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Nutritional Needs in Hot Environments: Applications for Military Personnel in Field Operations (1993)
Institute of Medicine (IOM)

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. "6. Energetics and Climate with Emphasis on Heat: A Historical Perspective." Nutritional Needs in Hot Environments: Applications for Military Personnel in Field Operations. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 1993.

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Nutritional Needs in Hot Environments: Applications for Military Personnel in Field Operations

TABLE 6-1 Environmental Temperature, Physical Fitness, and Calculated Average Nutrient Intake, U.S. Troops in Pacific Compared with U.S. Troops in North America

Information

Hawaii

Guadalcanal

Guam

Iwo Jima

38th Division, Luzon

Infantry Battalion, Colorado

Training Camps, U.S.*

Mean temperature, °F

+72

+85

+81

+78

+83

+65

Various

Score in fitness test

55

57

70

76

81

71

nd

Nutrient intake, average per man per day

Kcal per day

3400

3400

3500

3500

3200

3900

3790

Carbohydrate, g

460

450

480

470

430

520

408

Fat, g

124

129

124

129

120

147

178

Protein, g total

110

110

115

115

100

125

125

Protein, g animal

68

65

68

65

58

74

nd

* nd = data not available.

SOURCE: Adapted from Johnson and Kark (1946) based on original data from Howe and Berryman (1945) on 455 messes in U.S. training camps, 1941–1943.

Page
98
Front Matter (R1-R14)
Part I: Committee Summary and Recommendations (1-2)
1. Introduction and Backgrounds (3-44)
2. Conclusions and Recommendations (45-52)
Part II: Invited Presentations (53-54)
3. Physiological Responses to Excercise in Heat (55-74)
4. Effects of Excercise and Heat on Gastrointestinal Function (75-86)
5. Water Requirements During Excercise in the Heat (87-96)
6. Energetics and Climate with Emphasis on Heat: A Historical Perspective (97-116)
7. The Effect of Excercise and Heat on Mineral Metabolism and Requirements (117-136)
8. The Effect of Excercise and Heat on Vitamin Requirements (137-172)
9. Heat as a Factor in the Perception of Taste, Smell, and Oral Sensation (173-186)
10. Effects of Heat on Appetite (187-214)
11. Situational Influences on Food Intake (215-244)
Part III: U.S. Army Presentations: A Reevaluation of Sodium Requirements for Work in the Heat (245-246)
12. Responses of Soldiers to 4-gram and 8-gram NaCl Diets During 10 Days of Heat Acclimation (247-258)
13. Endocrinological Responses to Dietary Salt Restriction During Heat Acclimation (259-276)
14. Subjective Reports of Heat Illness (277-294)
Part IV: Committee Discussion Paper (295-296)
15. Food Intake, Appetite, and Work in Hot Environments (297-304)
Appendixes (305-306)
Appendix A: Military Recommended Dietary Allowances, AR 25-40; 1985 (307-328)
Appendix B: Nutritional Needs in Hot Environments -- A Selected Bibliography (329-352)
Appendix C: Biographical Sketches (353-362)
Index (363-378)