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Nutritional Needs in Hot Environments: Applications for Military Personnel in Field Operations (1993)
Institute of Medicine (IOM)

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. "11. Situational Influences on Food Intake." Nutritional Needs in Hot Environments: Applications for Military Personnel in Field Operations. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 1993.

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Nutritional Needs in Hot Environments: Applications for Military Personnel in Field Operations

TABLE 11-2 Caloric Intake and Body Weight Loss in Troops Fed Only MRE (Meal, Ready-to-Eat) Meals

Ration

Environment

Eating Conditions

Caloric Intake (Kcal)

Body Weight Loss (%)

Reference

MRE IV

Temperate, 6000 feet, Hawaii

Three MREs per day for 34 days. Issued three per day, no special provisions for heating, training exercise.

2189

5.8

Hirsch et al., 1985

MRE IV

Temperate, 7200 feet, Hawaii

Three MREs per day for 12 days, ran strenuous cross-country course for 2 hours per day for 7 days.

2282

3.0

Askew et al., 1986

MRE IV

MRE VII

Improved MRE

Temperate, 6000 feet, 35° to 80°F, Hawaii

Three MREs per day for 11 days, no provisions for heating food.

2517

2517

2842

2.98

3.20

2.28

Popper et al., 1987

MRE VI

Temperate, cool, 40° to 51°F, Vermont

Thirty days, Special Forces, surveillance, reconnaissance, no foraging permitted.

2782; no trends over time

2.2

Askew et al., 1987

MRE V

Cold, 4° to 35°F, White Mt. National Forest

Four MREs per day for 10 days, outside all the time.

2733

4

Engell et al., 1987

Improved MRE VIII

Cold, Mountain Warfare Training Center

Four MREs per day; days 1-5 in field, 6-7 in garrison, 8-11 in field; leadership course; high activity.

3217

3.3

Morgan et al., 1988

MRE VIII

Cold, 14° to 43°F, Wisconsin

Four MREs per day for 3 days, three different heating methods,* ate outside.

2250 (canteen cup stand)

2289 (ration heater pad)

2206 (control)

1.7

2.1

2.5

Lester et al., 1990

Page
218
Front Matter (R1-R14)
Part I: Committee Summary and Recommendations (1-2)
1. Introduction and Backgrounds (3-44)
2. Conclusions and Recommendations (45-52)
Part II: Invited Presentations (53-54)
3. Physiological Responses to Excercise in Heat (55-74)
4. Effects of Excercise and Heat on Gastrointestinal Function (75-86)
5. Water Requirements During Excercise in the Heat (87-96)
6. Energetics and Climate with Emphasis on Heat: A Historical Perspective (97-116)
7. The Effect of Excercise and Heat on Mineral Metabolism and Requirements (117-136)
8. The Effect of Excercise and Heat on Vitamin Requirements (137-172)
9. Heat as a Factor in the Perception of Taste, Smell, and Oral Sensation (173-186)
10. Effects of Heat on Appetite (187-214)
11. Situational Influences on Food Intake (215-244)
Part III: U.S. Army Presentations: A Reevaluation of Sodium Requirements for Work in the Heat (245-246)
12. Responses of Soldiers to 4-gram and 8-gram NaCl Diets During 10 Days of Heat Acclimation (247-258)
13. Endocrinological Responses to Dietary Salt Restriction During Heat Acclimation (259-276)
14. Subjective Reports of Heat Illness (277-294)
Part IV: Committee Discussion Paper (295-296)
15. Food Intake, Appetite, and Work in Hot Environments (297-304)
Appendixes (305-306)
Appendix A: Military Recommended Dietary Allowances, AR 25-40; 1985 (307-328)
Appendix B: Nutritional Needs in Hot Environments -- A Selected Bibliography (329-352)
Appendix C: Biographical Sketches (353-362)
Index (363-378)