Nutritional Needs in Hot Environments: Applications for Military Personnel in Field Operations

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Table of Contents
Front Matter R1-R14
Part I: Committee Summary and Recommendations 1-2
1. Introduction and Backgrounds 3-44
2. Conclusions and Recommendations 45-52
Part II: Invited Presentations 53-54
3. Physiological Responses to Excercise in Heat 55-74
4. Effects of Excercise and Heat on Gastrointestinal Function 75-86
5. Water Requirements During Excercise in the Heat 87-96
6. Energetics and Climate with Emphasis on Heat: A Historical Perspective 97-116
7. The Effect of Excercise and Heat on Mineral Metabolism and Requirements 117-136
8. The Effect of Excercise and Heat on Vitamin Requirements 137-172
9. Heat as a Factor in the Perception of Taste, Smell, and Oral Sensation 173-186
10. Effects of Heat on Appetite 187-214
11. Situational Influences on Food Intake 215-244
Part III: U.S. Army Presentations: A Reevaluation of Sodium Requirements for Work in the Heat 245-246
12. Responses of Soldiers to 4-gram and 8-gram NaCl Diets During 10 Days of Heat Acclimation 247-258
13. Endocrinological Responses to Dietary Salt Restriction During Heat Acclimation 259-276
14. Subjective Reports of Heat Illness 277-294
Part IV: Committee Discussion Paper 295-296
15. Food Intake, Appetite, and Work in Hot Environments 297-304
Appendixes 305-306
Appendix A: Military Recommended Dietary Allowances, AR 25-40; 1985 307-328
Appendix B: Nutritional Needs in Hot Environments -- A Selected Bibliography 329-352
Appendix C: Biographical Sketches 353-362
Index 363-378

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TABLE 2-3 Nutritional standards for operational and restricted rations

Nutrient	Unit¹	Operational rations	Restricted rations²^,⁴
Energy	Kcal	3600	1100–1500
Protein	gm	100	50–70
Carbohydrate	gm	440	100–200
Fat	gm	160 (maximum)	50–70
Vitamin A	mcg RE	1000	500
Vitamin D	mcg	10	5
Vitamin E	mg TE	10	5
Ascorbic Acid	mg	60	30
Thiamin	mg	1.8	1.0
Riboflavin	mg	2.2	1.2
Niacin	mg NE	24	13
Vitamin B₆	mg	2.2	1.2
Folacin	mcg	400	200
Vitamin B₁₂	mcg	3	1.5
Calcium	mg	800	400
Phosphorus	mg	800	400
Magnesium	mg	800	400
Iron	mg	18	9
Zinc	mg	15	7.5
Sodium	mg	5000–7000⁵	2500–3500⁵
Potassium	mg	1875–5625	950–2800
¹ See notes in table 2-1 for explanation of units. ² Values are minimum standards at the time of consumption unless shown as a range or a maximum level. ³ The operational ration includes the MCI, MRE, A, B, and T rations. ⁴ Restricted rations are for use under certain operational scenarios such as long-range patrol, assault, and reconnaissance when troops are required to subsist for short periods (up to 10 days) on an energy restricted ration. ⁵ These values do not include salt packets.

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