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Nutritional Needs in Hot Environments: Applications for Military Personnel in Field Operations
clothing and, 12
environmental temperature and, 89
esophageal, 69
exercise in the heat and, 13-14 , 56-58 , 89 , 90
evaporative heat loss and, 6-7 , 65-68
fever, 203
and food intake control, 191 , 201-202 , 298
and gastrointestinal functioning, 11 , 49 , 79-80 , 192
gender differences in, 13-14 , 94
and hunger and satiety, 27-28
metabolic rate and, 56-58 , 70
NaCl intake and, 260 , 269
skin, 69 , 212 , 298
stress and, 28 , 196-197
and sweat rates, 12 , 67 , 91 , 96
see also Thermogenic effect of eating
Body water
avenues of loss and gain, 88-89
distribution, 87 , 88
sweat rate, 89
Body weight
below-normal, 28
body temperature and, 47
and caloric intake, 99 , 100 , 103
eating behavior and, 225-226 , 230
environmental temperature and, 190-191 , 195-196 , 201 , 298 , 300
hypothalamic disturbances and, 192
light exposure and loss of, 205
MRE intake and loss in, 216 , 218-219
NaCl diet and, 257
seasonal variation in, 202 , 205
set point, 192-193 , 195 , 197 , 202 , 208 , 298
Burning foot syndrome, 145
C
Caffeine, 35 , 175 , 176
Calcium, 24
exercise and absorption of, 49
metabolism, 154 , 156 , 170
MRDAs vs RDAs, 8-9
pantothenate, 148
Caloric intake
acclimatization and, 19 , 29-30 , 45 , 109
and B vitamin intake, 139-140 , 159
body weight and, 99 , 100 , 103
clothing and, 101 , 103
deficiency, 110 , 111
eating conditions and, 220-224
environmental temperature and, 19-20 , 98 , 99 , 101 , 199-205 , 300
exercise and, 19 , 49 , 101
and heat stress, 27
and metabolic rate, 99
from military rations, 215-216 , 218-219
physical fitness and, 98
and protein intake, 19
seasonal changes in, 30
social eating and, 231-232
time of day and, 235
by troop and ration types, 102
and weight loss in hot climates, 30 , 300
Capillary permeability, 77
Capsaicin, 25 , 178-179 , 184-185
Carbohydrate intakes
acclimatization and, 29
body weight and, 100
chromium regulation of metabolism of, 119
deficiency, 110 , 111 , 112
environmental temperature and, 19-20 , 98 , 100 , 101 , 206 , 300
intestinal absorption during exercise, 80-81
from MREs, 46-47
and nitrogen excretion, 111
percentage of calories provided by, 100
physical fitness and, 98
seasonal changes in preferences for, 206
thermic effects of, 198
thiamin and, 139 , 140
by troop and ration types, 102
and vitamin B6 , 145
vitamin B12 and, 146
World War I requirements, 5
Cardiac diseases, magnesium and, 125
