References
Atkinson, R., and Jackson, G., eds. (1992) Research and Education Reform: Roles for the Office of Educational Research and Improvement. Committee on the Federal Role in Education Research, Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, National Research Council. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press.
Baker, K. A., and de Kanter, A. A., eds. (1983) Bilingual Education: A Reappraisal of Federal Policy. Lexington, Mass.: Lexington Books.
Box, G.E.P., and Draper, N. R. (1969) Evolutionary Operation: A Statistical Method for Process Improvement. New York: John Wiley.
Box, G.E.P., and Draper, N. R. (1987) Empirical Model-building and Response Surfaces. New York: John Wiley.
Braun, H. I. (1988) A new approach to avoiding problems of scale in interpreting trends in mental measurement data. Journal of Educational Measurement, 25(3), 171–191.
Braun, H. I., and Holland, P. W. (1982) Observed-score test equating: A mathematical analysis of some ETS equating procedures. In P. W. Holland and D. B. Rubin, eds., Test Equating, pp. 9–49. New York: Academic Press.
Burkheimer, Jr., G.J., Conger, A. J., Dunteman, G. H., Elliott, B. G., and Mowbray, K. A. (1989) Effectiveness of services for language-minority limited-english-proficient students (2 vols). Technical report, Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, N.C.
Campbell, D. (1969) Prospective: Artifact and control. In R. Rosenthal and R. Rosnow, eds., Artifact in Behavioral Research. New York: Academic Press.
Campbell, D. T. (1978) Experimental design: Quasi-experimental design. In W. H. Kruskal and J. M. Tanur, eds., International Encyclopedia of Statistics, pp. 299–304. New York: The Free Press.
Chambers, J. M., Cleveland, W.S., Kleiner, B., and Tukey, P.A., (1983) Graphical Methods for Data Analysis. Belmont, Calif.: Wadsworth International Group.
Cochran, W. G. (1965) The planning of observational studies of human populations (with discussion). Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series A, 128, 124–135.
Cochran, W. G. (1977) Sampling Techniques (third ed.). New York: John Wiley.
Cook, T. D., and Campbell, D. T. (1979) Quasi-experimentation. Chicago, Ill.: Rand McNally.
Cornfield, J., Haenszel, W., Hammond, E., and others (1959) Smoking and lung cancer: Recent evidence and a discussion of some questions. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 22, 173–203.
Cox, D. R. (1958a) The interpretation of the effects of non-additivity in the latin square. Biometrika, 45, 69–73.
Cox, D. R. (1958b) The Planning of Experiments. New York: John Wiley.
Crawford, J. (1989) Bilingual Education: History, Politics, Theory, and Practice. Trenton, N.J.: Crane Publishing Co.
Dannoff, M. N. (1978) Evaluation of the impact of ESEA Title VII Spanish/English bilingual education programs. Technical report, American Institutes for Research, Washington, D.C.
Development Associates (1984a) The descriptive phase report of the national longitudinal study of the effectiveness of services for LMLEP students. Technical report, Development Associates Inc., Arlington, Va.
Development Associates (1984b) Overview of the research design plans for the national longitudinal study study of the effectiveness of services for LMLEP students, with appendices. Technical report, Development Associates Inc., Arlington, Va.
Development Associates (1986) Year 1 report of the longitudinal phase. Technical report, Development Associates Inc., Arlington, Va.
DuMouchel, W. H., and Harris, J. E. (1983) Bayes methods for combining the results of cancer studies in humans and other species (with discussion). Journal of the American Statistical Association, 78, 293–308.
Duncan, O. D. (1975) Introduction to Structural Equation Models. New York: Academic Press.
Ellickson, P.L., and Bell, R.M. (1992) Challenges to social experiments: A drug prevention example. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 29, 79–101.
Evans, A. S. (1976) Causation and disease: The Henle-Kock postulates revisited. Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine, 49, 175–195.
Fienberg, S. E. (1980) The Analysis of Cross-Classified Categorical Data (second ed.). Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.
Fienberg, S. E., Singer, B., and Tanur, J. (1985) Large-scale social experimentation in the united states. In A. C. Atkinson and S. E. Fienberg, eds., A Celebration of Statistics: The ISI Centenary Volume, pp. 287–326. New York: Springer Verlag.
Fisher, R. A. (1925) Statistical Methods for Research Workers (first ed.). Edinburgh: Oliver and Boyd.
Fishman, J. A. (1977) The social science perspective. In Bilingual Education: Current Perspectives. Vol. 1: Social Science, pp. 1–49. Rosslyn, Va.: Center for Applied Linguistics.
Freedman, R., and Takeshita, J. (1969) Family Planning in Taiwan: An Experiment in Social Change. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.
Gnanadesikan, R. (1977) Methods for Statistical Data Analysis of Multivariate Data. New York: Wiley.
Groves, R. M. (1989) Survey Errors and Survey Costs. New York: John Wiley.
Hakuta, K. (1986) Mirror of Language: The Debate on Bilingualism. New York: Basic Books.
Hoaglin, D. C., Light, R., McPeek, B., Mosteller, F., and Stoto, M. (1982) Data for Decisions. Cambridge, Mass.: Abt Associates.
Johnson, N. L., and Kotz, S., eds. (1982–1989) The Encyclopedia of Statistical Sciences (10 volumes). New York: John Wiley.
Kasprzyk, D., Duncan, G., Kalton, G., and Singh, M. P. (1987) Panel Surveys. New York: John Wiley.
Kempthorne, O. (1952) The Design and Analysis of Experiments. New York: John Wiley.
Kish, L. (1965) Survey Sampling. New York: John Wiley.
Kruskal, W. H., and Mosteller, F. (1988) Representative sampling. In S. Kotz and N. L. Johnson, eds. Encyclopedia of Statistical Sciences, volume 8, pp. 77–81. New York: John Wiley and Sons.
Kruskal, W. H., and Tanur, J. M., eds. (1978) The International Encyclopedia of Statistics (2 volumes). New York: Macmillan and the Free Press.
Lambert, W.E. (1980) Two faces of bilingualism. In Focus, No. 3. Rosslyn, Va.: National Clearinghouse for Bilingual Education.
Lambert, W. E. (1992) Pros, cons, and limits to quantitative approaches in foreign language research. In B. F. Freed, ed., Foreign Language Acquisition Research and the Classroom, chapter 19, pp. 321–337. Lexington, Mass.: D. C. Health and Co.
Little, R. J. A., and Rubin, D. B. (1987) Statistical Analysis with Missing Data. New York: John Wiley.
Madow, W. G., Nisselson, J., and Olkin, I., eds. (1983) Incomplete Data in Sample Surveys, Volume 1: Report and Case Studies. Panel on Incomplete Data, Committee on National Statistics, Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, National Research Council. New York: Academic Press.
Marini, M. M., and Singer, B. (1988) Causality in the social sciences. In C. C. Clogg, ed. Sociological Methodology 1988, chapter 11, pp. 347–409. Washington, D.C.: American Sociological Association.
Marquis, W. G., Newhouse, J. P., Duan, N., Keeler, E. B., Leibowitz, A., and Marqui, M. S. (1987) Health insurance and the demand for medical care: Evidence from a randomized experiment. American Economic Review, 77, 252–277.
Mason, W. M., Wong, G. Y., and Entwisle, B. (1984) Contextual analysis through the multilevel linear model. In S. Leinhardt, ed., Sociological Methodology 1984, pp. 72–103. Washington, D.C.: American Sociological Association.
Miller, R. G. (1981) Simultaneous Statistical Inference (second ed.). New York: Springer Verlag.
Mosteller, F., Fienberg, S.E., and Rourke, R. E. K. (1983) Beginning Statistics with Data Analysis. Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley.
Mosteller, F., and Tukey, J. W. (1982) Combination of results of stated precision: I. the optimistic case. Utilitas Mathematica, 21, 155–178.
Mosteller, F., and Tukey, J. W. (1984) combination of results of stated precision: II. a more realistic case. In P. S. R. S. Rao and J. Sedransk, eds., W. G. Cochran's Impact on Statistics, pp. 223–252. New York: John Wiley.
National Clearinghouse for Bilingual Education Forum (1982) Update: Part C bilingual education research. National Clearinghouse for Bilingual Education, Rosslyn, Va.
National Research Council (1981) New Directions in the Rehabilitation of Criminal Offenders. Panel on Research on Rehabilitative Techniques, Committee on Research on Law Enforcement and the Administration of Justice, Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, National Research Council. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press.
Neyman, J. (1923) On the application of probability theory to agricultural experiments. Roczniki Nauk Rolniczvch, X, 1–51. English translation: Statistical Science, 1990, 5, 465–480.
Ramirez, D.J., Yuen, S.D., Ramey, D.R., and Pasta, D.J. (1991a) Final report: Longitudinal study of structured-english immersion strategy, early-exit and late-exit transitional bilingual education programs for language-minority children, Volume I. Technical report, Aquirre International, San Mateo, Calif.
Ramirez, D.J., Pasta, D.J., Yuen, S.D., Billings, D.K., and Ramey, D.R. (1991b) Final report: Longitudinal study of structured-english immersion strategy, early-exit and late-exit transitional bilingual education programs for language-minority children, Volume II. Technical report, Aquirre International, San Mateo, Calif.
Rosenbaum, P., and Kreiger, A. (1990) Sensitivity of two-sample permutation inferences in observational studies. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 85, 493–498.
Rosenbaum, P.R. (1984) The consequences of adjustment for a concomitant variable that has been affected by the treatment. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A, 147, 656–666.
Rosenbaum, P.R. (1986) Dropping out of high school in the United States: An observational study. Journal of Educational Statistics, 11, 207–224.
Rosenbaum, P.R. (1987) The role of a second control group in an observational study (with discussion). Statistical Science, 2, 292–316.
Rosenbaum, P.R. (1991) Discussing hidden bias in observational studies. Annals of Internal Medicine, 115(11), 901–905.
Rosenbaum, P.R., and Rubin, D. B. (1983) Assessing sensitivity to an unobserved binary covariate in an observational study with binary outcome. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series B, 45, 212–218.
Rubin, D.B. (1974) Estimating the causal effects of treatments in randomized and nonrandomized studies. Journal of Educational Psychology, 66, 688–701.
Rubin, D. B. (1978) Bayesian inference for causal effects: The role of randomization. Annals of Statistics, 6, 34–58.
Rubin, D. B. (1984) William G. Cochran's contributions to the design, analysis, and evaluation of observational studies. In P. S. R. S. Rao and J. Sedransk, eds., W. G. Cochran's Impact on Statistics, pp. 37–69. New York: Wiley.
Samaniego, F. J., and Eubank, L.A. (1991) A statistical analysis of California's case study project in bilingual education. Technical Report 208, Division of Statistics, University of California, Davis.
Skinner, C. J., Holt, D., and Smith, T. M. F. (1989) Analysis of Complex surveys. New York: John Wiley.
Spencer, B. D., and Foran, W. (1991) Sampling probabilities for aggregations, with applications to NELS: 88 and other educational longitudinal surveys. Journal of Educational Statistics, 16(1), 21–34.
Swain, M. (1992) French immersion and its offshoots: Getting two for one. In B. F. Freed, ed., Foreign Language Acquisition Research and the Classroom, chapter 19, pp. 321–337. Lexington, Mass.: D. C. Heath and Co.
Tharp, R., and Gallimore, R. (1979) The ecology of program research and evaluation: A model of succession evaluation. In L. Sechrest, M. Philips, R. Redner, and S. West, eds., Evaluation Studies Review Annual: 4. Beverly Hills, Calif.: Sage Publications.
U.S. Department of Education (1991) The Condition of Bilingual Education in the Nation: A Report to the Congress and the President. Office of the Secretary. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Education.
U.S. General Accounting Office (1987) Bilingual education: A new look at the research evidence. Briefing Report to the Chairman, Committee on Education, Labor, House of Representatives, GAO/PEMD-87-12BR.
Wachter, K. W., and Straf, M. L., eds. (1990) The Future of Meta-Analysis. Committee on National Statistics, Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, National Research Council. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
Welch, B. L. (1937) On the z-test in randomized blocks and latin squares. Biometrika, 29, 21–52.
Wilk, M. B. (1955) The randomization analysis of a generalized randomized block design. Biometrika, 42, 70–79.
Willing, A. (1987) Meta-analysis of selected studies in the effectiveness of bilingual education. Review of Educational Research, 57(3), 351–362.
Yates, F. (1981) Sampling Methods for Censuses and Surveys (fourth ed.). New York: Macmillan.
Yates, F., and Cochran, W. G. (1938) The analysis of groups of experiments. The Journal of Agricultural Science, XXVIII(IV), 556–580.
Yin, R. K. (1989) Case-Study Research. Design and Methods (revised ed.). Newbury Park, Calif.: Sage Publications.