Catalysis Looks to the Future (1992)

A

Academic research, 5, 6-7, 48, 66-68, 72-73

Air pollution, see Emission control

Alcohol fuels, 11, 21, 23-24, 33-34, 44, 57

Alkylation catalysts, 21-23, 36

American Chemical Society, 67

Ames National Laboratory, 68

Ammonia, 3, 12, 16-17, 28, 50-51, 57

Antibodies, 48

Argonne National Laboratory, 68

Asymmetric catalysis, 29

Auger electron spectra, 52

Automation, 18

see also Computers and computer science

B

Bacillus thuringiensis, 55

Biochemistry, general, 2, 3, 5, 13, 30-31

see also Enzymatic catalysis

Biodegradation, 31, 40-42, 54

Biopesticides, 54-55, 56

Biotechnology, see Genetics

British Petroleum, 22

Brookhaven National Laboratory, 68

Bush administration, 8, 74

C

California, 37

Catalytic converters, 3-4, 13, 37, 38, 39

Catalytic cracking, 19, 32-33, 36

Cationic polymerization, 29

Ceramics, 14-15, 62

Chemical industry, 1, 3, 5, 8, 9, 14-16, 18, 21-31, 57

historical perspectives, 2, 10

see also Polymers

Chevron Research and Technology Company, 22

Chlorofluorocarbons, 36-38

Clean Air Act, 37, 39

Computers and computer science, 5, 9, 58, 61, 63-64, 75

automated processes, 18

Monte Carlo methods, 61, 63-64

Copper, 34

D

Department of Defense, 67

Department of Energy, 8, 67, 68-69, 74

see also National laboratories

Drugs, see Pharmaceutical industry

Du Pont, 22

E

Economic factors, 1, 2, 3, 4, 12-13, 18, 19, 43, 45, 50, 70

biopesticides, 54

bioremediation, 41

catalytic converters, 39

chlorofluorocarbons, replacements, 38

environmental protection, 5, 6, 38, 54, 66

feedstocks, 2, 21-24

foreign trade, 1, 5, 19, 23, 25, 35, 70

funding, federal, 6, 8-9, 67, 68, 71, 74

oxidation processes, 24

R&D, 5, 6, 8-9, 16, 65, 66, 67-68, 71, 72, 74, 75

see also Emission control

Education, 66, 69, 72

financial factors, 6

symposia, 6, 72

see also Academic research

Electric power plants, 39, 45

fuel cells, 62

Electric Power Research Institute, 67

Electron microscopy, 52

Emission control, 37, 58, 70

catalytic converters, 3-4, 13, 37, 38, 39

gasoline, environmentally benign, 32, 36, 37, 58

power plants, 39, 45

regulations, 37, 39

Energy sources, see Fuels

Environmental factors, 2-9 (passim), 13, 34, 36-42, 65-66, 70, 75

biodegradation, 31, 40-42, 54

catalytic converters, 3-4, 13, 37, 38, 39

chlorofluorocarbons, 36-38

cost, 5, 6, 38, 54, 66

gasoline, 32, 36, 37, 58

genetic engineering, general, 30

pesticides, 54-55

polychlorinated biphenyls, 40

power plants, 39, 45

Environmental Protection Agency, 54

Enzymatic catalysis, 3, 13, 14, 30-31, 46, 48

biodegradation, 31, 40-42, 54

computational chemistry, 59

Ethers, 23, 33

Ethylene, 57, 60

Europe, 4, 5, 13, 29, 48, 53

F

Federal government, 8-9, 67, 74-75

Bush administration, 8, 74

DOD, 67

DOE, 8, 67, 68-69, 74;

see also National laboratories

EPA, 54

FDA, 29

funding, 6, 8-9, 67, 68, 71, 74

NSF, 7, 8, 67, 74

Feedstocks, 2, 21-24

Fiber composites, 26

Food and Drug Administration, 29

Food industry, 14-15

Foreign countries, see International perspectives

Foreign trade, 1, 5, 19, 25, 70

petroleum industry, 23, 35

Fuels, 2, 8, 32-34, 35, 75

fuel cells, 62

gasoline, 2, 10, 11, 13, 32-33, 35, 36, 37, 55, 57, 58

historical perspectives, 2, 10, 11, 23, 25, 47

liquid fuels, general, 2, 19-20, 22

natural gas, 35

Funding, federal, 6, 8-9, 67, 68, 71, 74

G

Gasoline, 2, 10, 11, 13, 32-33, 35, 36, 55, 57

environmentally benign, 32, 36, 37, 58

Gas Research Institute, 67

Genetics, 30-31, 46, 48

biopesticides, 54-55, 56

historical perspectives, 2, 10

monomers, 28

Germany, 3, 12, 39, 47, 70

H

Heterogeneous catalysis, general, 4, 51-52

Historical perspectives, 1, 23

ammonia, 3, 12, 50-51

drugs, 29, 30

genetic engineering, 2, 10

petroleum industry, 2, 10, 11, 23, 25, 47

polymers, 26

technological innovations, general, 2, 3, 10-11, 12, 14, 18, 19

World War II, 11, 47

Homogeneous catalysis, general, 45, 51, 53

I

Ici, 31

Industry perspectives 1, 6, 18, 65-66, 71-72

academia, relations with, 6, 7, 72, 73

government, relations with, 6, 8, 73-74

see also specific industry sectors

Insect control, see Pest control

Instrumentation, 6, 7, 8, 9, 49, 51-52, 66-67

computers, 5, 9, 58, 61, 63-64, 75

electron microscopy, 52

policy, 72, 73, 74, 75

spectroscopy, 5, 51, 52, 53, 55, 57, 64

x-ray techniques, 51, 52, 59

Intellectual property, see Patents

Interdisciplinary approach, 4, 7, 12, 64, 66

Intermediates, reactions, 47, 53, 57, 58

International perspectives, 3, 36-37

Europe, 4, 5, 13, 29, 48, 53

Germany, 3, 12, 39, 47, 70

Japan, 4, 5, 13, 29, 31, 39, 48, 53

New Zealand, 35

Switzerland, 4

trade balance, 1, 5, 19, 23, 25, 35, 70

United Kingdom, 11

see also specific foreign countries

Iowa State University, 68

Iron, 12, 17, 50-51

J

Japan, 4, 5, 13, 29, 31, 39, 48, 53

K

Kevlar, 26, 27

L

Lamellar structures, 46

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 68

L-Dopa, 2, 3, 10, 13, 53

Liquefied petroleum gas, 22

Liquid fuels, 2, 19-20, 22

gasoline, 2, 10, 11, 13, 32-33, 35, 36, 37, 55, 57, 58

M

Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 57

Materials science, 7, 8, 72-73

ceramics, 14-15, 62

fiber composites, 26

polymers, 2, 21-22, 25-29, 47

Metals, 5, 12, 34

copper, 34

iron, 12, 17, 50-51

surface chemistry, 4, 51-52, 59, 61

transition metals, 45, 46, 53, 57-58

zeolites, 19, 28, 35, 45-46, 51, 57, 58-59, 61, 64

Methane, 20, 21, 22, 25, 44

Methanol, 11, 21, 23-24, 25, 33-34, 44, 57

Mobil Corp., 19

Molybdenum, 57

Monomers, 28

Monsanto, 2, 10, 21

Monte Carlo methods, 61, 63-64

N

National Academy of Sciences, 8-9

National Critical Technologies Panel, 1, 5, 18

National Institutes of Health, 67

National laboratories, 6, 7-8, 68-69, 72, 73-74

National Science Foundation, 7, 8, 67, 74

Natural gas, 35

New Zealand, 35

Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, 5, 51, 52, 53, 55, 57, 64

O

Olefins, 21-23, 25, 27, 28, 36, 64

Oxidation and oxides, 5, 23, 24-25, 28, 51-52

biodegradation, 40

ethylene, 57

P

Paraffins, 22-23, 36, 55

Patents, 5, 7, 69, 73

Pest control, 54-55, 56

Petroleum industry, 1, 2, 5, 13, 18, 35, 46

catalytic cracking, 19, 32-33, 36

gasoline, 2, 10, 11, 13, 32-33, 35, 36, 37, 55, 57, 58

oil spills, bioremediation, 41

Pharmaceutical industry, 3, 5, 13, 29, 30, 57, 58

antibodies, 48

_L-Dopa, 2, 3, 10, 13, 53

naproxen, 45

thalidomide, 29

Plastics, see Polymers

Pollution, see Environmental factors

Polychlorinated biphenyls, 40

Polyethylene, 47

Polymers, 21-22, 25-29, 47

Kevlar, 26, 27

recycling, 2

Pressure effects, process, 34, 47, 55, 57

Private sector, see Industry perspectives

R

Regulations

air quality, 37, 39

drugs, 29

Report of the National Critical Technologies Panel, 5, 70

Research, 6, 15-17, 43-64

academic research, 5, 6-7, 48, 66-68, 72-73

economic factors, 5, 6, 8-9, 16, 65, 66, 67-68, 71, 72, 74, 75

funding, federal, 6, 8-9, 67, 68, 71, 74

historical perspectives, 2, 3, 10-11, 12, 14, 18

industrial, 6, 65-66, 71-72

interdisciplinary, general, 4, 7, 12, 64, 66

investment, general, 5, 66, 71

national laboratories, 6, 7-8, 68-69, 73-74

theoretical investigations, 5, 7, 9, 16, 58-64, 71, 75

see also Instrumentation

S

Science and Technology Centers, 7

Selectivity, 2, 4, 12, 24, 30, 37, 43-44, 45, 57-58, 75

Social issues, 1-2, 18-20

Soft drinks, 14-15

Solvents, 40, 42, 59

Spectroscopy, 5, 51, 52, 53, 55, 57, 64

Standards

air quality, 37, 39

drugs, 29

products, 65

Stanford University, 68

State-level actions, 37, 67-68

Structure-function relationships, 6, 7, 9, 43-44, 49, 58, 61, 63, 71, 73-74, 75

intermediates, reactions, 47, 53, 57, 58

Surface chemistry, 15, 50-51

ceramics, 14-15

metals, 4, 51-52, 59, 61

Switzerland, 4

Symposia, 6, 72

Synthesis of catalytic materials, 44-48

T

Temperature, process, 34, 47, 55, 57

fuel cells, 62

Thalidomide, 29

Theoretical investigations, 5, 7, 9, 16, 58-64, 71, 75

U

United Kingdom, 11

University of California, Berkeley, 68

UOP Inc., 2, 10, 11

W

World War II, 11, 47

X

X-ray techniques, 51, 52, 59

Z

Zeolites, 19, 28, 35, 45-46, 51, 57, 58-59, 61, 64