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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine and National Academy of Sciences. 1992. Nutrition Services in Perinatal Care: Second Edition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2022.
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Nutrition Services in Perinatal Care

SECOND EDITION

Committee on Nutritional Status During Pregnancy and Lactation

Food and Nutrition Board

Institute of Medicine

National Academy of Sciences

National Academy Press
Washington, D.C.
1992

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine and National Academy of Sciences. 1992. Nutrition Services in Perinatal Care: Second Edition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2022.
×

NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS
2101 Constitution Avenue, N.W. Washington, DC 20418

NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance.

This report has been reviewed by a group other than the authors according to procedures approved by a Report Review Committee consisting of members of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine.

The Institute of Medicine was chartered in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to enlist distinguished members of the appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. In this, the Institute acts under both the Academy’s 1863 congressional charter responsibility to be an adviser to the federal government and its own initiative in identifying issues of medical care, research, and education.

This study was supported by project no. MCJ 117018 from the Maternal and Child Health Program (Title V, Social Security Act), Health Resources and Services Administration, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.

Library of Congress Catalog Card No. 92-60920

International Standard Book Number 0-309-04694-7

Additional copies of this report are available for sale from:
National Academy Press
2101 Constitution Avenue, NW Washington, DC 20418

S553

Copyright 1992 by the National Academy of Sciences

Printed in the United States of America

The serpent has been a symbol of long life, healing, and knowledge among almost all cultures and religions since the beginning of recorded history. The image adopted as a logotype by the Institute of Medicine is based on a relief carving from ancient Greece, now held by the Staatlichemuseen in Berlin.

First Printing,

July 1992

Second Printing,

January 1993
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine and National Academy of Sciences. 1992. Nutrition Services in Perinatal Care: Second Edition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2022.
×

COMMITTEE ON NUTRITIONAL STATUS DURING PREGNANCY AND LACTATION

ROY M. PITKIN (Chair),*

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California

BARBARA ABRAMS,

Program in Public Health Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California

LINDSAY H. ALLEN,

Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut

MARGIT HAMOSH,

Division of Developmental Biology and Nutrition, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D.C.

JANET C. KING,

Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, California

CHARLES MAHAN,

Department of Health and Rehabilitative Services, State Health Office, Tallahassee, Florida

JAMES MARTIN,

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi

CHRISTINE OLSON,

Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York

LINDA A. RANDOLPH,

Department of Community Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, on assignment to Carnegie Corporation of New York, New York, New York

KATHLEEN M. RASMUSSEN,

Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York

JOHN W. SPARKS,

Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas, Houston, Texas

Staff

CAROL WEST SUITOR, Study Director

YVONNE L. BRONNER, Research Associate (until July 1991)

SHEILA MYLET, Research Associate

GERALDINE KENNEDO, Administrative Assistant

*  

Member, Institute of Medicine

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine and National Academy of Sciences. 1992. Nutrition Services in Perinatal Care: Second Edition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2022.
×

FOOD AND NUTRITION BOARD

M.R.C. GREENWOOD (Chair),

University of California, Davis, California

DONALD B. McCORMICK (Vice Chair),

Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia

PERRY L. ADKISSON,

Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas

LINDSAY H. ALLEN,

Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut

DENNIS M. BIER,

Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri

EDWIN L BIERMAN,

University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington

MICHAEL P. DOYLE,

Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Georgia, Griffin, Georgia

JOHANNA T. DWYER,

Frances Stern Nutrition Center, New England Medical Center Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts

JOHN W. ERDMAN, Jr.,

University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois

NANCY FOGG-JOHNSON,

Consumer Healthcare Division, Miles Incorporated, Elkhart, Indiana

CUTBERTO GARZA,

Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York

K. MICHAEL HAMBIDGE,

Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Medical Center, Denver, Colorado

JANET C. KING,

Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, California

JOHN E. KINSELLA,

University of California, Davis, California

LAURENCE N. KOLONEL,

Cancer Center of Hawaii, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii

SANFORD MILLER,

Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas, San Antonio, Texas

MALDEN C. NESHEIM,

Office of the Provost, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York

ROY M. PITKIN (Ex Officio),

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Los Angeles, California

STEVE L. TAYLOR (Ex Officio),

Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine and National Academy of Sciences. 1992. Nutrition Services in Perinatal Care: Second Edition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2022.
×

Staff

CATHERINE E. WOTEKI, Director

MARCIA LEWIS, Administrative Assistant

SUSAN WYATT, Financial Associate

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine and National Academy of Sciences. 1992. Nutrition Services in Perinatal Care: Second Edition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2022.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine and National Academy of Sciences. 1992. Nutrition Services in Perinatal Care: Second Edition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2022.
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Acknowledgments

The committee wishes to express its appreciation to the many people who made important contributions to this report by providing source materials or special written reports, sharing their views during workshops, commenting on drafts, or otherwise serving as resource persons. In particular, the committee wishes to thank David H. Adamkin, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Ky.; Diane M. Anderson, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, S.C.; Cheryl Bowen, Maryland Institute for Emergency Medical Services Systems, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Md.; Mary Sue Brady, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Ind.; Helen Varney Burst, Nurse Midwifery Program, Yale University, New Haven, Conn.; Jennifer Burton, Nurses Association of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, Washington, D.C.; Ronald Chez, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Fla.; Julie A. Clapp, Delaware Health and Social Services, Dover, Del.; Harriet H. Cloud, Nutrition Division, Sparks Center for Developmental and Learning Disorders, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Ala.; Garris Keels Conner, National Association of Neonatal Nurses, Birmingham, Ala.; Susan Conner, County of Riverside Department of Health, Riverside, Calif.; Carlyle Crenshaw, Jr., Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Maryland Hospital, Baltimore, Md.; Katherine Davis, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Miss.; Diane Dimperio, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Fla.; Judith A. Ernst, Department of

Page viii Cite
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine and National Academy of Sciences. 1992. Nutrition Services in Perinatal Care: Second Edition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2022.
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Nutrition and Dietetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Ind.; S. Ann Evans, American Association of Critical-Care Nurses, Aliso Viejo, Calif.; Walter Faubion, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Mich.; Ann M. Ferris, Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Conn.; Kyle Grazier, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Calif.; Robert Graham, American Academy of Family Physicians, Kansas City, Mo.; Erica Gunderson, Children's Hospital of San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif.; Ronald Gutberlet, Department of Pediatrics, Mercy Medical Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Md.; Gordon L. Klein, University of Texas Medical Branch, Child Health Center, Galveston, Tex.; Ronald E. Kleinman, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass.; Becky Klingbail, University of Louisville, Louisville, Ky.; Winston Koo, University of Tennessee, Memphis, Tenn.; Ann Koontz, Maternal and Child Health Bureau, Hyattsville, Md.; Michele Lawler, Food and Nutrition Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA); James A. Lemons, Riley Newborn Follow-up Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Ind.; Brenda Lisi, Food and Nutrition Service, USDA, Alexandria, Va.; Gerald B. Merenstein, University of Colorado, Denver, Colo.; Renee McCleery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Tex.; Laurie J. Moyer-Mileur, Nutrition Research, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; Sue Murvich, Lutheran Hospital, La Crosse, Wis.; Betty Jo Nelsen, Food and Nutrition Service, USDA, Alexandria, Va.; Stephanie Phelps, University of Tennessee, Memphis, Tenn.; Karyl Rickard, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Ind.; Sandra Robbins, George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, D.C.; Helen Schauffler, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Calif.; Shirley Shelton, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, Washington, D.C.; Melody Thompson, Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio; Jacqueline Jones Wessel, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Catherine W. Wiggins, National Association of Neonatal Nurses, Washington, D.C.; and Debra Wilson, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Mich.

In particular, the committee wishes to acknowledge the essential role of the project director, Carol Suitor, in the development of this report. Without her assistance throughout the span from conception to printing, it could not have been done. Thanks also to many other staff members of the Food and Nutrition Board, the Institute of Medicine, and the Academy Complex, especially Catherine E. Woteki, Geraldine Kennedo, Yvonne Bronner, Sheila Mylet, Susan Wyatt, Sally Stanfield, and Leah Mazade.

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine and National Academy of Sciences. 1992. Nutrition Services in Perinatal Care: Second Edition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2022.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine and National Academy of Sciences. 1992. Nutrition Services in Perinatal Care: Second Edition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2022.
×
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine and National Academy of Sciences. 1992. Nutrition Services in Perinatal Care: Second Edition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2022.
×
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine and National Academy of Sciences. 1992. Nutrition Services in Perinatal Care: Second Edition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2022.
×
This page in the original is blank.
Page xiii Cite
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine and National Academy of Sciences. 1992. Nutrition Services in Perinatal Care: Second Edition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2022.
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List of Tables and Charts

Tables

2-1

 

Recommended Dietary Allowances for Nonpregnant Pregnant, and Lactating Women

 

22

2-2

 

Recommended Total Weight Gain Ranges for Pregnant Women

 

23

Charts

1-1

 

Characteristics of Basic and Special Nutrition Services

 

9

3-1

 

Basic Nutritional Care Activities for Expectant and New Mothers

 

44

3-2

 

Eligibility for Federal Food and Nutrition Programs and Program Benefits

 

46

3-3

 

Special Nutritional Care Activities for Expectant and New Mothers with Complex Needs

 

52

5-1

 

Examples of Conditions That Require Special Nutrition Management of the Neonate

 

68

5-2

 

Nutrition-Related Variables That May Need to Be Monitored for Newborns Who Require Special Care

 

77

5-3

 

Examples of Nutrition-Related Problems of Preterm, Infants That Can Be Detected by Laboratory Tests

 

81

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." Institute of Medicine and National Academy of Sciences. 1992. Nutrition Services in Perinatal Care: Second Edition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2022.
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This book focuses on nutrition services beginning in the preconceptional period and extending well beyond birth. It provides the rationale for the recommended nutritional services; briefly describes the necessary elements of these services; and indicates the personnel, knowledge, skills, and specialized education or training that may be needed to deliver them.

It will be useful to policymakers, hospital administrators, directors of health centers, physicians in private or group practices, and others responsible for setting such standards and for overseeing health care services for expectant and new mothers and their infants.

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