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The following HTML text is provided to enhance online readability. Many aspects of typography translate only awkwardly to HTML. Please use the page image as the authoritative form to ensure accuracy. see also Amazonian agriculture; Cropping systems; Intensive cropping systems ; Shifting cultivation; Sustainable agriculture Agrisilvopastoral systems, 94, 95 advantages and disadvantages, 9, 11, 13, 98–99, 140–141, 142, 143, 332 arrangement of trees, crops, and livestock, 97–98, 148 boundary planting of trees and hedges, 94 combinations, 328–329 defined, 92 ecological benefits of, 29, 92, 97, 99, 103, 380, 524–525 and greenhouse gases, 250–251, 523 improved, 95–98 livestock in, 332–333 principles, 92 regeneration time for trees, 94 research priorities, 76, 99–100, 333, 523–524 rotational, 94 semiextractive, 330 shifting cultivation with, 80–81, 94 successful use of, 94–95, 330–331 suitability of, 68 sustainability, 95, 100, 330–331 traditional types, 93–95 tree and woody shrub species recommended for, 96–97, 330–331, 524–525 Village Forest Project, 187 see also Alley cropping; other individual systems Agropastoral systems features and benefits, 9, 13, 83–84, 140–141, 143 land suitable for, 68 livestock and crops used in, 82–83 research needs, 83, 84–85, 91–92 Alchornea cordifolia, 96, 97, 98 Alley cropping arrangement of trees and crops, 94, 97, 380 ecological/environmental benefits of, 380–382, 525 livestock in, 381 and soil fertility, 99, 100, 158, 575–576 sustainability in, 575–576 tree species used for, 98, 524–525 see also Contour hedgerow systems Amazon Basin deforestation rates, 164, 280–286 forest regeneration on grasslands, 120, 123 Grande Carajas project, 191 logging in, 283 macroecological units, 269–270 market potential for products from, 183 natural forest management, 130 timber production, 283 see also individual countries Amazonian agriculture basis for sustainability analysis of, 265–266 cattle raising, 44, 85, 88, 316–326 chronology of, 268, 271, 272–273 continuous cropping, 70 domestication of nontimber forest extraction products, 292 economics of, 271–280 environmental bottlenecks to, 290–291 expansion potential of present land use systems, 339–342 extraction of nontimber forest products, 279–280, 296–297, 306–308 on floodplains, 271–272, 277–278, 293, 314–316, 322–324 future scenario, 336–339
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