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PAPERBACK price:$34.95 add to cart Rights & Permissions Free PDF Access Sign in to download PDF book and chapters Free Resources PDF SUMMARY Display this book on your site! Related Titles Vitamin Tolerance of Animals Nutrient Requirements of Laboratory Animals,Fourth Revised Edition, 1995 Other Related Titles Nutrient Requirements of Poultry: Ninth Revised Edition, 1994 (1994) Board on Agriculture (BOA) Citation Manager Export the bibliographic data for this book in your chosen format Web Search Builder Use this book's key terms to search within this book, across our collection, or across the Web. Skim This Chapter Skim this chapter and use this chapter's key terms to search within this book. Reference Finder Paste in your own text to find books that relate to your topic. Citation Manager . "Appendix C: Conversion Factors." Nutrient Requirements of Poultry: Ninth Revised Edition, 1994. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 1994. Please select a format: Page 114   E-mail Share on facebook Facebook Share on delicious Delicious Share on stumbleupon Stumble Share on twitter Twitter More Sharing ServicesMore The following HTML text is provided to enhance online readability. Many aspects of typography translate only awkwardly to HTML. Please use the page image as the authoritative form to ensure accuracy. Ingredient Prediction Equation Reference Products of animal origin Skim milk powder MEn = 40.94 × CP + 77.96 × EE + 19.04 × NFE Janssen, 1989 Whey, dried, low lactose MEn = 38.79 × CP + 77.96 × EE + 19.04 × NFE Janssen, 1989 Meat and bone meal MEn = 33.94 × DM = 45.77 × ash + 59.99 × EE Janssen, 1989 Fish meal (60%, 65%, 67% crude protein) MEn = 35.87 × DM - 34.08 × ash + 42.09 × EE Janssen, 1989 Herring meal, Norwegian MEn = 35.87 × DM - 34.08 × ash + 42.09 × EE Janssen, 1989 Blood meal, spray dried MEn = 34.49 × CP + 64.96 × EE Janssen, 1989 Blood meal, drum dried MEn = 31.88 × CP + 60.32 × EE Janssen, 1989 Feather meal (pepsin dig 80%) MEn = 33.2 × CP + 57.53 × EE Janssen, 1989 Poultry offal meal MEn = 31.02 × CP + 74.23 × EE Janssen, 1989 Poultry offal meal, high-fat MEn = 31.02 × CP + 78.87 × EE Janssen, 1989 Poultry by-product meal TMEn = -725 + 0.841 × GE (kcal/kg dry matter) Pesti et al., 1986 Poultry by-product meal TMEn = 4,070 - 142 × calcium Pesti et al., 1986 Poultry by-product meal TMEn = 4,330 - 61 × ash Pesti et al., 1986 Poultry by-product meal TMEn = 5,060 - 263 × ash + 491 × calcium Pesti et al., 1986 Poultry by-product meal TMEn = 479 + 89 × CP - 1,094 × phosphorus Pesti et al., 1986 Poultry by-product meal TMEn = 11,340 - 103 × CP - 327 × calcium Pesti et al., 1986 Poultry by-product meal TMEn = 934 - 69 × CP - 110 × ash Pesti et al., 1986 Poultry by-product meal TMEn = 561 - 154 × calcium - 622 × phosphorus Pesti et al., 1986 Poultry by-product meal TMEn = 556 - 63 × ash - 506 × phosphorus Pesti et al., 1986 Fat products from Dutch renderers MEn = 20,041 - 23.0 × IV - 319.1 × C16:0 - 153.4 × C18:0 Janssen et al., 1979 Fats and oils MEn = 8,227 - 10,318(-1,1685[Unsaturated:Saturated ratio]) Ketels and DeGroote, 1989 All fats and oils MEn = 28,119 - 235.8 (C18:1 + C18:2) - 6.4 (C16:0) - 310.9 (C18:0) + 0.726 (IV × FR1) - 0.0000379 (IV[FR1 + FFA])2 Huyghebaert et al., 1988 Vegetable oils (free fatty acid <50%) MEn = -10,147.94 + 188.28 IV + 155.09 FR1 - 1.6709 (IV × FR1) Huyghebaert et al., 1988 Vegetable oils (free fatty acid >50%) MEn = 1,804 + 29.7084 IV + 29.302 FR1 Huyghebaert et al., 1988 Animal fats (free fatty acid <40%) MEn = 126,694 + 1645 IV + 838.4 C16:0 - 215.3 C18:0 + 746.61 FR1 + 356.12 (FR1 + FFA) - 14.83 (IV × FR1) Huyghebaert et al., 1988 Animal fats (free fatty acid >40%) MEn = -9,865 + 194.1 IV + 300.1 C18:0 Huyghebaert et al., 1988 NOTE: Abbreviations used above are as follows: GE = gross energy; ME = metabolizable energy; MEn = nitrogen-corrected metabolizable energy; TMEn = nitrogen-corrected true metabolizable energy; CP = % crude protein; EE = % ether extract; CF = % crude fiber; NFE = % nitrogen-free extract; ADF = % acid detergent fiber; APF = % Acid-pepsin fiber; STA = % starch; SUG = % sugar; IV = iodine value; C16:0 = % palmitic acid; C18:0 = % stearic acid; C18:1 = % oleic acid; C18:2 = % linoleic acid; FFA = % free fatty acid, calculated as oleic acid equivalents; FR1 = first fraction from a column chromatography separation that contains the practically unaltered triglycerides plus other apolar components; and DM = dry matter. TABLE C–1 Conversion reactors—Weights and Measures Units Multiplied by the Factor Below Equals Units Multiplied by the Factor Below Equals Units lb 453.6 g 0.002205 lb lb 0.4536 kg 2.205 lb oz 28.35 g 0.035273 oz kg 1,000 g 0.001 kg kg 1,000,000 mg 0.000001 kg g 1,000 mg 0.001 g g 1,000,000 mcg (or µg) 0.001 mg g 109 ng (nanogram) 10-9 g g 1012 pg (picogram) 10-12 g mg 1,000 mcg (or µg) 0.001 mg mg/kga 0.0001 % 10,000 mg/kg ppm 0.0001 % 10,000 ppm gal (U.S.) 3.785 liters 0.2642 gal (U.S.gal (Brit.) 4.546 liters 0.220 gal (Brit.bu (bushel) 0.3525 hl (hectoliter) 2.837 bu     cal (calorie) 4.184 j (joule) 0.239 cal kcal (kilocalorie) 1,000 cal 0.001 kcal Mcal (megacalorie) 1,000,000 cal 0.000001 Mcal Mcal 1,000 kcal 0.001 Mcal a 100 ppm = 100 mg/kg = 0.010 percent; thus converting 0.0002 percent = 2 ppm = 2 mg/kg. Page 114 Front Matter (R1-R16) Overview (1-2) 1. Components of Poultry Diets (3-18) 2. Nutrient Requirements of Chickens (19-34) 3. Nutrient Requirements of Turkeys (35-39) 4. Nutrient Requirements of Geese (40-41) 5. Nutrient Requirements of Ducks (42-43) 6. Nutrient Requirements of Ring-Necked Pheasants, Japanese Quail, and Bobwhite Quail (44-45) 7. Signs of Nutritional Deficiencies in Chickens and Turkeys (46-57) 8. Toxicity of Certain Inorganic Elements (58-60) 9. Composition of Feedstuffs Used in Poultry Diets (61-79) 10. Standard Reference Diets for Chicks (80-82) Appendix A: Documentation of Nutrient Requirements (83-112) Appendix B: Estimating the Energy Value of Feed Ingredients (113-113) Appendix C: Conversion Factors (114-114) References (115-142) Authors (143-144) Index (145-157)

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Nutrient Requirements of Poultry: Ninth Revised Edition, 1994 Ingredient Prediction Equation Reference Products of animal origin Skim milk powder MEn = 40.94 × CP + 77.96 × EE + 19.04 × NFE Janssen, 1989 Whey, dried, low lactose MEn = 38.79 × CP + 77.96 × EE + 19.04 × NFE Janssen, 1989 Meat and bone meal MEn = 33.94 × DM = 45.77 × ash + 59.99 × EE Janssen, 1989 Fish meal (60%, 65%, 67% crude protein) MEn = 35.87 × DM - 34.08 × ash + 42.09 × EE Janssen, 1989 Herring meal, Norwegian MEn = 35.87 × DM - 34.08 × ash + 42.09 × EE Janssen, 1989 Blood meal, spray dried MEn = 34.49 × CP + 64.96 × EE Janssen, 1989 Blood meal, drum dried MEn = 31.88 × CP + 60.32 × EE Janssen, 1989 Feather meal (pepsin dig 80%) MEn = 33.2 × CP + 57.53 × EE Janssen, 1989 Poultry offal meal MEn = 31.02 × CP + 74.23 × EE Janssen, 1989 Poultry offal meal, high-fat MEn = 31.02 × CP + 78.87 × EE Janssen, 1989 Poultry by-product meal TMEn = -725 + 0.841 × GE (kcal/kg dry matter) Pesti et al., 1986 Poultry by-product meal TMEn = 4,070 - 142 × calcium Pesti et al., 1986 Poultry by-product meal TMEn = 4,330 - 61 × ash Pesti et al., 1986 Poultry by-product meal TMEn = 5,060 - 263 × ash + 491 × calcium Pesti et al., 1986 Poultry by-product meal TMEn = 479 + 89 × CP - 1,094 × phosphorus Pesti et al., 1986 Poultry by-product meal TMEn = 11,340 - 103 × CP - 327 × calcium Pesti et al., 1986 Poultry by-product meal TMEn = 934 - 69 × CP - 110 × ash Pesti et al., 1986 Poultry by-product meal TMEn = 561 - 154 × calcium - 622 × phosphorus Pesti et al., 1986 Poultry by-product meal TMEn = 556 - 63 × ash - 506 × phosphorus Pesti et al., 1986 Fat products from Dutch renderers MEn = 20,041 - 23.0 × IV - 319.1 × C16:0 - 153.4 × C18:0 Janssen et al., 1979 Fats and oils MEn = 8,227 - 10,318(-1,1685[Unsaturated:Saturated ratio]) Ketels and DeGroote, 1989 All fats and oils MEn = 28,119 - 235.8 (C18:1 + C18:2) - 6.4 (C16:0) - 310.9 (C18:0) + 0.726 (IV × FR1) - 0.0000379 (IV[FR1 + FFA])2 Huyghebaert et al., 1988 Vegetable oils (free fatty acid <50%) MEn = -10,147.94 + 188.28 IV + 155.09 FR1 - 1.6709 (IV × FR1) Huyghebaert et al., 1988 Vegetable oils (free fatty acid >50%) MEn = 1,804 + 29.7084 IV + 29.302 FR1 Huyghebaert et al., 1988 Animal fats (free fatty acid <40%) MEn = 126,694 + 1645 IV + 838.4 C16:0 - 215.3 C18:0 + 746.61 FR1 + 356.12 (FR1 + FFA) - 14.83 (IV × FR1) Huyghebaert et al., 1988 Animal fats (free fatty acid >40%) MEn = -9,865 + 194.1 IV + 300.1 C18:0 Huyghebaert et al., 1988 NOTE: Abbreviations used above are as follows: GE = gross energy; ME = metabolizable energy; MEn = nitrogen-corrected metabolizable energy; TMEn = nitrogen-corrected true metabolizable energy; CP = % crude protein; EE = % ether extract; CF = % crude fiber; NFE = % nitrogen-free extract; ADF = % acid detergent fiber; APF = % Acid-pepsin fiber; STA = % starch; SUG = % sugar; IV = iodine value; C16:0 = % palmitic acid; C18:0 = % stearic acid; C18:1 = % oleic acid; C18:2 = % linoleic acid; FFA = % free fatty acid, calculated as oleic acid equivalents; FR1 = first fraction from a column chromatography separation that contains the practically unaltered triglycerides plus other apolar components; and DM = dry matter. TABLE C–1 Conversion reactors—Weights and Measures Units Multiplied by the Factor Below Equals Units Multiplied by the Factor Below Equals Units lb 453.6 g 0.002205 lb lb 0.4536 kg 2.205 lb oz 28.35 g 0.035273 oz kg 1,000 g 0.001 kg kg 1,000,000 mg 0.000001 kg g 1,000 mg 0.001 g g 1,000,000 mcg (or µg) 0.001 mg g 109 ng (nanogram) 10-9 g g 1012 pg (picogram) 10-12 g mg 1,000 mcg (or µg) 0.001 mg mg/kga 0.0001 % 10,000 mg/kg ppm 0.0001 % 10,000 ppm gal (U.S.) 3.785 liters 0.2642 gal (U.S.gal (Brit.) 4.546 liters 0.220 gal (Brit.bu (bushel) 0.3525 hl (hectoliter) 2.837 bu     cal (calorie) 4.184 j (joule) 0.239 cal kcal (kilocalorie) 1,000 cal 0.001 kcal Mcal (megacalorie) 1,000,000 cal 0.000001 Mcal Mcal 1,000 kcal 0.001 Mcal a 100 ppm = 100 mg/kg = 0.010 percent; thus converting 0.0002 percent = 2 ppm = 2 mg/kg.

Representative terms from entire chapter:

free fatty