Nutrition During Pregnancy and Lactation: An Implementation Guide

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Nutrition During Pregnancy and Lactation: An Implementation Guide (1992)
Institute of Medicine (IOM)

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. "Part I: New Tools and Clinical Care Outlines, Introduction." Nutrition During Pregnancy and Lactation: An Implementation Guide. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 1992.

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Indications for Nutrient Supplementation

Reproductive Period and Condition	Low-Dose (30 mg) Iron^a^,^b	60-120 mg of Iron^b^,^c	Low-Dose Multivitamin/ Mineral Preparation^d	600 mg of Calcium
Preconception, interconception
Iron deficiency anemia		✓	✓
Pregnancy
Normal	✓
Complete vegetarian			✓
Multiple gestation			✓
Poor-quality diet and resistant to change			✓
Heavy cigarette smoking			✓
Alcohol abuse			✓
Under age 25, consuming no calcium-rich milk products, and resistant to change			✓^e	✓
Iron deficiency anemia		✓	✓
Lactation
Low energy intake			✓
Low intake of milk products			✓^e	✓
Iron deficiency anemia		✓	✓
^a Begin routine iron supplementation for all pregnant women by the 12th week of gestation. ^b Iron should be taken with juice or water, apart from meals. ^c Therapeutic doses of iron should be taken apart from other supplements.			^d For the suggested composition, see Tab 9. ^e The vitamin supplement is indicated to supply vitamin D. Regular exposure to sunshine reduces the need for this supplement.