The following HTML text is provided to enhance online
readability. Many aspects of typography translate only awkwardly to HTML.
Please use the page image
as the authoritative form to ensure accuracy.
Emerging Infections: Microbial Threats to Health in the United States
TABLE 2-4 Representative Examples of Virulence Factors Encoded by Bacteriophages, Plasmids, and Transposons
Mobile Genetic Element
Organism
Virulence Factor
Bacteriophage
Streptococcus pyogenes
Escherichia coli
Staphylococcus aureus
Erythrogenic toxin
Shiga-like toxin
Enterotoxins A D E
Staphylokinase
TSST-1 toxin
Clostridium botulinum
Neurotoxins C D E
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
Diphtheria toxin
Plasmid
Escherichia coli
Enterotoxins LT, ST
Pili colonization factor
Hemolysin
Urease
Serum resistance factor
Adherence factors
Cell invasion factors
Bacillus anthracis
Edema factor
Lethal factor
Protective antigen
Poly-D-glutamic acid capsule
Yersinia species
Intracellular growth factor
Capsule production factor
Yersinia pestis
Coagulase
Fibrinolysin
Murine toxin
Transposon
Escherichia coli
Heat-stable enterotoxins
Aerobactin siderophores?
Hemolysin and x-pili operons?
Shigella dysenteriae
Shiga toxin?
Vibrio cholerae
Cholera toxin
ZOT toxin
ACE toxin
NOTE: TSST-1=toxic shock syndrome toxin-1; LT=heat-labile enterotoxin; ST=heat-stable enterotoxin; ZOT=zona occuldens toxin; ACE=accessory cholera enterotoxin; ?=the DNA structure strongly suggests a transposon, but actual transposition has not been demonstrated.
SOURCE: J. Mekalanos, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Harvard Medical School.
meningitis. Microscopic examination and culture of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), however, were negative for Neisseria meningitidis (Centers for Disease Control, 1985). Within the next two years, additional outbreaks and isolated cases were reported in nine other towns in São Paulo State. It was also determined that a similar outbreak had occurred in May 1984, in the neighboring state of Paraná (Centers for Disease Control, 1985, 1986; Brazilian
