National Academies Press: OpenBook
« Previous: 14 Key Issues in Grassland Studies
Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 1992. Grasslands and Grassland Sciences in Northern China. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1942.
×

Index

A

Academia Sinica

Institute of Botany, 67

Institute of Zoology, 67

Integrated Expedition in Inner Mongolia and Ningxia, 70

Lanzhou Institute of Desert Research, 5-6, 164-166

Northwest Plateau Institute of Biology, 170

Acarina, 79

Achnatherum splendens, 46, 97, 113

Acridoids, 78-79

Acta Pratacultura Sinica (Zhongguo Caoye xuebao), 164, 169

Actinomycetes, 79

Aeluropus littoralis, 113

Aerial seeding, 62-63, 102-103

Agren, G., 78

Agricultural Economy (Nongye jingji), 128, 131

Agriculture

limits on spread of, 185

overview of, 27

population growth and expansion of, 32

reform era in, 28-29, 32

Agroclimatic suitability analysis, 100

Agroforestry, 52

Agropyron, 79

Aropyron cristatum, 52, 63, 97, 100, 102, 113

Agropyron michnoi, 17, 69

Ai Nanshan, 100

Alashan Plateau, 17, 21, 39

characteristics of, 46

climate of, 40

sociological survey of, 126

Alfalfa, 52, 63, 102

Alhagi sparsifolia, 46, 113

Alkalinization, 19, 61

Allactaga sibirica, 78

Alpine meadow

characteristics of, 46, 94

example of ecosystem in, 23-24

in Xinjiang, 111, 113

Altai Mountains, 24, 26, 39, 109, 111

Altun Mountains, 21

Andre, J.-C., 185

Andrews, Roy, 73, 193

Aneurolepidium, 15, 155

Aneurolepidium chinense, 17, 42, 52, 55, 69, 70, 75-77, 79, 87, 144, 157

Aneurolepidium dasystachys, 113

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 1992. Grasslands and Grassland Sciences in Northern China. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1942.
×

Angaracris barabensis, 78-79

Angaracris rhodopa, 78-79

Anguang, 58

Animal ecology studies, 78-79

Animal husbandry.

See also Livestock

combined with agriculture, 118-119

in Gansu, 21, 23

grassland research and, 195

household responsibility system and, 29, 31

in Inner Mongolia, 18-20, 34, 35, 70-72

overview of, 27

in Qinghai, 20-21, 23

research needs regarding, 26-27

seasonal, 95

in Xinjiang, 26, 70-72, 80, 116-118

Animal product markets, 24

Animal Product Unit (APU), 95

"Applying Remote Sensing in the Survey of Inner Mongolia Grassland Resources," 77

Argali sheep (Ovis ammon), 193

Aridisols, 11

Artemisia, 18, 43, 47, 157

Artemisia frigida, 18, 69, 70, 75, 100, 113

Artificial fodder, 118-119

Artificial grasslands

creation of, 50

forage plant selection for, 51-52

income derived from, 51

studies in, 77, 87

Asiatic ibex (Capra ibex), 193

Astragalus adsurgens, 52, 62, 63, 102, 103

Astragalus cicer L., 102

Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR), 151, 152

Avena sativa, 98

Avissar, R., 185

B

Bacteria, 79

Bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus), 193

Baical needlegrass, 63

Baiyinxile Livestock State Farm, 70-73, 75, 76, 79

Balinyouqi, 63

Bao Yin, 77

Baotou, 124

Barfield, Thomas, 184

Barth, Fredrik, 184

Beall, C. M., 187

Beijing Forest Ecosystem Research Station, 135

Beijing University, 77

Biggins, Dean, 173

Binns, T., 189

Biomass production, 75-76

Blue sheep (Pseudois nayaur), 193

Bos grunniens, 193

Bothriochloa ischaemum, 113

Botrytis fabae, 100

Brassica campestris, 23, 171

Bromus inermis, 52, 75, 98, 102

Brown, L. H., 192

Brush steppe, 43

Bureau of Animal Husbandry, Grassland Division (MOA), 140-141

Bureau of Resources and Environmental Science (CAS), 5, 137-138

Bush desert, 46

Buteo hemilasius, 99

C

Cai Weiqi, 88

Calamagrostis epigojos, 97

Calligonum mongolicum, 47

Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA), 144

Cao Xinsun, 61-62, 65

Cao Zhizhong, 99

Caodian caoyuan (meadow steppe), 17, 42

Capra ibex, 193

Capreolus, 78

Caragana, 18, 69, 118

Caragana intermedia, 43, 52

Caragana korshinskii, 52

Caragana microphylla, 63, 69, 102

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 1992. Grasslands and Grassland Sciences in Northern China. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1942.
×

CARE, 169

Carex, 113

Ceratoides, 113

Cervus albirostris, 193

Chang, David. See Zhang Xinshi

Chang Hsin-shi. See Zhang Xinshi

Changbai Mountains, 15

Chen Baoshu, 102

Chen Fenglin, 87

Chen Kai, 78, 79

Chen Min, 77, 155

Chen Qingcheng, 100

Chen Quangong, 94, 168

Chen Shan, 86

Chen Youchun, 141

Chen Zuozhong, vi, 76, 136, 157, 159-161

Cheng Erjin, vi

Cheng Jingxian, 99

Chernozem soil, 57, 58

Chi Hongkang, 136

Chifeng City, 56, 58, 62, 124

Chin Shihuong, 154

Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)

background information regarding, 5

Grassland Research Institute, 85-87, 89, 149-153

Institute of Animal Science, 6, 141-142

Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)

background information regarding, 5

Bureau of International Cooperation, 3

jurisdiction of, 5

research institutes of, 5.

See also individual institutes

support of, vi

Chinese Ecological Research Network (CERN), 135, 137-138, 161, 176

Chinese Grassland Association, 141

Chinese Grassland Society (CGS), 141

Chorthippus dubius, 78, 79

Chorthippus fallax, 78-79

Cincotta, Richard, 172

Citellus danricus, 78, 89

Cleistogenes, 63

Cleistogenes spuarrosa, 69

Cleistogenes thoroldu, 113

Climate.

See also individual areas

of Inner Mongolia, 11, 41

landscape composition and, 185

of northern China, 40-41

of steppe, 56-57

supporting pastoralism, 27

Trewartha classification system, 11

variations in, 11

of Xinjiang, 11, 68-69, 111, 112, 116

Coleoptera, 79

Colleges and universities.

See also individual institutions

sociological research in, 123-124

studies in grassland sciences in, 6.

See also Grassland research

Colorado State University, 101, 168, 169

Commission for the Integrated Survey of Natural Resources (CAS), 5, 139-140

Committee on Scholarly Communication with the People's Republic of China (CSCPRC), 172

goals of, v

report produced by, xiii, 1-4

Common pool resource management, 190-191

Computer technology, 196

Conservation, wildlife, 193-194

Copeland, Robert, 144

Coronilla, 102

Crested wheat, 63

Cricetulus barabensis, 78

Cui Yongxia, 101

Cultural Revolution

agricultural policy during, 32

decline in wildlife during, 193

impact of, 70, 73, 146

D

Dactylis glomerata, 52

Dalai Nur, 161

Damao Banner, 87

Daqing Mountains, 20

Daqingou Conservation Area, 64

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 1992. Grasslands and Grassland Sciences in Northern China. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1942.
×

Dasyhippus barbipes, 78

David, P. A., 72

Daxinganling Mountains, 15, 17, 39, 57, 69

climate of, 40

forest steppe in, 43

de Haan, C., 192

Degradation, xiv

abiotic factors and, 189

causes of, 14-15, 20, 24, 34, 48, 59, 88, 172, 191, 192

explanation of, 31, 48, 188-189

improvement in, 49-50

productivity and, 48, 86, 188-189

in Wengniute Banner, 19

in Xinjiang, 115

Deng Xiaoping, 28

Department of Agriculture, U.S., 73

Desert

characteristics of, 46-47

land converted to, 48

Desert grasslands, 113

Desert steppe

characteristics of, 43

dynamics and stability of, 90

Desertification

abiotic factors and, 189

in Africa, 189

causes of, 191-192

definition of, 189

studies in, 61-64

trends in, 64

in Wengniute Banner, 61

Desertification and Rehabilitation—Case Study in Horqin Sandy Land (Zhu Zenda), 165

Dianxing caoyuan (typical steppe), 17, 42-43

Diseases

destruction of grasslands due to, 52

of forage plants, 52, 79, 89

fungal, 79, 100

Dodd, Jerrold, 4

Dong Jingshi, 87, 88

Dong Weihui, 52, 89

Double responsibility system, 20, 31, 32

Dregne, H. E., 189

Du Guozheng, 101

Du Jizeng, 170

Du Zhanchi, 76

Duan Shunshan, 103

Duan Shuying, 161

Dunzhiyan, 23

E

Ecodistricts, 77

Ecological engineering, 50-51

Ecological Modeling, 101

Ecological regions, 76-77

Economic policy

applied to grassland issues, 122-123

land use and, 27, 28

Ecoregion, 77

Ecosystem modeling

in Gansu and Qinghai, 100-101

introduction of concept of, xv

use of, 80

Ecosystem science

approaches to, 2, 195-197

concept of, xv

Ecosystems. See Grassland ecosystems

Ellis, James, 3, 4, 192

Elymus nutans, 101

Elymus sibiricus, 52, 87

Energy flows, in grassland ecosystem, 88, 95

Entisols, 11

Ephedra, 18

Ephemeral desert, 47

Equus hemionus, 193

Erysiphe folygoni, 100

Ethnic groups, 27-30, 125.

See also individual ethnic groups, Minority groups

Evapotranspiration ratio, 94

Experimental Research Center for Modern Grassland Husbandry (Xilingele), 73

F

Fan Naichang, 52, 99

Fei Xiaotong, 124

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 1992. Grasslands and Grassland Sciences in Northern China. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1942.
×

Felco cherrug, 99

Felis manul, 78

Fencing, 49-50, 79

Feng Guanghan, 99

Fertilization, 49-50

Festuca, 113

Festuca dahurica, 70

Festuca kryloviana, 113

Festuca ovina, 17

Festuca pseudoovina, 113

Festuca rubra, 113

Filifolium sibiricum, 17, 70

Floodplain meadow, 46

Fodder, artificial, 118-119

Forage germ plasm, 150

Forage plants.

See also individual plants;

Vegetation

for artificial meadow, 51-52

breeding of, 86-87

cultivation of, 87-88

improvement and nutritive value of, 101-103

introduction of improved breeds of, 86

research on diseases of, 52, 89, 100

seasonal variability of, 95, 116

studies of wild, 86-87

yields of, 47-49

Forest meadow, 43

Forest steppe

characteristics of, 55-57

livestock rotation in, 63-64

North American, 57

population of, 58

Formicidae, 79

Frigid desert, 47

Fryxell, J. M., 189, 192

Fu Xiangqiang, 154

Fu Yikun, 98

Fukang County, 177

Fukang Desert Ecosystem Observation and Experiment Station (CAS), 176-178

Fungal diseases, 100

Fungi, microbial biomass for, 79

G

Ganhan caoyuan (dry grassland), 17, 42

Gansu, xiii, 3, 9

characteristics of, 20-24

forage and feed in, 101-103

Grassland Agricultural System in, 95-97

grazing animals in, 34, 35

map of, 42

pests and pathology in, 99-100

productivity and nutrient cycling in, 98-99

reclamation of salinized lands in, 97-98

scientific research in, 73, 103

sociological surveys in, 125

soil of, 11

surveys, standards, and classification schemes in, 93-95

use of modeling in, 100-101

Gansu Agricultural University, 6

Department of Grassland Science, 163-164

Gansu Grassland Ecological Research Institute (GGERI), 6, 93, 95-97, 101

description of, 166-169, 196

Gansu Institute of Social Sciences, 96

Gao Chongyue, 96

Gao U. G., 90

Gao Yubao, 76

Gao Zianzhao, 164

Gazella subgutturosa, 193

Gazelle, 193

Ge Tang, 94

Ge Wenhua, 96, 97, 100, 167

Geographical Information Systems (GIS), 80

Geographical Society of Russia, 72-73

Gerbillon, J. F., 72

Glycyrrhiza, 113

Glycyrrhiza uralensis, 46

Goitered gazelle (Gazella subgutturosa), 193

Goldstein, M. C., 187, 192

Gorse, J. E., 188

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 1992. Grasslands and Grassland Sciences in Northern China. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1942.
×

Grain consumption, 50

Grassland Agricultural System, 95-97

Grassland classification

for Inner Mongolia, 17-18, 74

integrated orderly system of, 93-94

in Xinjiang, 111, 113-115

Grassland ecosystems.

See also Ecosystem modeling;

Ecosystem science

energy flows through, 88

human impact on, 31-35

nitrogen circulation pattern and animal production in alpine, 98-99

research on, 80

responses to overgrazing or restoration, 64

social dimensions of, 186-188

Grassland management

comments regarding rational, 191-192

and common pool resources, 190-191

in Inner Mongolia, 88-90

methods of, 86, 87

pastoralism and, 192-193

proposals for Xinjiang, 117-119

recommendations for, 49-52, 62, 118

Grassland productivity

degradation and, 48, 86, 188-189

energy flows and, 95

in Gansu and Qinghai, 98-99

grazing practices and, 87

studies in, 75-76, 88

Grassland research

application of, 65

conducted by Institute of Sociology, 124-127

history of, in Inner Mongolia, 72-73

nature of Chinese, 5-6

shortcomings of previous, 80

social science and, 121-124

Grassland Research Institute (CAAS)

description of, 85, 149-153

research conducted by, 86, 87, 89

Grassland Study Review Panel

recommendations for report by, 3-4

role of, vi, xiii

Grassland Study Review Panel comments

on atmosphere-biosphere interactions, 185

on conservation of wildlife, 193-194

on desertification and degradation, 188-189

on management of common pool resources, 190-191

on organization and conduct of science, 195-197

on pastoral frontier, 183-185

on rational rangeland management, 191-193

on social dimensions of grassland studies, 186-188

Grassland Systems Engineering Society, 141

Grasslands.

See also individual areas

artificial, 50, 77, 87

Chinese use of term, 2

Chinese vs. American, 1-2

conservation of wildlife on, 193-194

development of machinery for, 89

geology of, 9-11, 39-40

human impact on, 31-35, 70-72, 195-196

land classified as, 9, 14, 86.

See also Grassland classification

maps of, 41-42

methods of protection of, 89

mown, 75

of northern China, 42-47

problems of, 47-49

utilization studies of, 79-80

Grasslands Research Institute, 6

Grazing animals. See Livestock

Grazing practices

as cause of degradation, 34, 61, 75, 115.

See also Degradation

and decline in productivity, 87.

See also Livestock productivity

recommendations regarding, 61, 117-118

results of, 60-61

rotational, 63-64, 89-90, 117-118

study of intensity in, 172

vegetation dynamics and, 75

Grazinglands. See Grasslands

Great Leap Foward (1958-1960)

agricultural policy during, 20, 32

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 1992. Grasslands and Grassland Sciences in Northern China. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1942.
×

decline in wildlife during, 193

Gu Hengyue, 100

Guizhou, 86

Guizhou Plateau Grassland Experimental tation, 167-168

Guo Bo, 102

Guo Jingwen, 102

H

Haibei Alpine Meadow Ecosystem Research Station, 23, 138, 170-173

Hailar, 125, 126

Hainan, 86

Halocnemum, 47

Halostachys belangeriana, 47

Haloxylon ammodendron, 46

Haloxylon persicum, 46

Han, 26

impact on economics, politics, and ecology of grasslands, 187

migration of, 27, 32, 121, 123-127, 186

population growth among, 31-32

tensions between ethnic minorities and, 123

Han Fenglin, 52

Hardin, G., 192

Harvard-Yenching Library, 128

Hashun Gobi, 39

He Dongmei, 79

Heavenly Lake, 177

Hedysarum, 18

Hedysarum fruitcosum, 63

Hedysarum mongolicum, 52, 150

Hedysarum scoparium, 43

Heilongjiang, 9, 15, 16

Helanshan Mountains, 39

Helland, J., 192

Hellden, U., 188, 189

Herskovitz, M. J., 192

Heshou Mountains, 21

Hexi Corridor, 21, 39, 97-100

High-frigid steppe, 43

Himalayan Mountains, 9

Hohhot, 85, 184

Hong Fuzeng, 141

Hordeum, 52

Hordeum brevisubulatum, 97

Horqin Plain, 58, 60, 63, 65

Horqin Zuoyi Banner, 64

Hou Tianjue, 52, 100

Hou Xixian, 52, 89

Hou Zhanming, 76

Household responsibility system

explanation of, 29

grazing animal distribution and, 19-20, 31

Howard, Pat, 29

Hu Huanyong, 123

Hu Zizhi, 50, 52, 93, 95, 98, 163, 164

Huang Dehua, 76

Huang Wenhui, 141

Huang Wenxiu, 48, 49, 52, 140

Huang Zhaohua, 164

Huangmo (wasteland), 18, 177

Hui, 23, 27

in Linxia, 127

in Menyuan Horse Farm, 171

Human behavior

grassland ecosystem and, 31-35

grassland research and, 195

impact on grasslands of Xilingele, 70-72

I

Ih Nur Pilot Demonstration Area, 63

Ili Basin, 47

Industrial development, 124

Inner Mongolia, xiii, 3, 9

agricultural reform in, 29

animal husbandry in, 18-20, 34, 35, 70-72

characteristics of, 11, 17-20, 49, 55, 191

classification of grasslands in, 17-18, 74

climate of, 11, 41

cultivation of forage grasses and herbage crops in, 87-88

dynamics and stability of grasslands in, 90

grassland production and range management in, 88-90

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 1992. Grasslands and Grassland Sciences in Northern China. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1942.
×

herbage resources and forage grass breeding in, 86-87

human impact on, 70-72

industrial development in, 124

map of, 42

migration of Han to, 125-127

scientific research in, 72-80, 85-90

soil erosion in, 59, 60

Inner Mongolia College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, 6, 73, 85, 86, 90

Inner Mongolia Grassland Ecosystem Research Station

description of, 157-161, 196

studies by, 67, 69, 75, 135, 138

Inner Mongolia Institute of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Department of Grassland Science, 153-155

Inner Mongolia Plateau, 39

Inner Mongolia University

information regarding, 85

Natural Resources Institute, 155-156

research conducted by, 67, 73, 75, 77, 79

studies by, 6, 67, 73, 75, 77, 79

Insects

destruction of grasslands by, 48, 52

studies of, 99-100

Inseptisols, 11

Institute of Animal Science (CAS), 6, 141-142

Institute of Applied Ecology (CAS), 5, 61, 62

Institute of Botany (CAS)

description of, 67, 135-137

studies by, 5, 73, 75, 85

Institute of Grassland Science (Northeast Normal University), 143-144

Institute of Remote Sensing (CAS), 5

Institute of Sociology (Peking University)

grassland research conducted by, 124-127

publications of, 130-131

Institute of Zoology (CAS)

description of, 67, 138-139

research conducted by, 5, 78

Integrated Expedition in Inner Mongolia and Ningxia (Academia Sinica), 70

Integrated Rate Methodology (IRM), 100, 167

International Biological Program (IBP), 5

International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP), 137

Interseeding, 87

Iris, 113

J

Jagchid, Sechin, 184

Jia Fengsheng, 88

Jiang Fengqi, 56-57

Jiang Runxiao, 100

Jiang Shu, 72, 79, 80

Jiang Su, 47-49

Jiang Youquan, 52, 86, 150

Jiao Bin, 50

Jilin, 9, 15, 16, 136

Jingtai County, 100, 168

Jingtai Grassland Agricultural Experimental Station, 97, 167

Jirem grassland, 60

Junggar Basin, 39, 109

characteristics of, 24, 26, 46, 177

climate of, 41, 111

Junggar Desert, 47

K

Kalidium, 47

Karelinia caspica, 46

Kazakhs, 26, 27

herding practices of, 177

pastoral nomadism of, 186

Khazanov, Anatoly, 184

Kirghiz, 26

Kobresia, 23, 46, 113, 171

Kobresia meadow, 98

Kochia prostrata, 52, 118

Koko Khota, 184

Kong Zhaochen, 161

Kong Zhaofang, 99

Kou Zhenwu, 145, 146

Kunlun Mountains, 24, 39, 46, 109, 113

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 1992. Grasslands and Grassland Sciences in Northern China. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1942.
×

L

Lamprey, H., 189

Landsat Multispectral Scanner (MSS) imagery, 59

Landscape ecology, 80

Lang Baining, 98

Lantai Turf Development Company, 166

Lanzhou Herbage Experimental Station, 164

Lanzhou Institute of Desert Research (Academia Sinica), 5-6, 164-166

Lanzhou University, 6

Department of Biology, Ecology Research Laboratory, 169

Lattimore, Owen, 184

Leach, Beryl, vii, 3, 138

Lepus capensis, 78

Lespedeza, 63

Leucopoa olgae, 113

Li Bo, 17, 39, 69-80, 86, 149, 150, 155, 156

Li Dexin, 90, 154

Li Hongchang, 139

Li Jiandong, 58, 136, 144

Li Jianhua, 93

Li Jichang, 99, 103

Li Qi, 102

Li Shaoliang, 76

Li Shugang, 176

Li Tianjie, 58, 59

Li Yang, 100

Li Yonghong, 72

Li Yuchen, 62, 63

Li Yutang, vi, 33, 95, 140, 141, 156

Li Zizhen, 101

Liang Jierong, 99

Liao Guofan, 140

Liao Yangnan, 79, 155

Liaoning, 9, 15, 16

Lin Xiaoquan, 150

Linxia, 125-127

Linze County, 100, 168

Linze Sandland Utilization Experiment Station, 165

Liu Defu, 85, 86, 153, 154

Liu Fangzheng, 178

Liu Jike, 99, 100-101

Liu Qi, 49, 52, 71, 72

Liu Rongtang, 99

Liu Ruo, 100

Liu Shusen, 139

Liu Xianzhi, 57, 60-61

Liu Yongjian, 155

Liu Zhongling, 17, 74, 77, 79, 155, 156

Liupanshan Mountains, 39

Livestock.

See also Animal husbandry;

Grazing practices

distribution of, 19-20, 34, 35

increases in, 32, 34, 35, 49

rotation of, 63-64, 89-90, 117-118

statistics regarding, 187

transformation of ownership of, 28

wildlife coexisting with, 194

Livestock productivity.

See also Animal husbandry

maximization of, 51, 95

seasonal forage and, 116

Locusts, 99

Loess Plateau, 39

brush steppe in, 43

climate of, 40

map of, 41-42

Lonicera microphylla, 118

Loucks, Orie, vi, 55

Lowland meadow, 46

Lu Pengnan, 94

Lu Shengli, 96, 101

Lu Ting, 99

Lu Xinshi, 52

Lusigi, W. J., 192

M

Ma Helin, 154

Ma Hetian, 124

Ma Hongliang, 93

Ma Rong, vi, 3, 121

Ma Shijun, 50, 51

Ma Zhiguang, 87, 89, 149-150

Ma Zhongxue, 99

Mace, R., 189, 192

Maliki, A., 192

Mammals, 78

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 1992. Grasslands and Grassland Sciences in Northern China. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1942.
×

Man-and-the-Biosphere (MAB) Biological Reserve, 69, 176

Manitoba, steppe of, 57

Mao Tse-tung, 31

Mao Yulin, 98

Mapping

advances in, 196-197

significance of, 74

Mazong Mountains, 21

Meadow

alpine, 23-24, 46, 94, 111, 113

artificial, 51-52

characteristics of, 43, 46

floodplain, 46

forest, 43

Kobresia, 98

lowland, 46

subalpine, 46

Meadow steppe (Caodian caoyuan), 17, 42

Medicago falcata, 87, 101

Medicago media, 101

Medicago ruthenica, 150

Medicago sativa, 87, 100, 101

Medicago sativa-falcata, 87

Melilotus, 52

Melilotus officinalis, 100, 102

Meng Xianzheng, 98

Menyuan Horse Farm, 23-24, 171

Menyuan Hui Autonomous County, 23-24, 170-171

Meriones unguiculatus, 78, 89, 99

Messerschmidt, D. G., 72

Microphanerophytes desert, 46

Microtus brandti, 78, 89

Microtus oeconomus, 99, 172

Migration

in Alashan Plateau, 126

circular, 125, 127

due to reservoir construction, 125

of Han, 27, 32, 121, 123-127, 186

patterns of, 27-28

Wengniute Banner, survey of, 124-125

Min Jichun, 178

Ministry of Agriculture (MOA)

description of, 140-141

jurisdiction of, 5

responsibilities of, 6, 33

Minnesota, 57

Minority groups.

See also individual minority groups

distribution of, 28-30

economic activity of, 27-28

pastoralism and, 186-187

studies of, 124-127, 129

tensions between Han and, 123

Moisture index, 94

Mollisols (Borolls), 11

Mongolian gazelle (Procapra gutturosa), 193

Mongolian Plateau, 9, 11, 17

Mongols, 21, 26, 27

adaptability of, 184

impact of agricultural reform on, 29

pastoral nomadism of, 186

Mu Xindai, 93, 98

Mustela altaica, 78, 173

Mustela eversmanni, 78, 173

Mustela nivalis, 78

Mustela sibirica, 78

Myospalax baileyi (zokor), 24, 99

Myrmeleotettix palpalis, 78, 79

N

Naiman Desertification Rehabilitation Experiment and Research Station, 165

Nan Yinhao, 57

Nan Zhibiao, 100

Nanjiang County, 177

Nanjing University, 73

Naserwa, Halima, 178

National Academy of Sciences, vi, xiii, 3

National Research Council, Report Review Committee, 4

National Science Foundation (NSF), Division of International Programs, 1

National Science Foundation of China (NSFC), 135

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 1992. Grasslands and Grassland Sciences in Northern China. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1942.
×

Natural History Museum (New York), 73

Natural Resources Institute (Inner Mongolia University), 155-156

Nematoda, 79

Nie Hualin, 101

Ningxia, xiii, 9

grazing animals in, 34, 35

map of, 42

topography of, 21, 23

Nomadism

explanation of, 27

impact of technology on, 184

pastoral, 185-187

Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), 185

North China Plain, 15

North Dakota, 57

Northeast Normal University, 6

Institute of Grassland Science, 143-144

Northwest College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, 163

Northwest Plateau Institute of Biology, 6, 170

Nutrient cycling studies, 98-99

O

Ochotona curzoniae, 99, 101

Ochotona daurica, 78, 89

Onobrychis sativa, 101

Ordos Plateau, 9, 17, 21, 23, 39, 43

Ostrom, E., 190

Overgrazing. See Grazing practices

Ovis ammon, 193

P

Pamir Plateau, 109, 114

Pan Naigu, 126

Pantholops hodsoni, 193

Paparcyptera microptera meridionalis, 78

Pasternak, Burton, 125, 126

Pastoral frontier, 183-185

Pastoralism

agrarian peoples vs., 184

analysis of sociology of, 187

climates supporting, 27

rangeland management practices and, 192-193

requirements of, 186-187

size of herds and, 187-188

Pastures

classification of, 114-115

disequilibrium in, 117

Peking University, Institute of Sociology, 123-127, 130-131

Peronospora aestivalis disease, 100

Pest control

methods of, 99-100, 118

need for, 52

Pesticides, 118

Pests, 48, 52, 89, 115.

See also Insects;

Rodents

Phleum alpinum, 113

Phleum pratense, 52

Phodopus sungorus, 78

Phragmites communis, 46, 97, 113

Pi Nanlin, 98, 170

Piao Shunji, 75

Pielke, R. A., 185

Pika, 99, 194

Pinus sylvestris, 62

Plowing, 49-50

Poacynum Hendersomu, 113

Poisonous weeds/grasses, 116, 118

Polygonum songoricum, 113

Polygonum viviparum, 113

Population

in forest steppe zone, 58

plant communities and distribution of, 76

Population density

in northern China, 27, 28

vegetation and, 19

Population growth

effect on grasslands, 33-34

environmental degradation resulting from, 127

trends in, 31-32

Population of China, 128

Populus euphratica, 47, 113

Potentilla, 75

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 1992. Grasslands and Grassland Sciences in Northern China. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1942.
×

Potentilla fruticosa, 23, 171

Pratacultural Science (Caoye kexue), 164, 169

Pratacultural Science of China (Zhongguo caoye kexue), 169

Prataculture, 51

Precipitation. See Climate

Procapra gutturosa, 78, 193

Procapra picticaudata, 193

Procapra przewalski, 193

''Project on Optimum Ecological Modeling of Grasslands in Northern

China,'' 135, 144

Przewalski's gazelle (Procapra przewalski), 193

Pseudois nayaur, 193

Pseudopeziza medicaginis, 100

Puccinellia, 97-98, 168

Puccinellia chinampoensis, 97

Puccinellia tenuiflora, 52

Q

Qaidam Basin, 39, 46

Qi Qiuhui, 76

Qian Xuesen, 51, 141

Qilian Mountains, 21, 39

Qinghai, xiii, 3, 9, 41

characteristics of, 20-23, 49

forage and feed in, 101-103

Grassland Agricultural System in, 95-97

grazing animals in, 34, 35

pests and pathology in, 99-100

productivity and nutrient cycling in, 98-99

reclamation of salinized lands in, 97-98

surveys, standards, and classification schemes in, 93-95

use of modeling in, 100-101

wildlife in, 193

Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, 93, 170

Qingyang Loess Plateau Experimental Station (QLPES), 95-96, 167

R

Rangeland Law (1985), 32-33

Rangelands. See Grasslands

Reardon-Anderson, James, vii, 3, 4

Red deer (Cervus elaphus), 193

Redmond, Robert, 144

Remote sensing

to monitor grasslands, 59

to monitor trends, 86

studies in, 77-78

to survey and map, 93

use by Chinese, 196

Ren Jizhou, 11, 88, 93-98, 136, 141, 164, 166, 168

Research on Grassland Ecosystem (Caoyuan shengtai xitong yanjiu), 75

Rodd, F., 189

Rodents

communities and control of, 99, 172

grassland distruction by, 48, 52, 89, 115

policy to control or eliminate, 194

studies of grassland, 78

Roegneria turczaninovii, 87

Root vole, 99

Rosa, 118

S

Sagebrush desert, 47

Sahara, 189

Sainfoin, 102

Salaff, Janet, 125, 126

Salinized lands

control of, 62

reclamation of, 97-98

in Wengniute Banner, 19

Salix, 18

Salsola dendroides, 47

Sandford, S., 192

Sandization (sha-hua), 59

Sandlands, 11, 64

Sanjiang Plain, 15

Schaller, George, vi

Seeding, aerial, 62-63, 102-103

Shamo (desert), 18

Shapotou Desert Experiment and Research Station, 165

She Zhixiang, 117

Sheehy, Dennis P., 58, 63-64

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 1992. Grasslands and Grassland Sciences in Northern China. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1942.
×

Shelterbelt systems, 61-62

Shen Daoqi, 117

Shen Shiying, 98

Shen Yuying, 97

Shenyang Institute of Applied Ecology (CAS), 145

Shi Dingsui, 178

Shi Peijun, 59, 60

Shi Shunhai, 98

Shrub desert, 47

Sichuan, xiii, 3

Simulation modeling, 196

Sinclair, A. R. E., 189, 192

Siziwang Banner, 18, 20

Snow storing, 118

Sociological studies, 123-124

Soil.

See also Degradation;

Desertification

chernozem, 57, 58

of Gansu, 23

of grasslands, 11

of Inner Mongolia, 17-19, 43

of Menyuan County, 23

of northern China, 57-60

of Xilingele, 69

Soil animals, 79

Soil cover degradation, 58-59.

See also Degradation

Soil erosion.

See also Degradation

classification of, 59-60

in Gansu, 23

methods of monitoring, 59

Soil inventory, 58

Soil microbial ecology, 79

Soil microorganisms, 79

Solar radiation, 40

Song Binfang, 101

Song Bingyu, 155

Song Kai, 99

Songnen Basin, 136

Songnen Plain, 15, 58

Sophora alopecuroides, 46

Sorgham sudanense, 52, 102

Spiraea hypericifolia, 118

Spodosols, 11

State Educational Commission (SEdC)

function of, 6

jurisdiction of, 5

State Science and Technology Commission (SSTC), 73

Statistical publications, 128, 132

Stebbing, E. P., 188-189

Steeds, D. R., 188

Stemphylium botryosum, 100

Step development theory, 123

Steppe

brush, 43

characteristics of, 42-45

climate of, 56-57

desert, 43, 90

forest, 55-58, 63, 64

interseeding of degraded, 87

meadow, 17, 42

montane, 113

types of, 17-18, 42-43

typical, 17, 42-43

in Xinjiang, 113

Stipa, 113

Stipa baicalensis, 17, 42, 70

Stipa breviflora, 18, 90, 100

Stipa bungeana, 17-18

Stipa grandis, 15, 17, 69, 70, 75, 76, 79, 157

Stipa klemenzii, 90

Stipa krylovii, 17, 67, 70

Stipa purpurea, 43, 113

Stipa subsessiliflora, 113

Strobilaceum, 47

"Studies of Socioeconomic Development in the Chinese Frontier Areas" (Institute of Sociology, Peking University), 124-126

Su Jiakai, 52, 141

Suaeda microphylla, 47

Subalpine meadow, 46

Subecoregion, 77

Succulent halophytic bush desert, 47

Suffrutescent halophytic bush desert, 46

Sun Honglie, vi, 138, 139

Sun Shu, 137

Survey of Inner Mongolia Grassland Resources Using Remote Sensing (Inner Mongolia Grassland Resources Remote Sensing Expedition), 78

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 1992. Grasslands and Grassland Sciences in Northern China. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1942.
×

Swedish Agency for Research Cooperation with Developing Countries, 165

Swift, J., 192

Symons, Van Jay, 184

Symphytum peregrinum, 102

System dynamics, 101

T

Taklimakan Desert, 26

Tamarix, 47

Tarim Basin, 11, 21, 26, 39, 46, 109, 114

Temperature. See Climate

Texas A&M University, 169

Thymus serpyllum, 17-18

Tian Shuning, vi, 93

Tianshan Mountains, 24, 26, 39, 40, 109, 111, 116-118

Tianzhu Alpine Grassland Experimental Station, 164

Tianzhu County, 93-95

Tibet, xiii, 3

sociological surveys in, 125, 126

wildlife in, 193

Tibet-Qinghai Plateau, 20

characteristics of, 14, 46

climate of, 40, 41

Tibetan antelope (Pantholops hodsoni), 193

Tibetan gazelle (Procapra picticaudata), 193

Tibetan Plateau, 11, 109

Tibetans

in Haibei station, 23, 171

pastoral nomadism of, 27, 127, 187

in Qilian Mountains, 21

Tongliao, 58

Trachomitum lancifolium, 113

Trading patterns, 125

Trewartha climate classification system, 11

Trifolium pratense, 52

Trifolium repens, 52

Trigonella ruthenica, 100

Tucker, C. J., 189

Turpan Basin, 39-41

Typical steppe (Dianxing caoyuan), 17, 42-43

U

Uighurs, 26

Ulmus, 18, 47

UNESCO, 69

United Nations Development Program, 169

Uromyces orobi, 100

Uromyces striatus disease, 100

V

Van Dyne, George, 73

Vegetation.

See also Forage plants;

individual areas;

specific plants

in northern China, 42-47

population density and, 19

productivity studies of, 75-76

regional distribution of, 11-14

in Xilingele, 74-75

Vicia sativa, 100, 102

Vulpes corsac, 78

Vulpes vulpes, 78

W

Wade, N., 189

Waldron, Arthur, vi, 184

Wan Changgui, vi, 93, 98

Wang Chopin, 154

Wang Dong, 86

Wang Gang, 101

Wang Hongzhen, 11

Wang Huizhu, 98, 99

Wang Pei, 52

Wang Qiji, 98

Wang Yanhua, 77

Wang Yifeng, 17, 74, 76

Wang Yimou, 55, 58, 64-65

Wang Yiqiu, 127

Wang Zhigang, vi, 85

Wang Zuwang, 98, 170

Water

improvements in supply of, 118

lack of surface, 116, 117

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 1992. Grasslands and Grassland Sciences in Northern China. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1942.
×

Weeds

destruction of grasslands due to, 52

poisonous, 116, 118

Wengniute Banner

characteristics of, 18-19

description of, 61

sociological surveys of, 124-126

Western development theory, 122-123

White-lipped deer (Cervus albirostris), 193

Wild ass (Equus hemionus), 193

Wild yak (Bos grunniens), 193

Wildlife, 193-194

Wind, in northern China, 41

World Bank, 151-153, 179

Wu Fengshan, 86

Wu Jianguo, vi, 55

Wu Ni, 153

Wu Qingnian, 97-98

Wu Renrun, 102

Wu-yun-gao-wa, 87

Wulanaodu, 19, 61

Wulanaodu Grassland Ecosystem Research Station, 61, 62, 146-147

Wulanchabu Plateau, 87, 89-90

Wulsin, R., 73

Wuwei Herbage Experimental Station, 164

X

Xi Libu, 154

Xia Wuping, 98

Xia Xuncheng, 175

Xiaoxinganling Mountains, 15

Xiazui, 96

Xilin River Basin

agriculture in, 70-71

composition of, 69-70, 74, 86

research conducted in, 67, 69, 75-76 78

Xilingele.

See also Inner Mongolia

characteristics of, 18-20, 68-70

future opportunities for, 80

human impact on, 70-72

research conducted in, 72-80

research problems regarding, 80

Xilingele Station. See Inner Mongolia Grassland Ecosystem Research Station

Xilinhot, 86

Xinjiang, xiii, 3, 9, 39

characteristics of, 24-26

elements of disequilibrium in grasslands of, 116-117

factors limiting utilization of grasslands in, 115-116

grassland types and utilization in, 111, 113-115

grazing animals in, 34, 35

map of, 42, 110

migration of Han to, 125, 127

proposals for management and use of grasslands in, 117-119

research conducted in, 86

soil of, 11

survey of migration and ethnic relations in, 125

vegetation and climate of, 11, 40, 41, 68-69, 109, 111-113, 116

Xinjiang August 1st Agricultural College, 6, 178-179

Xinjiang Institute of Biology, Pedology, and Psammology (CAS), 6, 175-176

Xu Bainian, 160

Xu Linren, 86

Xu Peng, 116, 117, 119, 136, 178

Y

Yan Shunguo, 98

Yang Dianan, 47

Yang Futun, 98

Yang Zhi, 76

Yang Zonggui, 76

Yellow River, 17, 21

Yilehuli Mountains, 15

Yinshan Mountains, 39, 58

Yokous, 21

Yong Shipeng, 70, 74, 75, 79, 155, 156

Yuan Dynasty, 184

Yunnan, xiii

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 1992. Grasslands and Grassland Sciences in Northern China. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1942.
×

Z

Zhang Dayong, 101

Zhang Dianmin, 116, 117

Zhang Guizhi, 79

Zhang Juming, 100

Zhang Liyun, 176

Zhang Shuyuan, 98

Zhang Songling, 98

Zhang Xinshi (Chang Hsin-shih, David Chang), vi, 3, 39, 47-50, 52, 58, 119, 135-136, 161

Zhang Yanqing, 172

Zhang, Z. M., 11

Zhang Zhixue, 102

Zhang Zihe, 167

Zhang Zutong, 90, 154-155

Zhangye Saline Soil Grassland and Animal Production Experimental

Station, 167

Zhao Jianping, 138

Zhao Lili, 85

Zhao-na-sheng, 88

Zhao Shanmin, 145

Zhao Shidong, vi, 58

Zhao Songling, 103

Zhao Xianying, 55

Zhao Xinquan, 98

Zheng Huiying, 136

Zheng Rongliang, 169

Zhi Zhongsheng, 153

Zhong Hao, 99

Zhong Wenqin, 52, 78, 139

Zhong Yankai, 75, 155

Zhou Qingqiang, 52, 78, 139

Zhou Wenyang, 52, 173

Zhou Xingmin, 93, 98, 170, 172

Zhu Tingcheng, 51, 61, 143

Zhu Xingyun, 97, 98, 168

Zhu Zhenda, 164, 165

Zokor, 24, 99

Zou Zouying, 98

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 1992. Grasslands and Grassland Sciences in Northern China. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1942.
×
Page 199
Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 1992. Grasslands and Grassland Sciences in Northern China. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1942.
×
Page 200
Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 1992. Grasslands and Grassland Sciences in Northern China. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1942.
×
Page 201
Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 1992. Grasslands and Grassland Sciences in Northern China. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1942.
×
Page 202
Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 1992. Grasslands and Grassland Sciences in Northern China. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1942.
×
Page 203
Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 1992. Grasslands and Grassland Sciences in Northern China. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1942.
×
Page 204
Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 1992. Grasslands and Grassland Sciences in Northern China. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1942.
×
Page 205
Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 1992. Grasslands and Grassland Sciences in Northern China. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1942.
×
Page 206
Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 1992. Grasslands and Grassland Sciences in Northern China. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1942.
×
Page 207
Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 1992. Grasslands and Grassland Sciences in Northern China. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1942.
×
Page 208
Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 1992. Grasslands and Grassland Sciences in Northern China. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1942.
×
Page 209
Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 1992. Grasslands and Grassland Sciences in Northern China. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1942.
×
Page 210
Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 1992. Grasslands and Grassland Sciences in Northern China. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1942.
×
Page 211
Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 1992. Grasslands and Grassland Sciences in Northern China. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1942.
×
Page 212
Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 1992. Grasslands and Grassland Sciences in Northern China. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1942.
×
Page 213
Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 1992. Grasslands and Grassland Sciences in Northern China. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1942.
×
Page 214
Grasslands and Grassland Sciences in Northern China Get This Book
×
Buy Paperback | $50.00
MyNAP members save 10% online.
Login or Register to save!
Download Free PDF

This volume describes one of the most extensive grassland ecosystems and the efforts of Chinese scientists to understand it.

Leading Chinese scientists attribute the decline in China's grasslands to overgrazing and excessive cultivation of marginal areas and discuss measures to limit the damage. The book gives its view on the Chinese approach to the study of grasslands and the relevance of this activity in China to global scientific concerns.

  1. ×

    Welcome to OpenBook!

    You're looking at OpenBook, NAP.edu's online reading room since 1999. Based on feedback from you, our users, we've made some improvements that make it easier than ever to read thousands of publications on our website.

    Do you want to take a quick tour of the OpenBook's features?

    No Thanks Take a Tour »
  2. ×

    Show this book's table of contents, where you can jump to any chapter by name.

    « Back Next »
  3. ×

    ...or use these buttons to go back to the previous chapter or skip to the next one.

    « Back Next »
  4. ×

    Jump up to the previous page or down to the next one. Also, you can type in a page number and press Enter to go directly to that page in the book.

    « Back Next »
  5. ×

    Switch between the Original Pages, where you can read the report as it appeared in print, and Text Pages for the web version, where you can highlight and search the text.

    « Back Next »
  6. ×

    To search the entire text of this book, type in your search term here and press Enter.

    « Back Next »
  7. ×

    Share a link to this book page on your preferred social network or via email.

    « Back Next »
  8. ×

    View our suggested citation for this chapter.

    « Back Next »
  9. ×

    Ready to take your reading offline? Click here to buy this book in print or download it as a free PDF, if available.

    « Back Next »
Stay Connected!