. "6. Energetics and Climate with Emphasis on Heat: A Historical Perspective." Nutritional Needs in Hot Environments: Applications for Military Personnel in Field Operations. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 1993.
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Nutritional Needs in Hot Environments: Applications for Military Personnel in Field Operations
TABLE 6-13 Rate of Onset of Deficiency Syndromes in Working Men Exposed to Complete Deficiency of One or More of the Important Nutrients
Nutrient
Times Before Earliest Effects on Performance Appear in Complete Deficiency
Deficiency Syndrome and End Result
Water
A few hours
Easy fatigue, poor performance, eventual exhaustion of dehydration
SOURCES: Adapted from Johnson (1943) and Young (1977).
promised. Unpublished investigations from the University of Minnesota in the 1950s revealed that a loss of 125 g nitrogen was associated with measurable physiological deterioration, including a significant reduction in walking endurance and aerobic power. A review of the effects of prolonged semi-starvation has been set forth in a classic study by Keys et al. (1950). A further discussion of negative nitrogen balance based on the experience of those working at the University of Minnesota was prepared by Taylor and Keys (1958).
Undernutrition is always a problem in military operations for various reasons, among them psychological stress, supply problems, food prepara
TABLE 6-14 Cumulative Nitrogen Excretion (Urine and Sweat) During 16 Days on a 1000-kcal Carbohydrate Diet
