brids" of writing and machines (such as computer programs and semiconductor chips), as well as economically valuable incremental innovations, pose a more fundamental challenge to the adequacy of the existing IPR paradigms. There are sharp differences on the advisability of modifying existing IPR laws versus creating sui generis IPR laws to accommodate new technologies.

As shown in this section, both approaches have their advantages and disadvantages. Unfortunately, there is a lack of policy analysis that would allow the effectiveness of the approaches developed so far to be evaluated more systematically. Will the intellectual property system adapt to new technology in the future? Can IPR reform processes be designed to achieve international consensus on IPRs and encourage the development and commercialization of new technologies? These and other fundamental questions remain in need of further thoughtful study.