. "B CATALOG OF EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASE AGENTS." Emerging Infections: Microbial Threats to Health in the United States. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 1992.
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Emerging Infections: Microbial Threats to Health in the United States
DISTRIBUTION
most cases are reported from Japan
cases are also sporadically reported from North and South America, Europe, Asia, and the South Pacific
infected fish can potentially be shipped to any region of the world
INCUBATION PERIOD
1 to 12 hours for gastric attachment; 7 to 14 days for intestinal attachment
TREATMENT
endoscopic removal of larva
surgery may be necessary to remove obstruction
PREVENTION AND CONTROL
heating marine fish to 140°F for 10 minutes or freezing at -4°F for at least five days kills the larvae
FACTORS FACILITATING EMERGENCE
increasing popularity of raw fish dishes in the United States and elsewhere
Babesia
DISEASE(S) AND SYMPTOMS
Babesiosis
fever, fatigue, chills, and hemolytic anemia lasting from several days to a few months
DIAGNOSIS
blood smear contains red blood cells with visible parasites
INFECTIOUS AGENT
Babesia microti and other Babesia species (protozoan parasites)
nymphal Ixodes ticks (carried by deer mice) are vectors; adult ticks live on deer
MODE OF TRANSMISSION
bite of a nymphal Ixodes tick
not directly transmitted from person to person
occasional transmission by blood transfusion has been reported
