Biological sciences, 92, 94-106

employment, 130, 133-134

Bio-optics, 105

Bromley, D Allan, 7

Bubbles, 64

Budgets, see Funding of research

Bush, Vannevar, 18, 19

C

Calibration measurements, 61, 62-63

California Current ecosystem, 101

Capacity of research, 7, 20, 50

Carbon dioxide and carbon cycles, 42-43, 56, 57-58, 90-91

biogeochemical processes, 66, 95-96, 97-100, 118-119

Carbon Dioxide Program, DOE, 42, 44

Carbonate sediments, 120

Cartography, see Maps and mapping

Chemistry, see Biogeochemical processes;

Carbon dioxide and carbon cycles;

Geochemistry

Chemosynthesis, 97, 99-100

Chief of Naval Operations, 33

Circulation processes, 6, 48, 50-51, 62, 63

see also Atmosphere-ocean interface;

Currents;

Fluxes

Climate and Global Change Program, NOAA, 35

Climatology, 6, 41-42, 48, 53-54

modeling, 43, 55-56, 89-90

sediment records, 79, 89-91

see also Atmosphere-ocean interface;

Global climate change

Coastal areas and processes, 15, 16-17, 43, 52, 69, 101, 107-120, 147, 149

see also Continental shelf and margins

Coastal Ocean Margins Program, DOE, 42, 44

Coastal Ocean Program, NOAA, 35

Cold War, 19

Committee on Earth and Environmental Sciences, FCCSET, 10, 27

Computer Hardware, Advanced Modeling and Model Physics program, DOE, 43

Computer simulation, 43, 50, 56, 154

Continental shelf and margins, 38-39, 42-43, 78-79, 87-89, 99, 108-109, 110, 111, 114, 117-118

Continuous Plankton Recorder Surveys, 106

Convection, see Mantle convection and composition;

Thermohaline circulation

Coordination of research, 9-13, 25-31

international, 7-8, 19, 21-22, 25-26, 153

see also specific federal agencies

Cosmic rays and dust, 66, 67, 74

Costs and cost factors, 7, 20, 50, 170

Council on Ocean Affairs, 142

Cross-shelf exchange, 107, 117-118

Crustal plates and movement, 5, 47, 68-69, 72, 77-81, 92-93

and continental margins, 78-79, 87-89, 108-109

off-ridge processes, 85-87

ridge processes, 78, 81-84

and sediments, 67, 77-78, 79, 89-92

Currents, 111, 152

boundary, 60, 101, 110

Cyanobacteria, 97-98

D

Data management and exchange, 12, 30, 33, 36-37, 40, 43, 44-45

Front Matter (R1-R14)

Summary (1-13)

1 Introduction (14-23)

2 Toward New Partnerships in Ocean Sciences (24-46)

3 Future Directions in Ocean Sciences (47-120)

4 Human, Physical, and Fiscal Resources (121-170)

References (171-176)

I. How the Study Was Conducted (177-180)

II. Abbreviations and Acronyms (181-183)

III. Recent Workshop and Other Reports Relevant to Discussion in 'Directions in Biological Oceanography' (184-185)

IV. Oceanography Manpower Assessment Questionaire: Academic Form (186-188)

V. Oceanography Manpower Assessment Questionaire: Federal Laboratory Form (189-190)

VI. Institutional Respondents to Manpower Survey (191-192)

VII. Federal Respondents to Manpower Survey (193-194)

Index (195-202)

Supplementary Photo Plates (203-206)