National Academies Press: OpenBook

Enhancing the Effectiveness of Team Science (2015)

Chapter: Front Matter

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2015. Enhancing the Effectiveness of Team Science. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/19007.
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ENHANCING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF
TEAM SCIENCE

Nancy J. Cooke and Margaret L. Hilton, Editors

Committee on the Science of Team Science

Board on Behavioral, Cognitive, and Sensory Sciences

Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education

NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL
                         OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS

Washington, D.C.

www.nap.edu

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2015. Enhancing the Effectiveness of Team Science. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/19007.
×

THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS 500 Fifth Street, NW Washington, DC 20001

NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance.

This study was supported by the National Science Foundation under Contract No. OCI-1248170 and by Elsevier. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the organizations or agencies that provided support for the project.

International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-309-31682-8
International Standard Book Number-10: 0-309-31682-0
Library of Congress Control Number: 2015940916

Additional copies of this report are available from the National Academies Press, 500 Fifth Street, NW, Keck 3607, Washington, DC 20001; (800) 624-6242 or (202) 334-3313; http://www.nap.edu.

Copyright 2015 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.

Printed in the United States of America

Suggested citation: National Research Council. (2015). Enhancing the Effectiveness of Team Science. Committee on the Science of Team Science, N.J. Cooke and M.L. Hilton, Editors. Board on Behavioral, Cognitive, and Sensory Sciences, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2015. Enhancing the Effectiveness of Team Science. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/19007.
×

THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

Advisers to the Nation on Science, Engineering, and Medicine

The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone is president of the National Academy of Sciences.

The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. C. D. Mote, Jr., is president of the National Academy of Engineering.

The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, upon its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Victor J. Dzau is president of the Institute of Medicine.

The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy’s purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone and Dr. C. D. Mote, Jr., are chair and vice chair, respectively, of the National Research Council.

www.national-academies.org

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2015. Enhancing the Effectiveness of Team Science. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/19007.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2015. Enhancing the Effectiveness of Team Science. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/19007.
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COMMITTEE ON THE SCIENCE OF TEAM SCIENCE

NANCY J. COOKE (Chair), Human Systems Engineering, The Polytechnic School, Arizona State University

ROGER D. BLANDFORD (NAS), Department of Physics, Stanford University

JONATHON N. CUMMINGS, Fuqua School of Business, Duke University

STEPHEN M. FIORE, Department of Philosophy, University of Central Florida

KARA L. HALL, Behavioral Research Program, National Cancer Institute

JAMES S. JACKSON (IOM), Institute for Social Research and Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor

JOHN L. KING, School of Information, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor

STEVEN W. J. KOZLOWSKI, Department of Psychology, Michigan State University

JUDITH S. OLSON, Department of Informatics, University of California, Irvine

JEREMY A. SABLOFF (NAS), Santa Fe Institute

DANIEL S. STOKOLS, School of Social Ecology, University of California, Irvine

BRIAN UZZI, Kellogg School of Management, Northwestern University

HANNAH VALANTINE, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health

MARGARET L. HILTON, Study Director

TINA WINTERS, Associate Program Officer

MICKELLE RODRIGUEZ, Program Coordinator (until July 2013)

JATRYCE JACKSON, Program Coordinator (until October 2014)

TENEE DAVENPORT, Program Coordinator

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2015. Enhancing the Effectiveness of Team Science. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/19007.
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BOARD ON BEHAVIORAL, COGNITIVE, AND SENSORY SCIENCES

SUSAN T. FISKE (Chair) (NAS), Department of Psychology and Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University

LAURA L. CARSTENSEN, Department of Psychology, Stanford University

JENNIFER S. COLE, Department of Linguistics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

JUDY R. DUBNO, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina

ROBERT L. GOLDSTONE, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University

DANIEL R. ILGEN, Department of Psychology, Michigan State University

NINA G. JABLONSKI, Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University

JAMES S. JACKSON (IOM), Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan

NANCY G. KANWISHER (NAS), Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

JANICE KIECOLT-GLASER (IOM), Department of Psychology, Ohio State University College of Medicine

WILLIAM C. MAURER, School of Social Sciences, University of California, Irvine

JOHN MONAHAN (IOM), School of Law, University of Virginia

STEVEN E. PETERSEN, Department of Neurology and Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine Washington University Medical School

DANA M. SMALL, Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine

TIMOTHY J. STRAUMAN, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University

ALLAN R. WAGNER (NAS), Department of Psychology, Yale University

JEREMY M. WOLFE, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Departments of Ophthalmology and Radiology, Harvard Medical School

BARBARA A. WANCHISEN, Director

TENEE DAVENPORT, Program Coordinator

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2015. Enhancing the Effectiveness of Team Science. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/19007.
×

Acknowledgments

The committee and staff thank the many individuals and organizations who assisted us in our work and without whom this study could not have been completed. First, we acknowledge the generous support of the National Science Foundation and Elsevier.

Many individuals at the National Research Council (NRC) assisted the committee. Special thanks are due to Barbara A. Wanchisen, director, Board on Behavioral, Cognitive, and Sensory Sciences, whose leadership was invaluable throughout the study process. Additionally, we are grateful to associate program officer Tina Winters, whose many contributions included facilitating information-gathering workshops and drafting sections of the final report. We thank Patricia Morison, who provided assistance in developing a clear and concise report summary, and Kirsten Sampson-Snyder, who shepherded the report through the NRC review process. We are grateful to Mickelle Rodriguez, who arranged logistics for three committee meetings, and Tenee Davenport, who assisted with final preparation of the report.

This report has been reviewed in draft form by individuals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise, in accordance with procedures approved by the NRC’s Report Review Committee. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the institution in making its published report as sound as possible and to ensure that the report meets institutional standards for objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the study charge. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the deliberative process. We thank the following individuals for their review of this report: Barry C. Barish, Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology; Edward J. Hackett, School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University; Christine Hendren, Center for the Environmental Implications of NanoTechnology, Duke University; Nina G. Jablonski, Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University; Barbara V. Jacak, Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory;

Page viii Cite
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2015. Enhancing the Effectiveness of Team Science. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/19007.
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Robert P. Kirshner, Department of Astronomy, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics; Julie T. Klein, Department of English, Wayne State University; Marshall Scott Poole, Institute for Computing in the Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences, Department of Communication, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; Maritza R. Salazar, Organizational Behavior, Claremont Graduate University; Wesley M. Shrum, Department of Sociology, Louisiana State University, and Agricultural and Mechanical College; Kathryn C. Zoon, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases.

Although the reviewers listed above provided many constructive comments and suggestions, they were not asked to endorse the content of the report, nor did they see the final draft of the report before its release. Huda Akil, The Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, and Barbara Torrey, visiting scholar and guest researcher, Division of Behavioral and Social Research, National Institute on Aging, oversaw the review of this report. Appointed by the NRC, they were responsible for making certain that an independent examination of this report was carried out in accordance with institutional procedures and that all review comments were carefully considered. Responsibility for the final content of this report rests entirely with the authors and the institution.

Finally, we thank our colleagues on the committee for their enthusiasm, hard work, and collaborative spirit in thinking through the conceptual issues and challenges associated with addressing the charge to the study committee and in writing this report.

Nancy J. Cooke, Chair

Margaret L. Hilton, Study Director

Committee on the Science of Team Science

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2015. Enhancing the Effectiveness of Team Science. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/19007.
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The past half-century has witnessed a dramatic increase in the scale and complexity of scientific research. The growing scale of science has been accompanied by a shift toward collaborative research, referred to as "team science." Scientific research is increasingly conducted by small teams and larger groups rather than individual investigators, but the challenges of collaboration can slow these teams' progress in achieving their scientific goals. How does a team-based approach work, and how can universities and research institutions support teams?

Enhancing the Effectiveness of Team Science synthesizes and integrates the available research to provide guidance on assembling the science team; leadership, education and professional development for science teams and groups. It also examines institutional and organizational structures and policies to support science teams and identifies areas where further research is needed to help science teams and groups achieve their scientific and translational goals. This report offers major public policy recommendations for science research agencies and policymakers, as well as recommendations for individual scientists, disciplinary associations, and research universities. Enhancing the Effectiveness of Team Science will be of interest to university research administrators, team science leaders, science faculty, and graduate and postdoctoral students.

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