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PAPERBACK + PDF your price: $39.00 add to cart PAPERBACK list:$32.95 Web:$29.66 add to cart PDF BOOK your price: $25.50 add to cart Rights & Permissions Free Resources PDF EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Display this book on your site! Related Titles Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids (Macronutrients) Nutrient Composition of Rations for Short-Term, High-Intensity Combat Operations Other Related Titles Nutrient Requirements of Fish (1993) Board on Agriculture (BOA) Web Search Builder Use this book's key terms to search within this book, across our collection, or across the Web. Skim This Chapter Skim this chapter and use this chapter's key terms to search within this book. Reference Finder Paste in your own text to find books that relate to your topic. Page 95   E-mail  Facebook  Digg  Stumble  Twitter More The following HTML text is provided to enhance online readability. Many aspects of typography translate only awkwardly to HTML. Please use the page image as the authoritative form to ensure accuracy. Appendix Page 95 Front Matter (R1-R12) Overview (1-2) 1. Dietary Requirements (3-32) 2. Other Dietary Components (33-37) 3. Antinutrients and Adventitious Toxins (38-42) 4. Digestibility and Absorption (43-48) 5. Diet Formulation and Processing (49-54) 6. Feeding Practices (55-61) 7. Nutrient Requirements Table (62-63) 8. Composition of Feed Ingredients (64-71) References (72-94) Appendix (95-102) Authors (103-104) Index (105-116)

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Appendix

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This page in the original is blank.

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TABLE A-1 Common and Scientific Names of Species Discussed in This Report Common Name Scientific Name Common Name Scientific Name Abalone Haliotis spp. Largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides Atlantic salmon Salmo salar Milkfish Chanos chanos Atlantic silverside Menidia menidia Mossambique tilapia Oreochromis mossambica Ayu Plecoglossus altivelis Nile tilapia Oreochromis nilotica Bighead carp Hypophthalmichthys nobilis Oriental weatherfish Misgurnus anguillcaudatus Black sea bream Mylio macrocephalus Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. Blue tilapia Oreochromis aurea Pike Esox lucius Bluegill Lepomis machrochirus Pink salmon Oncorhynchus gorbuscha Brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis Plaice (American) Hippoglossoides platessoides Brown trout Salmo trutta linnaeus Platyfish (southern) Xiphophorus maculatus Catfish Schilbeades mollis Pollock Pollachius virens Channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus Puffer (marbled) Sphoeroides dorsalis Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha Rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss Chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta Red sea bream Pagellus bogaraveo Cod Gadus morhua Roach Rutilus rutilus Coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch Sablefish Anoplopoma fimbria Common carp Cyprinus carpio Sea bass (European bass) Morone labrax Estuary grouper Epinephelus striatus Silver carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix Fancy red carp Cyprinus carpio Skate Raja spp. Giant sea perch Archoplites interruptus Skipjack tuna Katsuwonus pelamis Gilthead (sea) bream Sparus auratus Smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieu Goldfish Carassius auratus Snakehead Channa striata Grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella Sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka Grey mullet Mugil cephalus Striped bass Morone saxatilis Guppy Poecilia reticulata Striped jack Longirostris delicatissimus Haddock Melanogrammus aeglefinus Sturgeon Acipenser spp. Hake Merluccius bilinearis Sunfish(redbreast) Lepomis auritus Herring Clupea harengus Swordtail (green) Xiphophorus helleri Indian catfish Heteropneustes fossilis Turbot Scophthalmus maximus Indian major carp   White bass Morone chrysops Catla Catla catla Whitefish Coregonus spp. Rohu Labeo rohita White sturgeon Acipenser transmontanus Japanese (blue) parrotfish Scarus coeruleus Winter flounder Pseudopleuronectes americanus Japanese eel Anguilla japonica Yellowtail Seriola lalandi Lake trout Salvelinus namaycush Zillii's tilapia Tilapia zillii

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TABLE A-2 Amino Acid and Mineral Deficiency Signs Reported in Fish Nutrient Salmonids Channel Catfish Japanese Eel Common Carp Tilapia Red Sea Bream Amino acids Methionine Cataracts           Tryptophan Scoliosis, cataracts, fin erosion, deranged mineral metabolism           Lysine Fin erosion, mortality           Macrominerals Calcium Reduced growth   Reduced growth, anorexia   Reduced growth, poor feed conversion and bone mineralization Reduced growth, anorexia, poor feed conversion Magnesium (Mg) Reduced growth, anorexia, sluggishness, nephrocalcinosis, cataracts, degeneration of muscle fibers and epithelial cells of pyloric caeca and gill filaments, skeletal deformity, reduced bone mineralization, reduced bone Mg concentration Reduced growth, anorexia, sluggishness, mortality, reduced bone Mg concentration Reduced growth, anorexia Reduced growth, anorexia, sluggishness, convulsions, cataracts, mortality, reduced bone Mg concentration     Phosphorus Reduced growth, poor food conversion and bone mineralization Reduced growth, poor food conversion and bone mineralization Reduced growth, anorexia Reduced growth, poor bone mineralization, skeletal and cranial deformity, increased visceral fat   Poor feed conversion and mineralization, curved and enlarged spongy vertebrae Potassium Anorexia, convulsion, tetany, mortality          

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Nutrient Salmonids Channel Catfish Japanese Eel Common Carp Tilapia Red Sea Bream Microminerals   Copper (Cu) Reduced liver Cu-Zn-superoxide dismutase and heart cytochrome c oxidase activity Reduced growth and reduced heart cytochrome c, oxidase activity         Iodine Thyroid hyperplasia           Iron Hypochromic microcytic anemia Reduced growth, poor feed conversion Hypochromic microcytic anemia Hypochromic microcytic anemia   Hypochromic microcytic anemia Selenium Muscular dystrophy, exudative diathesis, reduced glutathione peroxidase activity Reduced growth, reduced glutathione peroxidase activity   Reduced growth, anemia, cataracts     Zinc (Zn) Reduced growth, short-body dwarfism, cataracts, fin erosion, mortality Reduced growth, anorexia, reduced bone Ca and Zn concentration, low serum Zn   Reduced growth, anorexia, cataracts, fin and skin erosion, mortality   Reduced growth, anorexia, loss of equilibrium, mortality

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TABLE A-3 Major Vitamin Deficiency Signs Reported in Fisha Vitamin Salmonids Channel Catfish Japanese Eel Common Carp Yellowtail Red Sea Bream A Skin depigmentation, exophthalmia, eyes and lens displacement, corneal thinning, retinal degeneration, edema, ascites Exophthalmia, edema, hemorrhagic kidney, skin depigmentation Not tested Skin depigmentation exophthalmia, twisted opercula, hemorrhagic fin and skin Arrested growth of opercula; dark skin coloration; anemia; hemorrhagic fins, eyes, and liver Not tested D Impaired calcium homeostasis, tetany of skeletal muscle, increased liver lipid Low bone ash, potassium, and calcium contents Not tested Not tested Not tested Not tested E Skin depigmentation, anemia, ascites, abnormal erythrocytes, muscular dystrophy, edema Skin depigmentation, exudative diathesis, muscular dystrophy, fatty liver, pancreatic atrophy, ceroid deposition Not tested Exophthalmia, lordosis, muscular dystrophy, kidney degeneration, pancreatic degeneration Dark skin coloration, congested fins and bronchial mantles, spasms Not tested K Prolonged blood clotting, anemia, hemorrhagic gills and eyes Hemorrhagic skin Not tested Not tested Not tested Not tested Thiamin Nervous disorders, loss of equilibrium, hyperirritability, convulsions, low transketolase activity in erythrocytes and kidney Dark skin coloration, loss of equilibrium, nervousness Trunk-winding activity, subcutaneous hemorrhage, congested fins Nervousness, skin depigmentation, subcutaneous hemorrhage Dark skin coloration, congested fins and bronchial mantles Subcutaneous hemorrhage, congested fins Riboflavin Lethargy, dark pigmentation, spinal deformities, fin hemorrhage and erosion, photophobia, corneal vascularization, eye hemorrhage, reduced activity of erythrocyte glutathione reductase Short-body dwarfism Lethargy, dermatitis, photophobia, fin hemorrhage, abdominal hemorrhage Emaciation, photophobia, nervousness, hemorrhage of skin and fins, anterior kidney necrosis Dark skin coloration, cloudy cornea Poor growth

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Vitamin Salmonids Channel Catfish Japanese Eel Common Carp Yellowtail Red Sea Bream Pyridoxine Nervous disorders, anemia, eleptiform convulsions, hyperirritability, erratic spiral swimming, low resistance to handling Nervous disorders, tetany, erratic swimming, greenish-blue coloration Nervous disorders, eleptiform convulsions Nervous disorders, anemia, low hepatopancreatic transferase Lethargy, eleptiform spasms and convulsions Poor growth Pantothenic acid Clubbed gills, distended operculum, atrophied pancreatic acinar cells, mortality Emaciation, clubbed gills, eroded epidermis, anemia, mortality Dermatitis, congested skin, hemorrhagic skin, abnormal swimming Poor growth, lethargy, exophthalmia, skin hemorrhage Clubbed gills, mortality Poor growth, mortality Niacin Skin, fin, and colon lesions; photosensitivity; sunburn; abdominal edema; muscular weakness; anemia Skin and fin lesions, exophthalmia, deformed jaws, anemia, mortality Abnormal swimming, skin hemorrhage Skin hemorrhage, mortality Caudal fin erosion, skin hemorrhage, mortality Poor growth Biotin Degenerative gill lamellae; skin lesions; muscle atrophy; spastic convulsion; reduced hepatic acetyl CoA, carboxylase, and pyruvate carboxylase; lipid infiltration of liver; degeneration of pancreatic acinar cells Skin depigmentation, hypersensitivity, reduced hepatic pyruvate carboxylase Abnormal swimming, dark skin coloration Lethargy, increased number of dermal mucous cells Lethargy, hemorrhage in gastrointestinal tracts Not tested Folate Lethargy, slow growth, dark skin coloration, anemia Lethargy, anemia, increased sensitivity to bacterial infection Dark skin coloration None detected Congested fins and bronchial mantles None detected

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Vitamin Salmonids Channel Catfish Japanese Eel Common Carp Yellowtail Red Sea Bream B12 Microcytic hypochromic anemia, fragmented erythrocytes Reduced growth, low hematocrit Anorexia, poor growth None detected Congested fins and bronchial mantles, anemia, morality Poor growth Choline Fatty liver, exopthalmia, extended abdomen, hemorrhagic kidney and intestine Enlarged liver, hemorrhagic kidney and intestine White-grey intestine Fatty liver, vacuolization of hepatic cells Dark skin Poor growth, mortality Inositol Dark skin coloration, distended abdomen, anemia, fin erosion, reduced activity of cholinesterase and transaminase None detected White-grey intestine Loss of skin mucosa Lethargy, dark skin coloration Poor growth Ascorbic acid Lethargy, hemorrhagic exophthalmia, intramuscular hemorrhage, distorted gill filaments, lordosis, scoliosis, ascites, anemia Internal and external hemorrhages, fin erosion, reduced bone collagen, lordosis, scoliosis Fin and dermal hemorrhages, lower jaw erosion Poor growth Skin hemorrhage, dark skin coloration, lordosis, scoliosis, anemia, mortality Poor growth a Major deficiency signs exclude anorexia and poor growth unless those are the only signs observed. Mortality means high and rapid mortality and thus might be useful for distinguishing some vitamin deficiencies.

Representative terms from entire chapter:

dark skin