0.38

0–28

Growth, toe ash

Hubbard

Nys et al., 1983

0.29

35–53

Growth, feed efficiency, tibia ash, bone length

Broiler strain

Tortuero and Diez Tardon, 1983

0.25–0.30

13–41

Growth, mortality

Vantress × Plymouth Rock

Leach et al., 1959

0.11–0.20

1–28

Growth, feed efficiency

New Hampshire × Columbian

McWard and Scott, 1961a

0.13

7–23

Growth, blood pH

White Rock

Hurwitz et al., 1973

0.07

49–63

Growth, blood pH

White Rock

Hurwitz et al., 1974

>0.23

1–21

Growth

Broiler strain

Ross, 1977

0.2–0.25

7–21

Growth

Cobb × Hubbard

Ross, 1979

0.35

1–21

Growth

Peterson × Hubbard

Edwards, 1984

0.315–0.340

2–28

Growth, mortality, blood chlorine

White Plymouth Rock

Leach and Nesheim, 1963

0.13

7–23

Growth, blood pH

White Rock

Hurwitz et al., 1973

0.07

49–63

Growth, blood pH

White Rock

Hurwitz et al., 1973

0.12

1–21

Growth, mortality

Ross

Gardiner and Dewar, 1976

0.42

1–21

Growth

Peterson × Hubbard

Edwards, 1984

350–400

7–24

Growth

Not specified

Almquist, 1947

100–300

1–21

Growth, mortality

White Plymouth Rock

Edwards et al., 1960

250

1–28

Growth, blood magnesium, mortality

Vantress × Hubbard

Gardner et al., 1960

200

1–14

Growth, mortality

New Hampshire × Columbian

McWard and Scott, 1961b

577

1–21

Growth, mortality, bone magnesium

White Plymouth Rock

Nugara and Edwards, 1963

=350

1–27

Growth, feed efficiency

New Hampshire × Columbian

Baker and Molitoris, 1975

50

1–42

Growth, perosis

New Hampshire

Gallup and Norris, 1939a

14

8–22

Growth

New Hampshire × Columbian

Southern and Baker, 1983a

35

12–26

Growth, feed efficiency

White Plymouth Rock

Morrison and Sarett, 1958

35

1–42

Growth, bone integrity

White Rock or Cornish × White Rock

O'Dell et al., 1958

30

1–28

Growth

White Meteor × White Rock

Roberson and Shaible, 1958

47–57

1–14

Growth, tibia ash

White Rock

Edwards et al., 1959

>52

1–28

Growth leg deformity

New Hampshire × Connecticut

Lease et al., 1960

>40 mg

1–28

Growth, hock enlargement

White Plymouth Rock

Zeigler et al., 1961

14

8–22

Growth

New Hampshire × Columbian

Southern and Baker, 1983b

18

1–21

Growth

Broiler strain

Dewar and Downie, 1984

>45

8–22

Tibia zinc

New Hampshire × Columbian

Wedekind et al., 1990

56

7–21

Growth, blood hemoglobin, liver iron

Not specified

Waddel and Sell, 1964

75–80

1–28

Growth, blood hemoglobin

New Hampshire and Plymouth Rock

Davis et al., 1968

80

1–21

Growth, blood hemoglobin, packed cell volume

Not specified

McNaughton and Day, 1979

40

8–22

Growth, blood hemoglobin, hematocrit

New Hampshire × Columbian

Southern and Baker, 1982

8

1–21

Growth, blood hemoglobin, packed cell volume

Not specified

McNaughton and Day, 1979

0.3–0.4

28–56

Growth, thyroid histology

Barred Plymouth Rock

Creek et al., 1957

>0.02 mg

1–24

Mortality, exudative diathesis

Plymouth Rock × Vantress

Thompson and Scott, 1969

0.1 mg

1–31

Pancreatic degeneration and fibrosis

White Plymouth Rock × Vantress

Gries and Scott, 1972c

>0.1 mg

1–63

Growth, glutathione peroxidase activity

Hubbard

Binnerts and El Boushy, 1985

0.14–0.17

1–21

Growth, plasma thyroid hormones

Hubbard and Arbor Acre

Jensen et al., 1986

2,200

Varied

Growth

Various

Almquist, 1953

1,320

1–28

Growth, feed efficiency

Columbian Rock

Olsen et al., 1959

=1,100

7–63

Growth

Not specified

Marusich and Bauernfeind, 1963

900

1–56

Growth, incidence of coccidiosis

Broiler strain

Ogunmodede, 1981

200–396

1–28

Growth

Not specified

Waldroup et al., 1963a

198

1–28

Growth, tibia ash

Not specified

Waldroup et al., 1965

200

1–54

Growth, tibia ash

Not specified

Biely and March, 1967

=200

1–14

Growth, bone mineralization

Not specified

McAuliffe et al., 1976