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Nutritional Needs in Hot Environments: Applications for Military Personnel in Field Operations (1993)
Institute of Medicine (IOM)

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. "11. Situational Influences on Food Intake." Nutritional Needs in Hot Environments: Applications for Military Personnel in Field Operations. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 1993.

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Nutritional Needs in Hot Environments: Applications for Military Personnel in Field Operations

TABLE 11-1 Menus in the Meal, Ready-To-Eat (MRE) IV Ration

Menu No.

Entree

Other Components

1

Pork sausage patty, freeze-dehydrated; catsup, dehydrated; applesauce; crackers

Cheese spread; cookies, chocolate-covered; cocoa beverage powder

2

Ham/chicken loaf; strawberries, freezedehydrated; crackers

Peanut butter; pineapple nut cake

3

Beef patty, freeze-dehydrated; soup and gravy base; beans with tomato sauce; crackers

Cheese spread; brownies, chocolate-covered; candy

4

Beef slices with barbecue sauce; crackers; peanut butter; cookie, chocolate-covered

Peaches, freeze-dehydrated; candy

5

Beef stew; crackers; peanut butter; fruit, mixed, freeze-dehydrated

Cherry nut cake; cocoa beverage powder

6

Frankfurters; catsup, dehydrated; beans with tomato sauce; crackers

Jelly; candy; cocoa beverage powder

7

Turkey, diced with gravy; potato patty, freeze-dehydrated; beans with tomato sauce; crackers

Maple nut cake; candy

8

Beef, diced with gravy; beans with tomato sauce; crackers

Cheese spread; brownie, chocolate-covered

9

Cooked beef or chicken à la king; catsup, dehydrated; crackers; cheese spread

Fruitcake; cocoa beverage powder

10

Meatballs with barbecue sauce; potato patty, freeze-dehydrated; crackers

Jelly; chocolate nut cake; cocoa beverage powder

11

Ham slices; crackers; cheese spread; peaches, freeze-dehydrated

Orange nut roll; cocoa beverage powder

12

Chicken loaf or ground beef with spiced sauce; crackers; peanut butter; strawberries, freeze-dehydrated

Cookies, chocolate-covered; candy

NOTE: All menus include instant coffee; dry, nondairy cream substitute; granulated sugar; salt; and candy-coated chewing gum. Nonfood components are spoon, matches, and toilet paper.

test, the average acceptability rating of all items in the ration was 7.05, which corresponds to the description like moderately on the acceptability scale, and there was no indication that food acceptability decreased over time despite an almost 30 percent reduction in food intake from the first week of the test to the last (Fox et al., 1989; Hirsch et al., 1985). These observations clearly suggest that the nature of the food is not the sole or perhaps not even a critical factor in limiting consumption of the MRE in field tests.

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Front Matter (R1-R14)
Part I: Committee Summary and Recommendations (1-2)
1. Introduction and Backgrounds (3-44)
2. Conclusions and Recommendations (45-52)
Part II: Invited Presentations (53-54)
3. Physiological Responses to Excercise in Heat (55-74)
4. Effects of Excercise and Heat on Gastrointestinal Function (75-86)
5. Water Requirements During Excercise in the Heat (87-96)
6. Energetics and Climate with Emphasis on Heat: A Historical Perspective (97-116)
7. The Effect of Excercise and Heat on Mineral Metabolism and Requirements (117-136)
8. The Effect of Excercise and Heat on Vitamin Requirements (137-172)
9. Heat as a Factor in the Perception of Taste, Smell, and Oral Sensation (173-186)
10. Effects of Heat on Appetite (187-214)
11. Situational Influences on Food Intake (215-244)
Part III: U.S. Army Presentations: A Reevaluation of Sodium Requirements for Work in the Heat (245-246)
12. Responses of Soldiers to 4-gram and 8-gram NaCl Diets During 10 Days of Heat Acclimation (247-258)
13. Endocrinological Responses to Dietary Salt Restriction During Heat Acclimation (259-276)
14. Subjective Reports of Heat Illness (277-294)
Part IV: Committee Discussion Paper (295-296)
15. Food Intake, Appetite, and Work in Hot Environments (297-304)
Appendixes (305-306)
Appendix A: Military Recommended Dietary Allowances, AR 25-40; 1985 (307-328)
Appendix B: Nutritional Needs in Hot Environments -- A Selected Bibliography (329-352)
Appendix C: Biographical Sketches (353-362)
Index (363-378)