PANELIST BIOGRAPHIES
Michael Atiyah is President of the Royal Society. He was recently appointed Master of Trinity College, Cambridge University, and Director of the new Isaac Newton Institute for Mathematical Sciences. Prior to his current positions at Cambridge, Sir Michael was on the faculty of Oxford University, where he was appointed Savilian Professor of Geometry, Royal Society Research Professor, and Fellow of St. Catherine's College. From 1969 to 1972 he was Professor of Mathematics at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton. Sir Michael obtained B.A. and Ph.D. degrees in mathematics from Trinity College, Cambridge. His awards include the Fields Medal in 1966, a Royal Medal in 1968, and the Copley Medal in 1988. He is a Foreign Associate of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences. Sir Michael was knighted in 1983.
Erich Bloch is a Distinguished Fellow at the Council on Competitiveness in Washington, D.C. From 1984 to 1990 he served as Director of the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF). Prior to his NSF appointment, Mr. Bloch was corporate Vice-President for Technical Personnel Development at the IBM Corporation. During his career at IBM, he was the engineering manager of IBM's STRETCH supercomputer system and, in 1962, headed development of the Solid Logic Technology program, which provided IBM with microelectronic technology for its System/360 computer. From 1981 to 1984 Mr. Bloch served as Chairman of the Semi-conductor Research Cooperative. In 1985 he was awarded the National Medal of Technology by President Reagan. He is the recipient of the 1989 IEEE United States Activities Award for Distinguished Public Service and the 1990 IEEE Founders Medal. Mr. Bloch is currently serving as Chairman of the Working Group on the Academic Research Enterprise, Government-University-Industry Research Roundtable. He is a member of the U.S. National Academy of Engineering.
D. Allan Bromley is Assistant to the President for Science and Technology and Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) in the Executive Office of the President. He is currently on leave from his former position as Henry Ford II Professor of Physics at Yale University, where he was the founder and Director of the A. W. Wright Nuclear Structure Laboratory. Prior to his current appointment, Dr. Bromley served as a member of the White House Science Council throughout the Reagan Administration and as a member of the National Science Board (1988-1989). Dr.
Bromley has served as President of the American Association for the Advancement of Science and the International Union of Pure and Applied Physics. During his scientific career, he has carried out pioneering studies on the structure and dynamics of nuclei and has published over 450 papers in science and technology. Dr. Bromley is a member of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences.
James D. Ebert is Vice-President of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences. He served as Chairman of the Government-University-Industry Research Roundtable from 1987-1991. Dr. Ebert is currently Director of the Chesapeake Bay Institute, The Johns Hopkins University. From 1978 to 1987, he served as President of the Carnegie Institution of Washington. Prior to that position, Dr. Ebert served as President and Director of the Marine Biological Laboratory at Woods Hole from 1970 to 1978, while also concurrently heading the Carnegie Institution's Embryology Department for six of those years. Earlier in his career, he served on the faculties of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Indiana University, and Johns Hopkins University. He is a graduate of Washington and Jefferson College and obtained his Ph.D. from The Johns Hopkins University. Dr. Ebert has been a visiting professor and lecturer at many universities throughout the world, and he is especially recognized for his promotion of scientific interactions with Japan and China. He is the author of more than 175 scientific publications.
Vladimir V. Ezhkov was Deputy Chairman of the U.S.S.R. State Committee on Science and Technology and Head of the International Relations Complex. Prior to his appointment as Deputy Chairman in 1987, Dr. Ezhkov's work for the U.S.S.R. State Committee included research related to studies of the earth's natural resources using space technology (remote sensing) and to problems of computer processing of images. Dr. Ezhkov was a member of the former State Commission of the Foreign Economic Relations of the U.S.S.R. Council of Ministers. He was Chairman of the Commissions and Subcommissions on cooperation in the field of science and technology with Finland, China, Austria, Vietnam, Canada, and the European Communities. He was a director and member of the Executive Committee of the American-Soviet Trade and Economic Council. Dr. Ezhkov was educated at the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, where he received a Ph.D. in physics and mathematics.
Paolo Fasella is Director General of the Directorate for Research, Science, and Development and the Joint Research Center, the Commission of the European Communities. Prior to assuming this position, Professor Fasella was Director of the Snam Progetti-Asssoreni, Basic Research Laboratory, Montarotondo, Rome. He holds a Professorship of Biological Chemistry, University of Rome. Professor Fasella has served as President of the
European Molecular Biology Conference, Member of the European Research and Development Committee (CERD) of the European Communities, and President of the International Union of Biological Sciences. From the University of Rome, Professor Fasella received a Laurea in medicina (medical degree), a Libera Docenza (Ph.D.) in biological chemistry and a Libera Docenza (Ph.D.) in applied biochemistry. Professor Fasella is the author of more than 200 papers on protein structure and functions, neuroproteins, biological catalysis, and biotechnology, as well as articles on scientific research policy and bioethics.
Makoto Kikuchi is Executive Technical Advisor, Sony Corporation, and Professor of Electronics, Tokai University. He retired as Managing Director of the Sony Corporation in 1989. From 1974 to 1984 he served as Director of the Sony Research Center. Dr. Kikuchi began his professional career within the Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI), where he served as Head, Transistor Research Division (1954-1958), General Manager, Semiconductor Research Section (1958-1970), and General Manager, Kikuchi's Special Research Group (1970-1974). Dr. Kikuchi holds B.S., M.S., and Ph.D. degrees in physics from Tokyo University. He is the author of more than 150 scientific papers and has won three major Japanese literary prizes for his books, with his 1983 book Japanese Electronics attracting an international readership. He was elected Foreign Associate of the U.S. National Academy of Engineering in 1987.
Jiro Kondo is President of the Science Council of Japan. He currently serves as Director-General of the Research Laboratory of Innovative Technology for the Earth (RITE). In 1980 he was appointed Director of the Japanese National Institute of Environmental Studies (NIES). Dr. Kondo has held professorships in mathematics at the University of the Sacred Heart; the University of Tokyo, where he was Dean of Engineering; and, more recently, at Chiba University. He holds a degree in mathematics from Kyoto Imperial University (1940), a degree in aeronautics from Tokyo Imperial University (1945), and a Doctor of Engineering degree from Tokyo University (1958). Dr. Kondo's awards include the 1958 Ouchi Medal, the 1967 Deming Medal, the 1982 Purple Ribbon Medal, and the 1990 Grand Cordon of the Order of the Sacred Treasure.
Hubert S. Markl is Professor of Biology, Universität Konstanz. He has served as President of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) (German Research Association) and Vice-President of the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation. Professor Markl's previous university appointments include assistant professorships at Universität Munchen and Universität Frankfurt a. M.; Research Fellowships (1965-1966) at Harvard University and Rockefeller University; Dozent, Universität Frankfurt a. M.; and Professor of Zoology, TH Darmstadt. Professor Markl's university degrees
include Dr. rer. nat. in Zoology, Universität Munchen (1962) and Habilitation in Zoology, Universität Frankfurt a. M. (1967). His research includes studies in behavioral ecology, sensory physiology, and social behavior and evolution in animals. His honors include the Lorenz Oken-Medal of the Gesellschaft Deutscher Naturforscher und Ärzte; the Karl Vossler-Prize of the Bavarian Minister of Culture; the Arthur Burkhardt-Prize of the Arthur Burkhardt-Stiftung für Wissenschaftsförderung; and the Verdienstkreuz I. Klasse des Verdienstordens der Bundesrepublik Deutschland.
Yuriy A. Osipyan was Vice-President of the U.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences. Academician Osipyan has been Director of the Solid-State Physics Institute, U.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences, since 1973. He was elected to the Congress of People's Deputies in 1989 and was a member of the Supreme Soviet's Science, Education, Culture, and Upbringing Committee. He is best known for his research in the fields of semiconductors and superconductivity and is recognized for his discoveries pertaining to the impact of light on semiconductors. In addition to his scientific responsibilities, Academician Osipyan has remained active in academia as a professor, department chairman, and dean at the Moscow Physical Technical Institute. Academician Osipyan graduated from the Moscow Steel and Alloys Institute and has received a doctorate in physical and mathematical sciences. He served as President of the International Union of Pure and Applied Physics.
Filippo Pandolfi is Vice-President for Science, Research, and Development, Telecommunications, Industry and Innovation, and the Joint Research Center, The Commission of the European Communities. From 1968 to 1988 Vice-President Pandolfi was a member of the Italian Parliament (Christian Democrat), where he served as Minister of Finance, Minister of the Treasury, Minister of Industry, and Minister of Agriculture. From 1979 to 1980 he was Chairman of the Interim Committee of the International Monetary Fund. Vice-President Pandolfi holds a university degree in philosophy.
David Phillips is Chairman, U.K. Advisory Board for the Research Councils, which advises the U.K. Secretary of State for Education and Science on government funding of basic and strategic civil research. He is also a member of the Advisory Council on Science and Technology, which reports to the Prime Minister. Sir David is formerly Professor of Molecular Biophysics at the University of Oxford, where he supervised a laboratory for the detailed study of protein structure and function. He obtained his B.Sc. and Ph.D. in crystallography from University College, Cardiff. Honors awarded him include the Krebs Medal of the FEBS, the Ciba Medal of the Biochemical Society, the Royal Medal of the Royal Society, the Prix Charles Leopold Mayer of the French Academy of Sciences, and the Wolf
Prize for Chemistry. Sir David was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1967 and served as Vice-President and Biological Secretary from 1976 to 1983. He is a Foreign Associate of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences. Sir David was knighted in 1979 and was created a Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 1989.
Frank Press is President of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences. From 1977 to 1981 Dr. Press served as President Carter's scientific advisor and Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy. Previously, he served on science advisory committees during the Kennedy and Ford administrations and was appointed by President Nixon to the National Science Board. Dr. Press received an undergraduate degree from City College of New York and a Ph.D. in physics from Columbia University. He has served on the faculties of Columbia University, the California Institute of Technology, and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He is recognized internationally for his studies of the sea floor and the earth's crust and deep interior. He has also made contributions in geophysics, oceanography, lunar and planetary sciences, and natural resource exploration. He is the author of 160 scientific papers and coauthor of the textbook Earth, widely used in American and foreign universities.
Heinz F. Riesenhuber is Minister for Research and Technology, Federal Republic of Germany, having served since 1983. Previously, he served with Erzgessellschaft mbH as a director and manager, and as Technical Director, Synthomer Chemie GmbH, Frankfurt. His education includes Goethe Gymnasium, Frankfurt; Humanistisches Heinrich-von-Gagern-Gymnasium, Frankfurt, Abitur; and further studies in Frankfurt and Munchen. His publications include contributions to professional journals, year books, and parliamentary lectures on energy policies, nuclear power, the consequences of technology, cancer research, law on chemicals, and basic research.
Robert M. White is President of the U.S. National Academy of Engineering (NAE). Before assuming the NAE presidency in 1983, Dr. White served as President, University Corporation for Atmospheric Research; Administrative Officer, National Research Council; Executive Officer, National Academy of Sciences; and President, Joint Oceanographic Institutions, Inc. From 1963 to 1977 he served within the U.S. Department of Commerce as Administrator, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (1970-1977); Administrator, Environmental Science Services Administration (1965-1970); and Chief, United States Weather Service (1963-1965). Dr. White holds a B.A. degree from Harvard University and M.S. and Sc.D. degrees from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
