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Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 1993. Wind and the Built Environment: U.S. Needs in Wind Engineering and Hazard Mitigation. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1995.
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Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 1993. Wind and the Built Environment: U.S. Needs in Wind Engineering and Hazard Mitigation. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1995.
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Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 1993. Wind and the Built Environment: U.S. Needs in Wind Engineering and Hazard Mitigation. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1995.
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Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 1993. Wind and the Built Environment: U.S. Needs in Wind Engineering and Hazard Mitigation. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1995.
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Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 1993. Wind and the Built Environment: U.S. Needs in Wind Engineering and Hazard Mitigation. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1995.
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Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 1993. Wind and the Built Environment: U.S. Needs in Wind Engineering and Hazard Mitigation. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1995.
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Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 1993. Wind and the Built Environment: U.S. Needs in Wind Engineering and Hazard Mitigation. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1995.
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Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 1993. Wind and the Built Environment: U.S. Needs in Wind Engineering and Hazard Mitigation. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1995.
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Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 1993. Wind and the Built Environment: U.S. Needs in Wind Engineering and Hazard Mitigation. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1995.
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Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 1993. Wind and the Built Environment: U.S. Needs in Wind Engineering and Hazard Mitigation. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1995.
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Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 1993. Wind and the Built Environment: U.S. Needs in Wind Engineering and Hazard Mitigation. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1995.
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Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 1993. Wind and the Built Environment: U.S. Needs in Wind Engineering and Hazard Mitigation. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1995.
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Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 1993. Wind and the Built Environment: U.S. Needs in Wind Engineering and Hazard Mitigation. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1995.
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References All-Industry Research Advisory Council. 1989. Surviving the Storm: Building Codes, Compliance and the Mitigation of Hurricane Damage. All-Industry Research Advisory Council in cooperation with the National Committee on Property Insurance. Oakbrook, Illinois: All-Industry Research Advisory Council. American National Standards Institute. 1982. Building Code Requirements for Minimum Design Loads on Buildings and Other Structures. ANST A58.~. New York: American Society of Civil Engineers. American Society of Civil Engineers. 1989. Special Issue: Wind Damage Mitigation; Special Section: Mitigation of Damage Due to Severe Wind. Journal of Aerospace Engineering. 2~2~; 2~4~. Anthes, R. A. 1982. Tropical Cyclones: Their Evolution, Structure and Effects. Monograph No. 41. Boston: American Meteorological Society. Anthony, R. 1988. Tornado/severe thunderstorm climatology for the southeastern United States. Pp. 511-516 in Preprints, ISth Conference on Severe Local Storms, February 22-26, 198S, Baltimore, Maryland. Boston: American Meteorological Society. Beatley, T. and P. Berke. 1989. Local Planning and Earthquake Mitigation: Risk, Politics and Policy. College Station: Hazard Reduction and Recovery Center, Texas A&M University. Beckett, H. E., and J. A. Godfrey. 1974. Windows: Peformance, Design, and Installation. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold. Bedard, A. J., Jr. and T. J. LeFebvre. 1983. Downslope windstorms and negative buoyancy forces. Pp. 283-287 in Preprints, 13th Conference on Severe Local Storms, October 17-20, 1983, Tulsa, Oklahoma. Boston: American Meteorological Society. Black, P. G., R. L. Elsberry, L. K. Shay, R. P. Partridge, and J. D. Hawkins. 1988. Atmospheric boundary layer and oceanic mixed layer observations in Hurricane Josephine obtained from air-deployed drifting buoys and research aircraft. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology. 5~6~:683-698. Blechman, J. B. 1975. The Wisconsin tornado event of April 21, 1974: Observations and theory of secondary vortices. Pp. 344-349 in Preprints, 9th Conference on Severe Local Storms, October 21-23, 1975, Norman, Oklahoma. Boston: American Meteorological Society. ~4

References 115 Bluestein, H. B., E. W. McCaul, Jr., G. P. Byrd, G. R. Woodall, G. Martin, S. Keighton, and L. C. Showell. 1989. Mobile sounding observations of a thunderstorm near the Skyline: The Gruver, Texas storm complex of 25 May 1987. Monthly Weather Review. 117:244-250. Bluestein, H. B., and W. P. Unruh. 1989. Observations of the w~ndfield in tornadoes, funnel clouds, and wall clouds with a portable Doppler radar. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. 70~12~:1514-1525. grower, D. J., T. Beatley, and D. J. L. Blatt. 1987. Reducing Hurricane and Coastal Storm Hazards Through Growth Management: A Guidebook for North Carolina Coastal Localities. Chapel Hill: Center for Urban and Regional Studies, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Caplow, T., H. Bahr, and B. Chadwick. 1984. Analysis of the Readiness of Local Communities for Integrated Emergency Planning. Charlottesville: United Research Services, Inc. Charba, J. 1974. Application of g-current model to analysis of squall line gust front. Monthly Weather Review. 102:140-156. Chin, ~ N. L., ed. 1970. Proceedings of USA-Japan Research Seminar on Wind Loads on Structures, October 19-24, 1970, University of Hawaii, Honolulu. Chin, A. N. L., ed. 1978. Wind Engineering Research Digest, Vol. 3. Honolulu, Hawaii: University of Hawaii at Manoa. Colgate, S. A. 1982. Small rocket tornado probe. Pp. 396-400 in Preprints, 12th Conference on Severe Local Storms, January 12-15, 1982, San Anton~o, Texas. Boston: American Meteorological Society. Courville, G. E. 1989. Proceedings of the Roof Wind Uplift Testing Workshop, November 8-9, 1989, Oak Ridge, Tennessee. P.S. Gillis, ed. Davenport, A. G. 1967. Gust loading factors. Journal of Structural Division, ASCE. 93:11-34. Davis, B., and G. Condra. 1989. The on-site costs of wind erosion on farms in New Mexico. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation. 44~4~:339-343. Davies-Jones, R. P., 1983. Tornado dynamics, Chapter 10 in Thunderstorm Morphology and Dynamics of Thunderstorms: A Social, Scientific, and Technological Documentary, 2nd ea., Vol. 2. E. Kessler, ed. Nolan: University of Oklahoma Press. Drabek T. 1985. Managing the emergency response. Public Administration Review. 45:85-92.

116 Hand and He Built Environment Drabek T. 1986. Human Systems Responses to Disaster: An Inventory of Sociological Finding. New York: Spr~nger-Verleg. Doswell, C. ~ HI, and D. W. Burgess. 1988. On some issues of United States tornado climatology. Monthly Weather Review. 116:495-501. Dynes, R. 1983. Problems in Emergency Planning. Energy. 8(8-9):653-660. Easterling, D. R., and P. J. Robinson. 1985. The diurnal variation of thunderstorms activity in the United States. Journal of Climatology and Applied Meteorology. 24:1048-1058. Emanuel, K ~ 1987. The dependence of hurricane intensity on climate. Nature. 326:483-485. FEMA 1989. Interagency Hazard Mitigation Team Report for Hurricane Hugo. FEMA 843-DR-SC. Atlanta: Federal Emergency Management Agency. Forbes, G. S. 1978. Three scales of motions associated with tornadoes. U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, NUREG/CR-0363. Chicago. Friedman, Donald G. 1989. Is Hugo a forerunner of future great hurricanes? Paper presented at the National Committee on Property Insurance Annual Forum, Philadelphia, December 13, 1989. Pp. 8-9. Fujita, T. T. 1971. Proposed characterization of tornadoes and hurricanes by area and intensity. SMRP Research Paper No. 91. Chicago: Department of Geophysical Sciences, University of Chicago. Fujita, T. T. 1976. Spearhead echo and downburst near the approach end of a John F. Kennedy Airport runway, New York City. SMRP Research Paper 137. Chicago: University of Chicago. Fujita, T. T. 1981. Tornadoes and downbursts in the context of generalized planetary scales. Journal of Atmospheric Sciences. 38(1):1511-1534. Fujita, T. T. 1985. The Downburst. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Fujita, T. T. 1987. U.S. Tornadoes, Part 1, 70 year statistics. Chicago: University of Chicago. Fujita, T. T., and ~ D. Pearson. 1973. Results of FPP classification of 1971 and 1972 tornadoes. Pp. 14245 in Prepnnts, Sth Conference on Severe Local Storms, October 15-17, 1973, Denver, Colorado. Boston: American Meteorological Society.

References 117 Gently, R. 1983. Genesis of tornadoes associated with hurricanes. Monthly Weather Review. Ill:1793-~805. God, R. C. 1976. Vertical structure of thunderstorm outflows. Monthly Weather Review. 104:1429-1440. Golden, J. H. 1989. The coming deluge of wind `data for wind engineers. Pp. Al- 32-Al~3 In Proceedings of the 6th U.S. National Congress on Wmd Engineering, March 8-10, 1989, Un~versitr of Houston, Texas. Boston: American Meteorological Society. Golden, J. H., and D. Purcell. 1977. Photogrammetnc velocities for the Great Bend, Kansas tornado of 30 August 1974: accelerations and asymmetries. Monthly Weather Review. 105:485-492. Gray, W. H. 1990. Likely increase in intense landfalling hurricanes in the coming decades. Paper presented at the 12th Annual Hurricane Conference, Dallas, Texas, Apn} 20, 1990. Grazulis, T. P. 1990. Significant Tornadoes...A 107 year perspective. Preprints, 6th U.S. National Conference on Wind Engineering, March 8-10, 1989, Houston, Texas. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industnal Aerodynamics. 36~:131- 151. Haas, J. E., R. W. Kates, and M. J. B. Bowden. 1977. Reconstruction Following Disaster. Cambridge: MIT Press. Hoetmer, G. 1983. Emergency Management: Baseline Data Reports 15 (ApnI). Washington, D.C.: International City Management Association. Huszar, P. C. and S. L. Piper. 1986. Estimating the off-site costs of wind erosion in New Mexico. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation. 41(6):414~16. Insurance Information Institute. 1992. The Fact Book: 1992 Property/Casually Insurance Facts. New York. Ishizaki, H. and ~ N. L. Chin, eds. 1974. Wind Effects on Structures. Proceedings of the Second USA-Japan Research Seminar on Wind Effects on Structures, September 9-13, 1974, Kyoto, Japan. Johns, R. H., and W. D. Hirt. 1987. Derechos: widespread connectively induced windstorms. Weather and Forecasting. 2:3249. Kelly, D. L., J. T. Schaefer, and C. ~ Doswell, ITI. 1985. Climatology of Nontornadic Severe Thunderstorm Events in the United States. Monthly Weather Review. 113:1997-2014.

118 Mind and He Buill Environment Kessler, E., ed. 1986. Thunderstorms: A Social, Scientific and Technological Documentary. Vol. 2, Thunderstorm Morphology and Dynamics. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. Krimgold, F. and J. Lop ez-Ramirez. 1989. Search and Rescue in Collapsed Buildings. Virginia: Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. Leik R., M. T. Carter, J. P. Clark, S. D. Kendal, and G. Gifford. 1981. Community Response to Natural Hazard Warnings. Final Report. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota. Lilly, D. K, and E. J. Zipser. 1972. The Front Range windstorm of 11 January 1972- -A meteorological narrative. Weatherwise. 25:56-63. Lund, D. E., and J. T. Snow. 1991. Laser Doppler velocimeter measurements in tornado-like vortices. Proceedings, Third Tornado Symposium, Norris an, Oklahoma. April 2-5, 1991. Washington, D.C.: American Geophysical Union. Mader, G. G. 1980. Land Use Planning After Earthquakes. Portola Valley, California: William Spangle and Associates, Inc. Mader, G. G. 1985. A Review of the Seismic Safety Element Requirements in California. Report #SSC 85-05. Sacramento: State of California Seismic Safety Commission. Manning, B. R. 1991. Coastal Building Department Survey. Southern Building Code Congress International for State Farm Insurance Company. Birmingham, Alabama. Marshall, R. D. 1984. Wind tunnels applied to wind engineering in Japan. Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE. 110~6~:1203-1221. McCaul, E. W., Jr. 1987. Observations of the Hurricane '[Danny" tornado outbreak of 16 August 1985. Monthly Weather Review. 115:1206-1223. McDonald, W. F. S. 1935. Lowest barometer reading in the Florida Keys storm of September 2, 1935. Monthly Weather Review. 63:295. McDonald, J. R. 1991. Damage mitigation and occupant safety. Proceedings of the Third Tornado Symposium, Norman, Oklahoma. April 2-5, 1991. Washington, D.C.: American Geophysical Union. McKean, K 1984. Taming the city's winds. Discover Magazine. 5(3):94-97.

References 119 Minor, J. E., J. R. McDonald, and K. C. Mehta. 1977. The tornado: An engineering- onented perspective. NOAA Technical Memorandum ERL NSSL-82. Norman, Oklahoma: Environmental Research Laboratories. National Research Council. 1981. The Kalamazoo Tornado of May 13, 1980. Committee on Natural Disasters. National Research Council. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press. National Research Council. 1984. Hurricane Alicia' Galveston and Houston, Texas, August 17-~S, 1983. Committee on Natural Disasters. National Research Council. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press. National Research Council. 1985. Hurricanes Eva, Alicia, and Diana-Common Themes. Committee on Natural Disasters. National Research Council. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press. National Research Council. 1987. Confronting Natural Disasters: An International Decade for Natural Hazard Reduction. Advisory Committee on the International Decade for Natural Hazard Reduction. National Research Council. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press. National Research Council. 1989. Reducing Disasters' Toll: the United States Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction. Advisory Committee on the International Decade for Natural Hazard Reduction. Washington, D.C.: Nations Academy Press. National Research Council. 1991a. Assessment of Research Needs for Wind Turbine Rotor Materials Technology. Panel on the Assessment of Research Need for Wind Turbine Rotor Materials Technology, Energy Engineering Board. National Research Council. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press. National Research Council. 199 Ib. Natural Disaster Studies, Volume Two, Saragosa Texas, Tornado, May 22, 1987, An Evaluation of the Warning System. Committee on Natural Disasters. National Research Council. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press. Novian, D., and W. Gray. 1974. Hurricane-spawned tornadoes. Monthly Weather Review. 102:476488. Office of Technology Assessment. 1985. New Electric Power Technologies. White Paper. Washington, D.C.: Office of Technology Assessment. - c, Office of Technology Assessment. 1990. Rebuilding the Foundations: A Special Report on State and Local Public Works Financing and Management. OTA- SET~47. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.

120 Bred and He Built Environment Piper, S. Lo. 1988. Measuring the particulate pollution damage from wind erosion in the western United States. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation. 44(1):70- Quarantehi, E. 1983. Delivery of Emergency Medical Services in Disasters: Assumptions and Realities. New York: Irv~ngton Publishers. Quarantelli, E. 1985. The Functioning of the Local Emergency Services in Disasters. Final report series number 32. Newark Delaware: Disaster Research Center, University of Delaware. Riehl, H. 1979. Climate and Weather in the Tropics. London: Academic Press. Riordan, P., and P. G. Bourget. 1985. World Weather Extremes. U.S. Army Engineer Topographic Laboratories Report, ETL-0416. Fort Belvoir, Virginia: The Laboratories. Ruch, C., P. Berke, M. Haflich, H. C. Miller, and N. Stubbs. 1990. The Feasibility of Vertical Evacuations: Behavioral, Legal, Political, and Structural Considerations. College Station: Hazard Reduction and Recovery Center, Texas A&M University. Schmidlin, T. W. 1988. Ohio tornado climatology, 1950-85. Pp. 523-524 in Preprints, 15th Conference on Several Local Storms, February 22-26, 1988, Baltimore, Maryland. Boston: American Meteorological Societr. Simpson, R. H., and H. Riehl. 1981. The Hurricane and Its Impact. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press. Snow, J. T. 1987. Atmospheric columnar vortices. Review of Geophysics. 25:371-385. Wakimoto, R. M. 1982. The life cycle of thunderstorm gust fronts as viewed by Doppler radar and rawinsonde data. Monthly Weather Review. 110:106~1082. Wakimoto, R. M., and J. W. Wilson. 1989. Non-supercell tornadoes. Monthly Weather Review. Boston' MA: American Meteorological Society. 117:1113- 1140. Wenger, D. 1989. The study of volunteer and emergent organizational response: approaches and issues for future research. Paper presented at Workshop on Earthquake Injury Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, May 16, 1989. Wenger, D., J. Dykes, T. Sebok, and J. Neff. 1975. It's a matter of myths: An empirical examination of individual insight into disaster response. Mass Emergencies. 1:33-46.

References 121 Wenger, D., T. James, and C. Faupel. 1980. Disaster Beliefs and Emergency Planning. Newark: Disaster Research Project, University of Delaware. Wenger, D. and E. Quarantelli. 1988. Disaster Analysis: Police and Fire Departments. Final Report 35. Newark, Delaware: Disaster Research Center, University of Delaware. Wenger, D., E. Quarantelli, and R. Dynes. 1987. Disaster Analysis: Local Emergency Management Offices and Arrangements. Final Project Report. Newark, Delaware: Disaster Research Center, University of Delaware. Willoughby, H. E., J. A. Clos, and M. G. Shoreibah. 1982. Concentric eyewalIs, secondary wind maxima, and the evolution of the hurricane vortex. Journal of Atmospheric Science. 39:395-411. Wyner, A. and D. Mann. 1983. Seismic Safety Policy in California: Local Gove~nents and Earthquake. Santa Barbara: Department of Political Science, University of California at Santa Barbara. BACKGROI~D REFERENCES Abbey, R. F., Jr. 1976. Risk probabilities associated with tornado w~ndspeeds. Pp. 177-236 in Symposium on Tornadoes, June 22-24, 1976, Texas Tech University. Advances in Wind Engineering, Proceedings of the Seventh International Congress on Wind Engineering, Achen, West Germany, 1987. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, Vols. 28-30. American Society of Civil Engineers. 1990. Minimum Loads for Buildings and Other Structures, art American Society of Civil Engineers Standard. ANSI/ASCE 7- 88. New York: American Society of Civil Engineers. American Society of Heating, Refngeration and Air-Condition~ng Engineers. 1972. ASHRAE Handbook on Fundamentals. Anderson, C. E. 1985. The fall-out pattern for debris from the Barneveld, W! Tornado, An F-5 storm. Pp. 262-266 in Preprints, 14th Conference on Severe Local Storms, October 29 - November i, 1989, Indianapolis, Indiana. Boston: American Meteorological Society. Basu, R. I., and B. J. Vickery. 1983. Across-w~nd vibrations of structures of circular cross section. Part IT, Development of a mathematical mode] for full-scale application. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics. 12:75- 97.

122 Hued and He Buill Environment Blueste~n, H. B. 1983. Measurements in the vicinity of severe thunderstorms and tornadoes with TOTO: 1982-83 results. Pp. 89-92 in Preprints, 13th Conference on Severe Local Storms, Tulsa, Oklahoma. Boston: American Meteorological Society. Burgess, D. W., V. T. Wood, and R. A. Brown, 1982. Mesocyclone evolution statistics. Pp. 422-424 in Preprints, 12th Conference on Severe Local Storms, January 12-15, 1982, San Anton~o, Texas. Boston: American Meteorological Society. Cermak J. E. 1971. Laboratory simulation of the atmospheric boundary layer. AIAA Journal. 9:679-690. Cermak, J. E. 1973. Fluid mechanics applications to problems of wind forces on structures and air pollution. Pp. 37-54 in Developments in Mechanics, Proceedings of the 13th Midwestern Mechanics Conference, Vol. 7. Cermak, J. E. 1975. Applications of fluid mechanics to wind engineering, A Freeman Scholar Lecture. AS ME Journal of Fluids Engineering. 97:9-38. Cermak J. E. 1976. Aerodynamics of buildings. Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics. 8:75-106. Cermak J. E. 1984. Physical modeling of flow and dispersion over complex terrain. Boundary Layer Meteorology. 30:261-292. Cermak J. E. 1987. Advances in physical modeling for wind engineering. Journal of Eng~neenug Mechanics, ASCE. 113:737-756. Chen, P. W., and L. E. Robertson. 1972. Human perception thresholds of horizontal motion. Journal of Structural Division, ASCE. 98:1681-1695. Court, A., and J. F. Griffiths. 1983. Thunderstorm climatology, Chapter 2 in Thunderstorm MoIphology and Dynamics of Thunderstorms: A Social, Scientific, and Technological Documentary. 2nd ea., Vol. 2. E. Kessler, ed. Nonnan: University of Oklahoma Press. Page 412. Davenport, A. G. 1964. The buffeting of large superficial structures by atmospheric turbulence. Annals of the New York Academy of Science. Il6:135-160. Davenport, A. G. 1977. The prediction of risk under wind loading. Pp. 511-538 in ICOSSAR '77, Second International Conference on Structural Safety and Reliability, Munich. Davenport, ~ G. 1983. The relationship of reliability to wind loading. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics. 3~-3~:3-27.

References 123 Davenport, ~ G., and N. Isyumov. 1967. The Application of the boundary layer wind tunnel to the prediction of wind loading. Pp. 201-230 in Proceedings of the International Research Seminar on Wind Effects on Buildings and Structures, Ottawa, Canada. Davenport, ~ G., D. Surry, and T. Stathopoulos. 1977—1978. Wind Loads on Low Rise Buildings, Final Report on Phases I, IT, and IlI. University of Western Ontario Report BEWT-SSS. Dunnavan, G.M., and J. W. Dierck. 1980. An analysis of Super Typhoon Tip, October 1979. Monthly Weather Review. 108:1915-1923. EPRI. 1980. Proceedings, Workshop on Wind Climate, Ashville, N.C., November 1979. K C. Mehta, ed. Electric Power Research Institute Research Project 1277. Fujita, T. T. 1978. Workbook of tornadoes and high winds. SMRP Research Paper 165. Chicago: University of Chicago. Fujita, T. T., and G. S. Forbes. 1976. D. Three scales of motion involving tornadoes. Pp. 53-57 in Proceedings of a Symposium on Tornadoes: Assessment of Knowledge and Implications for Man. Lubbock: Institute for Disaster Research, Texas Tech University. Grazulis, T. P. 1984. Violent Tornado Climatology ISS0-1982. NUREG/CR-3670. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Grazulis, T. P., and R. F. Abbey, Jr. 1983. 103 years of violent tornadoes...Patterns of serendipity, population, and mesoscale topography. Pp. 124-127 in Preprints, 13th Conference on Severe Local Storms, October 17-20, 1983, Tulsa, Oklahoma. Boston: American Meteorological Society. Hansen R. J., J. W. Reed, and E. H. Vanmarcke. 1973. Human response to wind induced motion of buildings. Journal of Structural Division, ASCE. 99(ST7~: 1589-1605. Hebert, P. I., and G. Taylor. 1979. Hurricanes. Weatherwise. 32~3~:100-107. Howelis, P. ~ C., R. Rotuno, and R. K Smith. 1988. A comparative study of atmospheric and laboratory-analogue numencal tornado-vortex models. Quarterly Journal of Royal Meteorological Society. 114~481~:801-822. Hurricane Alicia: One Year Later, 1984, Proceedings of an ASCE Specialty Conference, Galveston, Texas. Huschke, R. E. 1959. Glossary of Meteorology. Boston: American Meteorological Society.

124 Wnd and die Built Environment Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics (formerly Journal of Industnal Aerodynamics), Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company. Kareern, A. K 1982. Fluctuating wind loads on buildings. Journal of Engineering Mechanics Divisions ASCE. 108:1086-~102. Kareem, A. K 1986. Performance of cladding in Hurricane Alicia. Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE. 112(12):2679-2693. Kareem, A. K. 1987. Wind Effects on Structures: A probabilistic viewpoint. Probabilistic Eng~neenng Mechanics. 2(4):166-200. Kareem, A. K. 1990. Reduction of wind induced motion utilizing a tuned sloshing damper. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industnal Aerodynamics. 36:725- 7~2q Kelly, D. L., J. T. Schaefer, R. P. McNulty, C. A. Doswell, and R. F. Abbey. 1978. An augmented tornado climatology. Monthly Weather Review. 106:~172-1183. Li, Yousun and ~ K Kareem. 1990. Stochastic response of tension leg platforms to wind and waves fields. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics. 36:915-926. Lin, Y. K and P. J. Holmes. 1978. Stochastic analysis of wind-loaded structures. Journal of Engineering Mechanics Division. 104:421-439. Maher, F. J., and L. E. Wittig. 1980. Aerodynamic response of long H-sections. Journal of Structural Divisions ASCE. 106(1):183-198. Mahmoodi, P. 1969. Structural dampers. Journal of Structural Division, ASCE. 95:1661-1672. Marshah, R. D. 1977. The Measurement of Wind Loads on a Full-Scale Mobile Home. NBS IR 77-1289. Washington' D.C.: National Bureau of Standards. MarshaH, P. W., and W. H. Luyties. 1982. Allowable stresses for fatigue design. Pp. 3-25 in Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Behavior of Off- Shore Structures, Vol. 2. Mathews, E., C. Crosby, J. Visser, and J. Meyer. 1988. Numerical prediction of wind loads on buildings. Journal of Wind Engineenug and Industrial Aerodynamics. 31:241-250. Matsumoto, T. 1986. On the across-wind oscillation of tall buildings. Journal of Wind Engineenng and Industrial Aerodynamics. 24:69-85.

References 125 Mehta, K C., J. E. Minor, I. R. McDonald, B. R. Manning, J. I. Abernathy, and U. W. KoehIer. 1975. Engineering Aspects of Tornadoes of Apn] 3-4, 1974, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D. C. Melbourne, W. H. 1978. Criteria for env~ron~nental wind conditions. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics. 3:241-249. Meroney, R. N. 1982. Turbulent dispersion near buildings. E. J. Plate, ea., Engineering Meteorology: fundamentals of meteorology and their application to problems in environment and civil engineering. New York: Elsev~er Scientific Publications. Murakam~, S., and ~ Mochida. 1987. Three-dimensional numerical simulation of air Bow around a cubic mode} by means of large eddy simulation. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics. 25:291-305. Murakam~, S., and A. Mochida. 1988. 3-D numerical simulation of airflow around a cubic mode} by means of the k-e model. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics. 31:283-303. Novak, M., ~ G. Davenport, and H. Tanaka, 1978. Vibration of towers due to galloping of iced cables. Journal of Engineering Mechanics Division. 104:457- 473. Pagliuca, S. 1934. The great wind of April 11-12, 1934, on Mount Washington, N.H., and its measurement. Part I, Winds of superhurricane force, and a heated anemometer for their measurement during ice-forrrung conditions. Monthly Weather Review. 62:~86-89. Peterka, J. A., and E. Arens. 1984. Control of the wind climate around buildings. Journal of Transportation Division, ASCE. ~ 10:493-505. Peterka, J. An, and J. E. Creak. 1975. Wind pressures on buildings-Probability densities. Journal of Structural Division, ASCE. 101:1255-1267. Petersen, R. L., and J. E. Cermak. 1979. Plume rise for varying ambient turbulence, thermal stratification, and stack exit conditions-A numerical and laboratory evaluation, wind engineering. Pp. 1019-1033 in Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference, Fort Collins, Colorado, July 8-14, 1979. Vol. 2. Oxford: Pergamon Press. Petersen, R. L., and M. ~ Ratclif£ 1989. Vapor Barrier Assessment Program for Delaying and Diluting Heaver-than-Air HE Vapor Clouds—A Wind Tunnel Modeling Evaluation, Cermak Peterka Petersen, Inc. A report for the Industry Cooperative HE Mitigation/Assessment Program.

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This book assesses wind engineering research studies in the past two decades to identify an interdisciplinary research agenda and delineate an action plan for evaluation of critical wind engineering efforts.

It promotes the interdisciplinary approach to achieve collaborative research, assesses the feasibility of formalizing undergraduate wind engineering curricula, and assesses international wind engineering research activities and transfer approaches for U.S. applications.

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