students and developing new and creative international programs of research and scholarship. Before joining ASU, Mr. Rock had a distinguished three-decade career in U.S. government service, much of it within the Department of State, promoting scien- tific and technological collaboration throughout the world. His diplomatic ser- vice culminated in his five-year appointment as principal deputy assistant secre- tary of state responsible for oceans, environment, and science. Mr. Rock served abroad as minister for science, technology, environment, health, and non- proliferation affairs in the United States Embassy in Paris, France; was the counselor for environment, science, technology, and health at the United States Mission to the European Union in Brussels, Belgium; and was counselor for environment, science, technology, and health at the United States Embassy in Tel Aviv, Israel. Mr. Rock also held positions in the Office of the United States Trade Representative, Executive Office of the President, as director for Europe- an technology and trade affairs and as director of Middle East trade affairs. In the Department of State, Mr. Rock served as chief of policy planning in the Bu- reau of Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs (OES); chief for international health policy and chief of international technology policy. Prior to his diplomatic service, Mr. Rock was employed by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) of the U.S. Department of Com- merce. JAMES WILSDON Dr. James Wilsdon is professor of science and democracy in SPRU (Science Policy Research Unit) at Sussex University in the United Kingdom. Dr. Wilsdon joined SPRU in December 2011. From 2008 to 2011, he was the founding direc- tor of the Science Policy Centre at the Royal Society, the UK’s national acade- my of science, where he oversaw policy studies on topics such as geoengineering, food security, science diplomacy, open science, and the future 

Appendix A 97 of international scientific collaboration. He also led the Royal Society’s evi- dence gathering and advocacy for investment in research through the 2010 UK General Election and Spending Review. From 2001 to 2008, Dr. Wilsdon worked at the London-based think tank Demos, first as head of strategy, and then as head of science and innovation. At Demos, he was also project director of “The Atlas of Ideas,” a two-year study of science in emerging economies, described by the Financial Times as “the most comprehensive analysis yet of science and innovation in China, India and South Korea.” From 1997 to 2001, he was senior policy adviser at the sustainability charity Forum for the Future. Dr. Wilsdon has researched and written widely on science and innovation poli- cy, emerging technologies, and the globalization of research. His publications include The Scientific Century (Royal Society, 2010), The Atlas of Ideas (De- mos, 2007), China: the next science superpower? (Demos, 2007), The Public Value of Science (Demos, 2005), See-through Science (Demos, 2004), and Digi- tal Futures (Earthscan, 2001). He reviews regularly for the Financial Times and Times Higher Education, and has also written for Nature, the Guardian, China Daily, and openDemocracy. Dr. Wilsdon has a first-class degree in philosophy and theology from Oxford University and a doctorate in technology policy from Middlesex University. He is a fellow at NESTA, the UK foundation for innova- tion; and an associate fellow at Cambridge University’s Centre for Science and Policy. In September 2012, he was appointed to the Governing Board of CISTRAT (International Research and Training Centre for Science and Tech- nology Strategy) in Beijing, a new center established under the joint auspices of UNESCO and China’s Ministry of Science and Technology. CELIA MERZBACHER Dr. Celia Merzbacher is the vice president of innovative partnerships at the Semiconductor Research Corporation. In this role, she is primarily responsible for developing novel partnerships with stakeholders in government and the pri- vate sector in support of SRC’s research and education goals. Prior to joining SRC, Dr. Merzbacher was assistant director for technology R&D in the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP), where she coordinated and advised on a range of issues, including nanotechnology, technology transfer, technical standards, and intellectual property. At OSTP she oversaw the Nation- al Nanotechnology Initiative, the multiagency federal program for nanotechnol- ogy research and development. She also served as executive director of the Pres- ident’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology, which is composed of leaders from academia, industry and other research organizations, and advises the president on technology, scientific research priorities, and math and science education. Previously, Dr. Merzbacher was on the staff of the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) in Washington D.C. As a research scientist at NRL, she de- veloped advanced optical materials, for which she received a number of patents. She also worked in the NRL Technology Transfer Office where she was respon- sible for managing NRL intellectual property. Dr. Merzbacher served on the 

98 Strategic Engagement in Global S&T Board of Directors of the American National Standards Institute and led the U.S. delegation to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development Working Party on Nanotechnology. Dr. Merzbacher received her B.S. in geolo- gy from Brown University and M.S. and Ph.D. in geochemistry and mineralogy from the Pennsylvania State University.