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Science and Judgment in Risk Assessment (1994)
Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology (BEST)

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. "10 Variability." Science and Judgment in Risk Assessment. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 1994.

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Page 223

8. "Currently" is an important qualifier given the rapid increases in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of carcinogenesis. During the next several decades, science will doubtless become more adept at identifying individuals with greater susceptibility than average, and perhaps even pinpoint specific substances to which such individuals are particularly susceptible.

Page
223
Front Matter (R1-R16)
Executive Summary (1-15)
1 Introduction (16-22)
Part I Current Approaches to Risk Assessment: 2 Risk Assessment and its Social and Regulatory Contexts (23-42)
3 Exposure Assessment (43-55)
4 Assessment of Toxicity (56-67)
5 Risk Characterization (68-78)
Part II Strategies for Improving Risk Assessment: 6 Default Options (79-105)
7 Models, Methods, and Data (106-143)
8 Data Needs (144-159)
9 Uncertainty (160-187)
10 Variability (188-223)
11 Aggregation (224-242)
Part III Implementation of Findings: 12 Implementation (243-268)
References (269-286)
Appendix A: Risk Assessment Methodologies: EPA (287-350)
Appendix B: EPA Memorandum from Henry Habicht (351-374)
Appendix C: Calculation and Modeling of Exposure (375-382)
Appendix D: Working Paper for Considering Draft Revisions to the U.S. EPA Guidelines for Cancer Risk Assessment (383-448)
Appendix E: Use of Pharmacokinetics to Extrapolate from Animal Data to Humans (449-452)
Appendix F: Uncertainty Analysis of Health Risk Estimates (453-478)
Appendix G: Improvement in Human Health Risk Assessment Utilizing Site- and Chemical-Specific Information: A Case Study (479-502)
Appendix H-1: Some Definitional Concerns About Variability (503-504)
Appendix H-2: Individual Susceptibility Factors (505-514)
Appendix I: Aggregation (515-536)
Appendix J: A Tiered Modeling Approach for Assessing the Risks Due to Sources of Hazardous Air Pollutants (537-582)
Appendix K: Science Advisory Board Memorandum on the Integrated Risk Information System and EPA Response (583-590)
Appendix L: Development of Data Used in Risk Assessment (591-598)
Appendix M: Charge to the Committee (599-600)
Appendix N-1: The Case for (601-628)
Appendix N-2: Making Full Use of Scientific Information in Risk Assessment (629-640)
Index (641-652)