Nutritional Needs in Hot Environments: Applications for Military Personnel in Field Operations

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Table of Contents
Front Matter R1-R14
Part I: Committee Summary and Recommendations 1-2
1. Introduction and Backgrounds 3-44
2. Conclusions and Recommendations 45-52
Part II: Invited Presentations 53-54
3. Physiological Responses to Excercise in Heat 55-74
4. Effects of Excercise and Heat on Gastrointestinal Function 75-86
5. Water Requirements During Excercise in the Heat 87-96
6. Energetics and Climate with Emphasis on Heat: A Historical Perspective 97-116
7. The Effect of Excercise and Heat on Mineral Metabolism and Requirements 117-136
8. The Effect of Excercise and Heat on Vitamin Requirements 137-172
9. Heat as a Factor in the Perception of Taste, Smell, and Oral Sensation 173-186
10. Effects of Heat on Appetite 187-214
11. Situational Influences on Food Intake 215-244
Part III: U.S. Army Presentations: A Reevaluation of Sodium Requirements for Work in the Heat 245-246
12. Responses of Soldiers to 4-gram and 8-gram NaCl Diets During 10 Days of Heat Acclimation 247-258
13. Endocrinological Responses to Dietary Salt Restriction During Heat Acclimation 259-276
14. Subjective Reports of Heat Illness 277-294
Part IV: Committee Discussion Paper 295-296
15. Food Intake, Appetite, and Work in Hot Environments 297-304
Appendixes 305-306
Appendix A: Military Recommended Dietary Allowances, AR 25-40; 1985 307-328
Appendix B: Nutritional Needs in Hot Environments -- A Selected Bibliography 329-352
Appendix C: Biographical Sketches 353-362
Index 363-378

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TABLE 14-4 Number of Times Each Heat Illness Symptom Was Reported During Heat Acclimation, 4-g Salt Diet (n = 8)

		Heat Acclimation Day
ESQ*	Symptom	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	Total
33	Sweaty	8	8	7	6	6	5	6	6	6	5	63
30	Warm	7	8	6	5	6	5	4	6	5	5	57
19	Weakness	5	5	5	4	5	2	3	3	1	2	35
62	Irritability	1	4	4	3	4	3	2	1	2	3	27
11	Heart beating fast	5	4	3	2	1	2	2	2	1	2	24
63	Restlessness	0	3	2	2	2	2	3	2	3	2	21
36	Chilly	1	3	1	1	1	1	1	1	0	1	11
4	Dizzy	4	4	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	8
7	Disturbed coordination	4	1	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	6
17	Stomach cramps	2	1	1	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	5
24	Nausea	0	1	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	2
37	Shivering	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total		37	42	29	23	27	20	22	21	18	20	259
* ESQ = Environmental Symptoms Questionnaire.

TABLE 14-5 Number of Times Each Heat Illness Symptom Was Reported During Heat Acclimation, 8-g Salt Diet (n = 9)

		Heat Acclimation Day
ESQ*	Symptom	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	Total
33	Sweaty	7	7	8	7	7	7	7	7	7	7	71
30	Warm	8	7	7	6	6	6	6	6	6	6	64
19	Weakness	5	2	1	3	3	2	2	1	1	2	22
62	Irritability	1	1	1	4	3	1	2	4	2	2	21
7	Disturbed coordination	5	1	1	2	3	2	1	1	1	0	17
11	Heart beating fast	3	2	2	1	1	1	1	0	1	1	13
63	Restlessness	1	1	2	1	1	1	1	2	2	1	13
4	Dizzy	5	2	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	8
36	Chilly	0	0	1	1	2	0	0	0	0	0	4
17	Stomach cramps	0	1	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	2
37	Shivering	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	2
24	Nausea	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	1
Total		35	24	24	26	28	21	20	21	20	19	238
* ESQ = Environmental Symptoms Questionnaire.

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